Nepal
Capital: KathmanduRegion: South AsiaIncome: Lower middle income
Nepal's GDP is $49.11B (2026), with a population of 29.7M, and GDP per capita of $1,658. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 5.2%, inflation at 4.2%, government debt at 49.9% of GDP, life expectancy of 70.4 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators. Explore Nepal's full economic profile with 440+ indicators, interactive charts, and historical data below.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook
Economy
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 4.2% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 49.9% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -3.7% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -0.8% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 4.7% | 2024 |
| Government Debt (% of GDP) | 39.9% | 2021 |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 16.5% | 2023 |
| Government Expenditure (% of GDP) | 19.4% | 2021 |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 13.9% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 38.0% | 2023 |
| Taxes on International Trade (% of revenue) | 16.6% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 26.7% | 2023 |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 4.4% | 2023 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $12.46B | 2023 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 10.4 | 2023 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 133.73 | 2024 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 33.56 | 2024 |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 126.2% | 2024 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 40.5% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 7.6% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 32.9% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $3.27B | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $14.12B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $1.32B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $12.32B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 0.1% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $56.9M | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $11.25B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 26.2% | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 0.6% | 2022 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 3.9% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $1.68B | 2024 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 23.3% | 2024 |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $10.15B | 2024 |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 1.2% | 2024 |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $5.65B | 2024 |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $744.4M | 2024 |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 2.8% | 2023 |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $1.17B | 2023 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 92.1% | 2024 |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 6.8% | 2023 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 3.8% | 2023 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 60.0% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 59.8% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 60.2% | 2024 |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 33.4% | 2023 |
Business Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 20 | 2023 |
Private Sector
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 3.4% | 2023 |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 14.7% | 2023 |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 10.3% | 2023 |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 14.1% | 2023 |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 3 years | 2023 |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 37.7% | 2023 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 29.7M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | -0.1% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 207 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 147,180 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 143,350 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 66.8% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 19.8M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 33.2% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 70.4 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 68.8 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 71.8 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 2 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 19.3 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 6.9 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | -364,699 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 28.4% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 65.1% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 6.5% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 53.7% | 2024 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 10.0% | 2024 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 43.7% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 180.7 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 139.2 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 8.4M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 39.2% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 27.5% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 52.9% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 10.5% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 11.8% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 9.7% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 20.6% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 22.9% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 31.3% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 45.8% | 2025 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 77.0% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 21.4% | 2025 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 1.6% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 37.6% | 2025 |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 35.1% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 78.6% | 2025 |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 34.8% | 2017 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 3.7% | 2024 |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 10.8% | 2025 |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 92.4% | 2022 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 128.6% | 2025 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 90.4% | 2024 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 21.3% | 2024 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 109.4% | 2025 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 98.2% | 2025 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 21,146 | 2025 |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 19,465 | 2025 |
| Primary School Teachers | 157,456 | 2025 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 124,257 | 2025 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 20 | 2019 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 28 | 2019 |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 53.8% | 2015 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 73.5 | 2016 |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 33.3% | 2015 |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 10.8% | 2015 |
Health
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 0.5 | 2024 |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 16 | 2024 |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 520 | 2022 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 321 | 2022 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 83.8% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 73.7% | 2021 |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 94.0% | 2023 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 42.7% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 45.7 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 41.6% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 59,620 | 2023 |
| Arable Land (%) | 12.6% | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 23.6% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 93.6% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 86.0% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 26.1% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 3,344 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 123.2 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 116.7 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 144.4 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 3.3M | 2023 |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 21,000 | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 67.8 | 2023 |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 5.3% | 2023 |
| Agricultural Irrigated Land (%) | 32.3% | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 4.8% | 2022 |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 11.2M | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 55.8% | 2023 |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 133 | 2022 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 4.8 | 2022 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 541.2 | 2024 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 20 | 2017 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 43 | 2017 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 1,699 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $3.8M | 2022 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 7.1% | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $133.8M | 2024 |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 15 | 2017 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 4.3M | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 16.9 | 2023 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.51 | 2018 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 0.0% | 2022 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 33.1% | 2024 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 9.2% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 147.5% | 2019 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 67.2 | 2023 |
| Women Who Believe Husband Can Beat Wife (%) | 18.6% | 2022 |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 146.62 | 2019 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 0.99 | 2022 |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 0.92 | 2022 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.51 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.81 | 2023 |
| Political Stability | -0.23 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | -0.66 | 2023 |
| Rule of Law | -0.46 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | -0.02 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 34.0% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 21.7% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 34.9% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 39.3% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 1.0% | 2024 |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $426.5M | 2024 |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 112,000 | 2020 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 1.4% | 2020 |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 4.1% | 2024 |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 2.1 | 2020 |
Poverty & Inequality
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 2.4% | 2022 |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 9.1% | 2022 |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 52.6% | 2022 |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 20.3% | 2022 |
| Gini Index | 30 | 2022 |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 24.2% | 2022 |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 3.7% | 2022 |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 39.0% | 2022 |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 8.7% | 2022 |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 0.3% | 2022 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.50 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 7.2 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 230,000 | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Departures | 1.2M | 2017 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $238.0M | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $267.0M | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 13.4% | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $41.0M | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 0.2% | 2024 |
| Population in Largest City | 1.7M | 2025 |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 8.4% | 2025 |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 5.6% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 40.1% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | -0.8% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 16.5% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 53.4% | 2024 |
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