Bangladesh
Capital: DhakaRegion: South AsiaIncome: Lower middle income
Bangladesh's GDP is $519.29B (2026), with a population of 173.6M, and GDP per capita of $2,960. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 4.9%, inflation at 8.7%, government debt at 40.2% of GDP, life expectancy of 74.7 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators. Explore Bangladesh's full economic profile with 440+ indicators, interactive charts, and historical data below.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook
Economy
Financial Markets
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Exchange Rate (per USD) | 122.76 | 2026 |
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 8.7% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 40.2% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -3.9% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -0.9% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 10.5% | 2024 |
| Real Interest Rate (%) | 2.8% | 2024 |
| Lending Interest Rate (%) | 9.9% | 2024 |
| Deposit Interest Rate (%) | 8.5% | 2024 |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 9.5% | 2021 |
| Government Expenditure (% of GDP) | 8.3% | 2021 |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 7.6% | 2021 |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 43.2% | 2021 |
| Taxes on International Trade (% of revenue) | 9.3% | 2021 |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 25.8% | 2021 |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 4.1% | 2021 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $21.39B | 2024 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 3.2 | 2024 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 115.6 | 2024 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 29.88 | 2024 |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 48.8% | 2024 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 26.8% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 10.5% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 16.3% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $47.09B | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $73.45B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $47.24B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $67.88B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 0.3% | 2024 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 0.0% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $1.31B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $27.52B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 6.1% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 0.3% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $1.43B | 2024 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 22.3% | 2024 |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $104.49B | 2024 |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 1.8% | 2024 |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $57.65B | 2024 |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $4.67B | 2024 |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 1.2% | 2023 |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $5.68B | 2023 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 35.8% | 2024 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP) | 19.5% | 2024 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (USD) | $87.94B | 2024 |
| Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP) | 2.8% | 2024 |
| Listed Domestic Companies | 691 | 2024 |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 6.5% | 2023 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 9.6% | 2023 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 43.3% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 33.3% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 53.5% | 2024 |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 18.8% | 2022 |
Business Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 89 | 2022 |
Private Sector
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 30.7% | 2022 |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 6.7% | 2022 |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 3.6% | 2022 |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 6.4% | 2022 |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 28 years | 2022 |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 36.5% | 2022 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 173.6M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | 1.2% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 1,319 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 147,570 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 129,980 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 32.7% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 56.7M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 67.3% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 74.7 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 73.0 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 76.4 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 2.2 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 20.4 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 5 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | -402,100 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 28.0% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 65.5% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 6.5% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 52.6% | 2024 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 9.9% | 2024 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 42.7% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 141.4 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 109 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 74.7M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 58.8% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 38.6% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 80.4% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 3.8% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 3.7% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 3.8% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 9.4% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 44.3% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 18.0% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 37.7% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (%) | 58.9% | 2024 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 57.3% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 39.0% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 16.5% | 2024 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 3.7% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 34.0% | 2025 |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 56.6% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 61.0% | 2025 |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 15.4% | 2024 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 2.0% | 2024 |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 11.9% | 2025 |
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 79.0% | 2022 |
| Female Literacy Rate (%) | 76.5% | 2022 |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 81.4% | 2022 |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 93.4% | 2022 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 106.5% | 2024 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 64.3% | 2024 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 23.7% | 2024 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 94.3% | 2024 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 73.8% | 2024 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 918,575 | 2024 |
| Primary School Teachers | 383,624 | 2024 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 571,690 | 2024 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 30 | 2018 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 35 | 2018 |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 44.6% | 2012 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 66.2 | 2009 |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 64.3% | 2016 |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 33.3% | 2016 |
Health
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 0.7 | 2024 |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 124 | 2024 |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 297 | 2022 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 603 | 2022 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 1.5% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 25.0% | 2021 |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 99.5% | 2023 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 28.4% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 42.4 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 14.5% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 18,834 | 2023 |
| Arable Land (%) | 60.6% | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 5.6% | 2024 |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 8.0% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 98.8% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 67.6% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 72.3% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 5,160 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 125.2 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 119.1 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 153.1 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 12.5M | 2023 |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 2.1M | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 391.9 | 2023 |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 10.4% | 2023 |
| Agricultural Irrigated Land (%) | 89.0% | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 34.2% | 2022 |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 64.3M | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 44.5% | 2023 |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 114 | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 7.9 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 527.1 | 2024 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 74 | 2021 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 373 | 2021 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 7,056 | 2022 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 9.4% | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $702.9M | 2024 |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 1,338 | 2021 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 6.6M | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 98.9 | 2023 |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 3.2M | 2022 |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 2,877 | 2019 |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 1,053 | 2016 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.60 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 25.2% | 2022 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 20.9% | 2023 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 38.4% | 2024 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 34.7% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 109.3% | 2018 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 73.2 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 105.54 | 2018 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 1.24 | 2021 |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 1.02 | 2021 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -1.12 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.7 | 2023 |
| Political Stability | -0.91 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | -0.91 | 2023 |
| Rule of Law | -0.5 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | -0.75 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 14.6% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 26.9% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 33.5% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 15.6% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 0.9% | 2024 |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $4.03B | 2024 |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 227,000 | 2020 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 0.3% | 2020 |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 6.9% | 2024 |
Poverty & Inequality
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 5.9% | 2022 |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 20.5% | 2022 |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 71.5% | 2022 |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 18.7% | 2022 |
| Gini Index | 30.9 | 2022 |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 25.5% | 2022 |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 3.7% | 2022 |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 40.1% | 2022 |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 8.8% | 2022 |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 1.0% | 2022 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Social Insurance Coverage (%) | 1.2% | 2022 |
| Social Assistance Coverage (%) | 54.4% | 2022 |
| Labor Market Programs Coverage (%) | 1.6% | 2022 |
| Social Protection Coverage (%) | 55.6% | 2022 |
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.46 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.48 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.45 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 6.0 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 323,000 | 2019 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $217.9M | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $659.0M | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 0.6% | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $900,000 | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 2.8% | 2024 |
| Population in Largest City | 24.7M | 2025 |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 42.2% | 2025 |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 17.3% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 51.5% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | 0.4% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 59.1% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 37.3% | 2024 |
Explore Rankings
See where Bangladesh ranks globally across key indicators
Compare Bangladesh
Side-by-side economic comparison with other major economies
Similar Economies
Countries in the same region (South Asia) or income group (Lower middle income)
