Nepal
NPLSouth AsiaLower middle incomeCapital: KathmanduEconomy
Fiscal
People
Health
Education
Trade
Energy / Env
Tech
Governance
Equality
Infra
Labor
72/80 indicators · percentile vs world (IMF / WB / WHO)underover
GDP
$45.84B
2026▲ 2.3%
Population
29.7M
2024▼ 0.1%
GDP per Capita
$1,548
2026▲ 2.4%
Life Expectancy
70.4 years
2023▲ 0.4%
Nepal in world space2000–2023
192 countries · log scale on X world Nepal· trajectory line: 1980 → today
▶About Nepal
Nepal's GDP is $45.84B (2026), with a population of 29.6M, and GDP per capita of $1,548. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 3.0%, inflation at 3.1%, government debt at 49.6% of GDP, life expectancy of 70.6 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators.
▶Economy30 indicators · 2021–2026 · IMF / WB
▶Fiscal & Monetary18 indicators · 2021–2026 · IMF / WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 3.1% | 2026 | ▼ 24.4% | IMF |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 49.6% | 2026 | ▲ 3.1% | IMF |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -2.5% | 2026 | ▼ 31.6% | IMF |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 6.9% | 2026 | ▲ 3.0% | IMF |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 4.7% | 2024 | ▼ 34.2% | WB |
| Government Debt (% of GDP) | 39.9% | 2021 | ▲ 2.2% | WB |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 16.5% | 2023 | ▼ 16.8% | WB |
| Government Expenditure (% of GDP) | 19.4% | 2021 | ▼ 3.6% | WB |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 13.9% | 2023 | ▼ 20.2% | WB |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 38.0% | 2023 | ▼ 3.3% | WB |
| Taxes on International Trade (% of revenue) | 16.6% | 2023 | ▼ 16.6% | WB |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 26.7% | 2023 | ▲ 8.6% | WB |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 4.4% | 2023 | ▼ 16.9% | WB |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $12.46B | 2023 | ▲ 33.7% | WB |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 10.4 | 2023 | ▲ 46.3% | WB |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 133.73 | 2024 | ▲ 1.2% | WB |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 33.56 | 2024 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 126.2% | 2024 | ▲ 4.6% | WB |
▶Trade14 indicators · 2022–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 40.5% | 2024 | ▼ 2.5% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 7.6% | 2024 | ▲ 8.8% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 32.9% | 2024 | ▼ 4.8% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $3.27B | 2024 | ▲ 13.7% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $14.12B | 2024 | ▼ 0.5% | WB |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $1.32B | 2024 | ▲ 14.9% | WB |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $12.32B | 2024 | ▲ 2.5% | WB |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 0.1% | 2024 | ▼ 27.3% | WB |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $56.9M | 2024 | ▼ 24.0% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $11.25B | 2024 | ▲ 4.6% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 26.2% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 0.6% | 2022 | ▼ 50.5% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 3.9% | 2024 | ▲ 59.7% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $1.68B | 2024 | ▲ 66.9% | WB |
▶External Debt7 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 23.3% | 2024 | ▼ 3.2% | WB |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $10.15B | 2024 | ▲ 1.7% | WB |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 1.2% | 2024 | ▲ 9.5% | WB |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $5.65B | 2024 | — | WB |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $744.4M | 2024 | ▲ 1.5% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 2.8% | 2023 | ▼ 2.4% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $1.17B | 2023 | ▼ 2.1% | WB |
▶Finance7 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 92.1% | 2024 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 6.8% | 2023 | ▼ 7.2% | WB |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 3.8% | 2023 | ▲ 54.5% | WB |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 60.0% | 2024 | ▲ 11.1% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 59.8% | 2024 | ▲ 19.8% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 60.2% | 2024 | ▲ 2.8% | WB |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 33.4% | 2023 | — | WB |
▶Business Environment1 indicator · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 20 | 2023 | — | WB |
▶Private Sector6 indicators · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 3.4% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 14.7% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 10.3% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 14.1% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 3 years | 2023 | — | WB |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 37.7% | 2023 | — | WB |
▶People23 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 29.7M | 2024 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Population Growth (%) | -0.1% | 2024 | ▼ 109.4% | WB |
