India
Capital: New DelhiRegion: South AsiaIncome: Lower middle income
India's GDP is $4.51T (2026), with a population of 1.45B, and GDP per capita of $3,051. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 6.2%, inflation at 4.0%, unemployment at 4.9%, government debt at 80.8% of GDP, life expectancy of 72.0 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators. Explore India's full economic profile with 440+ indicators, interactive charts, and historical data below.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook
Economy
Stock Markets
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| BSE Sensex | 73,319.55 | 2026 |
Financial Markets
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Central Bank Policy Rate (%) | 6.03% | 2025 |
| Exchange Rate (per USD) | 93.18 | 2026 |
Currencies
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| USD/INR | 92.67 | 2026 |
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 4.0% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 80.8% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -7.2% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -1.4% | 2026 |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 4.9% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 5.0% | 2024 |
| Real Interest Rate (%) | 2.5% | 2022 |
| Lending Interest Rate (%) | 8.6% | 2022 |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 9.1% | 2022 |
| Government Expenditure (% of GDP) | 13.3% | 2022 |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 6.7% | 2022 |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 32.6% | 2022 |
| Taxes on International Trade (% of revenue) | 5.5% | 2022 |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 34.8% | 2022 |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 0.9% | 2022 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $643.04B | 2024 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 7.5 | 2024 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 83.67 | 2024 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 20.42 | 2024 |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 82.1% | 2021 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 44.6% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 21.2% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 23.5% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $827.41B | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $918.33B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $442.76B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $718.26B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 0.7% | 2024 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 0.6% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $27.14B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $137.67B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 3.5% | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 18.6% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -0.8% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $-32.15B | 2024 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 18.6% | 2024 |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $716.46B | 2024 |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 2.4% | 2024 |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $205.58B | 2024 |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $21.58B | 2024 |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 0.1% | 2023 |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $2.38B | 2023 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 50.1% | 2021 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP) | 131.2% | 2024 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (USD) | $5.13T | 2024 |
| Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP) | 85.6% | 2024 |
| Listed Domestic Companies | 2,673 | 2024 |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 6.1% | 2023 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 1.7% | 2023 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 89.0% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 89.2% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 88.8% | 2024 |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 56.1% | 2022 |
Business Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 23 | 2022 |
Private Sector
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 39.3% | 2022 |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 3.9% | 2022 |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 6.8% | 2022 |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 7.7% | 2022 |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 24 years | 2022 |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 32.7% | 2022 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 1.45B | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | 0.9% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 484 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 3.3M | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 3.0M | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 35.4% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 513.3M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 64.6% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 72.0 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 70.5 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 73.6 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 2 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 16.1 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 6.6 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | -495,753 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 24.6% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 68.2% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 7.1% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 46.6% | 2024 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 10.5% | 2024 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 36.1% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 177.9 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 122 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 617.6M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 55.7% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 32.4% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 77.6% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 4.2% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 4.1% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 4.2% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 16.0% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 41.6% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 25.8% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 32.6% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (%) | 55.8% | 2024 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 71.6% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 25.1% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 24.4% | 2024 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 3.3% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 28.3% | 2025 |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 53.3% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 74.9% | 2025 |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 24.2% | 2024 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 4.1% | 2022 |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 14.2% | 2022 |
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 81.7% | 2023 |
| Female Literacy Rate (%) | 74.9% | 2023 |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 88.3% | 2023 |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 97.0% | 2023 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 120.5% | 2024 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 78.1% | 2024 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 34.4% | 2024 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 94.5% | 2024 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 87.3% | 2024 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 119,749 | 2024 |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 381,513 | 2023 |
| Primary School Teachers | 5.0M | 2024 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 7.0M | 2024 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 33 | 2017 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 29 | 2018 |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 28.4% | 2013 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 74.2 | 2023 |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 41.4% | 2013 |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 28.5% | 2013 |
Health
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 2.2 | 2024 |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 3,154 | 2024 |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 754 | 2023 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 1,182 | 2023 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 19.1% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 34.9% | 2021 |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 99.5% | 2023 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 76.7% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 48.4 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 24.5% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 729,592 | 2023 |
| Arable Land (%) | 51.8% | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 4.5% | 2024 |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 0.3% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 95.7% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 83.4% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 60.1% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 3,626 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 127.8 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 123.3 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 132.5 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 103.3M | 2023 |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 6.2M | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 199.1 | 2023 |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 12.0% | 2023 |
| Agricultural Irrigated Land (%) | 44.4% | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 44.8% | 2022 |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 374.6M | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 70.0% | 2025 |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 81 | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 2.7 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 1,212.4 | 2024 |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 0.65% | 2020 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 26,267 | 2021 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 35,306 | 2021 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 207,390 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $54.14B | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 47.4% | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $177.75B | 2024 |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 17,497 | 2021 |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 259 | 2020 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 180.4M | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 1,807 | 2023 |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 19.7M | 2022 |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 68,103 | 2021 |
| Railways, Passengers (million km) | 231,126 | 2021 |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 719,762 | 2021 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 3.40 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 0.2% | 2023 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 2.4% | 2023 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 13.7% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 34.4% | 2024 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 21.2% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 101.5% | 2018 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 14.1 | 2023 |
| Women Who Believe Husband Can Beat Wife (%) | 44.4% | 2021 |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 101.34 | 2018 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 0.97 | 2021 |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 1.02 | 2021 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.37 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | 0.48 | 2023 |
| Political Stability | -0.64 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | -0.14 | 2023 |
| Rule of Law | 0.19 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | 0.09 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 41.5% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 67.9% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 56.1% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 21.3% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 2.3% | 2024 |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $86.13B | 2024 |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 3.1M | 2020 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 0.6% | 2020 |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 7.6% | 2024 |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 2.8 | 2022 |
Poverty & Inequality
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 5.3% | 2022 |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 23.9% | 2022 |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 82.1% | 2022 |
| Gini Index | 25.5 | 2022 |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 22.1% | 2022 |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 4.5% | 2022 |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 36.1% | 2022 |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 10.4% | 2022 |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 0.8% | 2022 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.49 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.50 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.49 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 7.1 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 17.9M | 2019 |
| International Tourism, Departures | 26.9M | 2019 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $13.41B | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $15.78B | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 2.8% | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $377.0M | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 1.8% | 2024 |
| Population in Largest City | 34.7M | 2025 |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 6.6% | 2025 |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 17.0% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 5.4% | 2019 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | 0.4% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 76.4% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 62.8% | 2024 |
Explore Rankings
See where India ranks globally across key indicators
Compare India
Side-by-side economic comparison with other major economies
Similar Economies
Countries in the same region (South Asia) or income group (Lower middle income)
