Ghana
Capital: AccraRegion: Sub-Saharan Africa Income: Lower middle income
Ghana's GDP is $113.49B (2026), with a population of 34.4M, and GDP per capita of $3,179. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 4.8%, inflation at 9.9%, government debt at 56.1% of GDP, life expectancy of 65.5 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators. Explore Ghana's full economic profile with 440+ indicators, interactive charts, and historical data below.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook
Economy
Financial Markets
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Exchange Rate (per USD) | 11.09 | 2026 |
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 9.9% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 56.1% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -1.9% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 1.7% | 2026 |
| Total Investment (% of GDP) | 12.6% | 2026 |
| Gross National Savings (% of GDP) | 14.7% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 22.8% | 2024 |
| Deposit Interest Rate (%) | 11.4% | 2023 |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 15.6% | 2022 |
| Government Expenditure (% of GDP) | 22.7% | 2022 |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 12.3% | 2022 |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 32.5% | 2022 |
| Taxes on International Trade (% of revenue) | 10.2% | 2022 |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 39.8% | 2022 |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 3.0% | 2022 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $3.62B | 2023 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 1.4 | 2023 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 14.18 | 2024 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 4.23 | 2024 |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 29.9% | 2023 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 69.8% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 35.5% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 34.3% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $29.20B | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $28.24B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $20.22B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $15.24B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 2.1% | 2024 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 0.0% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $1.77B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $3.03B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 3.7% | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 2.1% | 2023 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 2.0% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $1.68B | 2024 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 46.9% | 2024 |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $37.41B | 2024 |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 3.4% | 2024 |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $23.59B | 2024 |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $4.66B | 2024 |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 2.1% | 2023 |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $1.57B | 2023 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 9.4% | 2023 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP) | 9.2% | 2024 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (USD) | $7.58B | 2024 |
| Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP) | 0.1% | 2024 |
| Listed Domestic Companies | 30 | 2024 |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 5.2% | 2023 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 20.6% | 2023 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 81.2% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 78.3% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 84.4% | 2024 |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 14.1% | 2023 |
Business Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 28 | 2023 |
Private Sector
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 22.7% | 2023 |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 35.0% | 2023 |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 19.8% | 2023 |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 49.8% | 2023 |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 17 years | 2023 |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 55.7% | 2023 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 34.4M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | 1.9% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 148 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 238,539 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 227,533 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 58.4% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 20.1M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 41.6% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 65.5 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 63.1 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 67.9 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 3.4 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 26.3 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 7 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | -17,079 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 35.8% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 60.5% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 3.7% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 65.4% | 2024 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 6.1% | 2024 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 59.2% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 267.4 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 192.8 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 13.3M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 58.5% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 55.3% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 61.8% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 3.0% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 3.2% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 2.8% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 5.8% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 34.6% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 18.3% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 47.2% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (%) | 63.6% | 2022 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 60.0% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 32.5% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 49.3% | 2022 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 7.5% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 47.6% | 2025 |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 56.8% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 67.5% | 2025 |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 27.6% | 2022 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 2.9% | 2022 |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 13.2% | 2022 |
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 76.5% | 2021 |
| Female Literacy Rate (%) | 72.1% | 2021 |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 81.3% | 2021 |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 91.5% | 2021 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 98.2% | 2022 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 77.8% | 2022 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 22.1% | 2023 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 93.4% | 2022 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 74.8% | 2019 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 472,753 | 2021 |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 427,902 | 2021 |
| Primary School Teachers | 172,817 | 2021 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 195,899 | 2021 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 27 | 2019 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 15 | 2019 |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 21.7% | 2014 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 88.4 | 2021 |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 37.0% | 2014 |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 18.3% | 2014 |
Health
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 0.7 | 2024 |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 24 | 2024 |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 359 | 2022 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 553 | 2022 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 34.9% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 39.0% | 2021 |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 89.5% | 2023 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 32.8% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 54.2 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 35.2% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 80,074 | 2023 |
| Arable Land (%) | 20.7% | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 7.7% | 2024 |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 0.1% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 89.9% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 31.6% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 55.4% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 2,688 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 135.5 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 137.1 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 119.2 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 2.1M | 2023 |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 384,370 | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 28.9 | 2023 |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 6.3% | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 4.8% | 2022 |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 5.8M | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 69.9% | 2023 |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 99 | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 0.6 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 48.9 | 2024 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 12 | 2020 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 8 | 2020 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 3,075 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $20.8M | 2023 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 1.4% | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $130.8M | 2024 |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 924 | 2020 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 440,680 | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 0 | 2019 |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 1.2M | 2022 |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 953 | 2006 |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 181 | 2006 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.50 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 1.3% | 2022 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 14.5% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 62.1% | 2022 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 26.3% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 104.5% | 2019 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 58.2 | 2023 |
| Women Who Believe Husband Can Beat Wife (%) | 19.3% | 2022 |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 103.91 | 2019 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 1.00 | 2020 |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 1.02 | 2020 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.1 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.09 | 2023 |
| Political Stability | -0.02 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | -0.18 | 2023 |
| Rule of Law | -0.1 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | 0.41 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 51.4% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 47.2% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 49.5% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 45.5% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 0.4% | 2024 |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $268.7M | 2024 |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 16,000 | 2020 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 0.1% | 2020 |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 1.8% | 2024 |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 1.8 | 2022 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.45 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.46 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.44 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 6.0 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $191.0M | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $946.0M | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 0.9% | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $81.0M | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 2.8% | 2024 |
| Population in Largest City | 4.0M | 2025 |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 19.5% | 2025 |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 19.5% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 33.5% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | 0.5% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 42.9% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 18.8% | 2024 |
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