| Population Density (per km²) | 207 | 2023 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 147,180 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Land Area (sq km) | 143,350 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Urban Population (%) | 66.8% | 2024 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Urban Population (total) | 19.8M | 2024 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Rural Population (%) | 33.2% | 2024 | ▼ 0.7% | WB |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 70.4 years | 2023 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 68.8 years | 2023 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 71.8 years | 2023 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 2 | 2023 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 19.3 | 2023 | ▼ 1.5% | WB |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 6.9 | 2023 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| Net Migration | -364,699 | 2025 | ▲ 9.1% | WB |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 28.4% | 2024 | ▼ 1.0% | WB |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 65.1% | 2024 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 6.5% | 2024 | ▲ 2.2% | WB |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 53.7% | 2024 | ▼ 0.6% | WB |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 10.0% | 2024 | ▲ 2.0% | WB |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 43.7% | 2024 | ▼ 1.2% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 180.7 | 2023 | ▼ 1.6% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 139.2 | 2023 | ▼ 2.1% | WB |
▶Labor18 indicators · 2017–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 8.4M | 2025 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 39.2% | 2025 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 27.5% | 2025 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 52.9% | 2025 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Unemployment (%) | 10.5% | 2025 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 11.8% | 2025 | ▼ 1.4% | WB |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 9.7% | 2025 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 20.6% | 2025 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 22.9% | 2025 | ▼ 2.4% | WB |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 31.3% | 2025 | ▲ 0.8% | WB |
| Employment in Services (%) | 45.8% | 2025 | ▲ 0.7% | WB |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 77.0% | 2025 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 21.4% | 2025 | ▲ 1.2% | WB |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 1.6% | 2025 | ▲ 1.8% | WB |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 37.6% | 2025 | ▲ 0.8% | WB |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 35.1% | 2025 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 78.6% | 2025 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 34.8% | 2017 | — | WB |
▶Education18 indicators · 2015–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 3.7% | 2024 | ▼ 6.8% | WB |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 10.8% | 2025 | ▼ 4.6% | WB |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 92.4% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 128.6% | 2025 | ▲ 3.2% | WB |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 90.4% | 2024 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 21.3% | 2024 | ▲ 11.9% | WB |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 109.4% | 2025 | ▼ 2.5% | WB |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 98.2% | 2025 | ▼ 3.2% | WB |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 21,146 | 2025 | ▼ 63.2% | WB |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 19,465 | 2025 | — | WB |
| Primary School Teachers | 157,456 | 2025 | ▼ 2.1% | WB |
| Secondary School Teachers | 124,257 | 2025 | ▲ 11.8% | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 20 | 2019 | — | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 28 | 2019 | — | WB |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 53.8% | 2015 | — | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 73.5 | 2016 | — | WB |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 33.3% | 2015 | — | WB |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 10.8% | 2015 | — | WB |
▶Health42 indicators · 2020–2025 · WHO
▶Energy & Environment15 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 0.5 | 2024 | ▲ 3.1% | WB |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 16 | 2024 | ▲ 3.0% | WB |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 520 | 2022 | ▼ 0.8% | WB |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 321 | 2022 | ▲ 4.8% | WB |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 83.8% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 73.7% | 2021 | ▲ 0.8% | WB |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 94.0% | 2023 | ▲ 3.0% | WB |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 42.7% | 2023 | ▲ 3.9% | WB |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 45.7 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Forest Area (%) | 41.6% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 59,620 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Arable Land (%) | 12.6% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 23.6% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 93.6% | 2024 | ▲ 0.6% | WHO |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 86.0% | 2024 | ▲ 4.2% | WHO |
▶Agriculture12 indicators · 2022–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 26.1% | 2023 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 3,344 | 2023 | ▲ 3.9% | WB |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 123.2 | 2022 | ▲ 2.9% | WB |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 116.7 | 2022 | ▲ 3.4% | WB |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 144.4 | 2022 | ▲ 1.6% | WB |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 3.3M | 2023 | ▼ 3.6% | WB |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 21,000 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 67.8 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 5.3% | 2023 | ▼ 1.9% | WB |
| Agricultural Irrigated Land (%) | 32.3% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 4.8% | 2022 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 11.2M | 2023 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
▶Technology11 indicators · 2017–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 55.8% | 2023 | ▲ 3.5% | WB |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 133 | 2022 | ▲ 2.8% | WB |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 4.8 | 2022 | ▲ 12.1% | WB |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 541.2 | 2024 | ▼ 15.8% | WB |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 20 | 2017 | — | WB |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 43 | 2017 | — | WB |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 1,699 | 2022 | ▼ 5.5% | WB |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $3.8M | 2022 | ▼ 40.7% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 7.1% | 2024 | ▼ 3.5% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $133.8M | 2024 | ▲ 10.5% | WB |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 15 | 2017 | — | WB |
▶Infrastructure5 indicators · 2018–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 4.3M | 2023 | ▼ 3.4% | WB |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 16.9 | 2023 | ▼ 47.3% | WB |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.51 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 0.0% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Gender8 indicators · 2019–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 33.1% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 9.2% | 2025 | ▲ 2.5% | WB |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 147.5% | 2019 | — | WB |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 67.2 | 2023 | ▼ 1.7% | WB |
| Women Who Believe Husband Can Beat Wife (%) | 18.6% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 146.62 | 2019 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 0.99 | 2022 | ▼ 3.6% | WB |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 0.92 | 2022 | ▼ 3.9% | WB |
▶Governance10 indicators · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.51 | 2023 | ▲ 4.7% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.81 | 2023 | ▲ 12.0% | WB |
| Political Stability | -0.23 | 2023 | ▲ 5.4% | WB |
| Regulatory Quality | -0.66 | 2023 | ▼ 1.7% | WB |
| Rule of Law | -0.46 | 2023 | ▼ 3.2% | WB |
| Voice & Accountability | -0.02 | 2023 | ▲ 48.2% | WB |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 34.0% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 21.7% | 2023 | ▲ 39.4% | WB |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 34.9% | 2023 | ▼ 8.6% | WB |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 39.3% | 2023 | ▲ 4.2% | WB |
▶Military6 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 1.0% | 2024 | ▼ 8.6% | WB |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $426.5M | 2024 | ▼ 2.3% | WB |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 112,000 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 1.4% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 4.1% | 2024 | ▼ 4.1% | WB |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 2.1 | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Poverty & Inequality10 indicators · 2022 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 2.4% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 9.1% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 52.6% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 20.3% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Gini Index | 30 | 2022 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 24.2% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 3.7% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 39.0% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 8.7% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 0.3% | 2022 | — | WB |
▶Social Protection2 indicators · 2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.50 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 7.2 years | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Tourism6 indicators · 2017–2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 230,000 | 2020 | — | WB |
| International Tourism, Departures | 1.2M | 2017 | — | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $238.0M | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $267.0M | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 13.4% | 2020 | — | WB |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $41.0M | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Urban Development8 indicators · 2022–2025 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 0.2% | 2024 | ▼ 33.8% | WB |
| Population in Largest City | 1.7M | 2025 | ▲ 3.2% | WB |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 8.4% | 2025 | ▲ 2.9% | WB |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 5.6% | 2025 | ▲ 3.3% | WB |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 40.1% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | -0.8% | 2024 | ▼ 4.6% | WB |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 16.5% | 2024 | ▲ 0.8% | WHO |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 53.4% | 2024 | ▲ 4.4% | WHO |
