Egypt, Arab Rep.
EGYMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & PakistanLower middle incomeCapital: CairoEconomy
Fiscal
People
Health
Education
Trade
Energy / Env
Tech
Governance
Equality
Infra
Labor
76/80 indicators · percentile vs world (IMF / WB / WHO)underover
GDP
$429.64B
2026▲ 17.8%
Population
116.5M
2024▲ 1.7%
GDP per Capita
$3,904
2026▲ 15.5%
Life Expectancy
71.6 years
2023▲ 0.9%
Egypt, Arab Rep. in world space2000–2023
192 countries · log scale on X world Egypt, Arab Rep.· trajectory line: 1980 → today
▶About Egypt, Arab Rep.
Egypt, Arab Rep.'s GDP is $429.64B (2026), with a population of 118.4M, and GDP per capita of $3,904. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 4.2%, inflation at 13.2%, unemployment at 7.4%, government debt at 87.0% of GDP, life expectancy of 71.8 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators.
▶Economy30 indicators · 2021–2026 · IMF / WB
▶Financial Markets1 indicator · 2026 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exchange Rate (per USD) | 50.52 | 2026 | — | WB |
▶Fiscal & Monetary14 indicators · 2024–2026 · IMF / WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 13.2% | 2026 | ▼ 35.3% | IMF |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 87.0% | 2026 | ▲ 0.2% | IMF |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -12.1% | 2026 | ▼ 83.3% | IMF |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -4.2% | 2026 | ▲ 0.0% | IMF |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 7.4% | 2026 | ▲ 1.4% | IMF |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 28.3% | 2024 | ▼ 16.6% | WB |
| Real Interest Rate (%) | -7.0% | 2024 | ▼ 24.6% | WB |
| Lending Interest Rate (%) | 24.3% | 2024 | ▲ 36.8% | WB |
| Deposit Interest Rate (%) | 19.2% | 2024 | ▲ 51.4% | WB |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $44.92B | 2024 | ▲ 35.8% | WB |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 4.5 | 2024 | ▲ 17.2% | WB |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 45.3 | 2024 | ▲ 47.9% | WB |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 6.25 | 2024 | ▲ 30.5% | WB |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 83.7% | 2024 | ▼ 4.3% | WB |
▶Trade15 indicators · 2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 39.6% | 2024 | ▼ 2.1% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 16.4% | 2024 | ▼ 14.3% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 23.2% | 2024 | ▲ 8.8% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $63.71B | 2024 | ▼ 15.8% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $90.36B | 2024 | ▲ 6.9% | WB |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $42.25B | 2024 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $85.99B | 2024 | ▲ 3.3% | WB |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 12.0% | 2024 | ▲ 381.7% | WB |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 0.1% | 2024 | ▲ 32.5% | WB |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $46.58B | 2024 | ▲ 373.3% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $29.56B | 2024 | ▲ 51.3% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 7.6% | 2024 | ▲ 54.0% | WB |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 3.8% | 2024 | ▲ 20.6% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -5.7% | 2024 | ▼ 80.3% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $-22.26B | 2024 | ▼ 77.1% | WB |
▶External Debt7 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 42.0% | 2024 | ▼ 5.5% | WB |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $155.97B | 2024 | ▼ 7.3% | WB |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 8.9% | 2024 | ▲ 56.7% | WB |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $97.26B | 2024 | — | WB |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $15.12B | 2024 | ▼ 21.7% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 0.1% | 2023 | ▼ 90.0% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $480.1M | 2023 | ▼ 91.7% | WB |
▶Finance9 indicators · 2024–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 27.6% | 2024 | ▼ 5.8% | WB |
| Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP) | 10.9% | 2024 | ▼ 22.0% | WB |
| Stock Market Capitalization (USD) | $42.60B | 2024 | ▼ 23.3% | WB |
| Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP) | 5.2% | 2024 | ▲ 4.0% | WB |
| Listed Domestic Companies | 246 | 2024 | ▲ 2.1% | WB |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 43.1% | 2024 | ▲ 57.1% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 40.2% | 2024 | ▲ 66.2% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 46.0% | 2024 | ▲ 50.3% | WB |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 8.9% | 2025 | — | WB |
▶Business Environment1 indicator · 2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 30 | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Private Sector6 indicators · 2020–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 0.4% | 2025 | — | WB |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 16.9% | 2025 | — | WB |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 6.3% | 2025 | — | WB |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 7.7% | 2025 | — | WB |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 13 years | 2025 | — | WB |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 39.1% | 2020 | — | WB |
▶People23 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 116.5M | 2024 | ▲ 1.7% | WB |
| Population Growth (%) | 1.7% | 2024 | ▲ 2.7% | WB |
| Population Density (per km²) | 115 | 2023 | ▲ 1.7% | WB |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 1.0M | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Land Area (sq km) | 995,450 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Urban Population (%) | 42.8% | 2024 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Urban Population (total) | 49.9M | 2024 | ▲ 2.0% | WB |
| Rural Population (%) | 57.2% | 2024 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 71.6 years | 2023 | ▲ 0.9% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 69.5 years | 2023 | ▲ 1.0% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 73.8 years | 2023 | ▲ 0.8% | WB |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 2.8 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 21 | 2023 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 5.5 | 2023 | ▼ 3.8% | WB |
| Net Migration | -57,305 | 2025 | ▼ 146.3% | WB |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 32.0% | 2024 | ▼ 1.4% | WB |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 62.9% | 2024 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 5.1% | 2024 | ▲ 3.0% | WB |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 59.0% | 2024 | ▼ 1.2% | WB |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 8.1% | 2024 | ▲ 2.5% | WB |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 50.9% | 2024 | ▼ 1.8% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 164.9 | 2023 | ▼ 6.9% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 100.9 | 2023 | ▼ 7.3% | WB |
▶Labor20 indicators · 2024–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 36.1M | 2025 | ▲ 2.2% | WB |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 44.6% | 2025 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 18.5% | 2025 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 70.5% | 2025 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Unemployment (%) | 6.8% | 2025 | ▼ 0.5% | WB |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 15.3% | 2025 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 4.6% | 2025 | ▼ 1.1% | WB |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 18.3% | 2025 | ▲ 5.8% | WB |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 17.5% | 2025 | ▼ 2.5% | WB |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 29.4% | 2025 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Employment in Services (%) | 53.1% | 2025 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| Self-Employed (%) | 48.0% | 2024 | ▲ 7.4% | WB |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 23.9% | 2025 | ▼ 0.6% | WB |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 73.0% | 2025 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 15.4% | 2024 | ▲ 13.8% | WB |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 3.0% | 2025 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 20.6% | 2025 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 41.5% | 2025 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 27.0% | 2025 | ▼ 0.5% | WB |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 23.8% | 2024 | ▼ 3.2% | WB |
▶Education16 indicators · 2018–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 79.5% | 2022 | ▼ 3.2% | WB |
| Female Literacy Rate (%) | 73.3% | 2022 | ▼ 3.2% | WB |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 85.3% | 2022 | ▼ 3.2% | WB |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 95.2% | 2022 | ▼ 1.5% | WB |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 96.7% | 2024 | ▲ 0.8% | WB |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 84.8% | 2024 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 38.0% | 2025 | ▲ 1.2% | WB |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 98.2% | 2024 | ▲ 4.7% | WB |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 83.9% | 2024 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 559,709 | 2024 | ▼ 19.0% | WB |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 270,649 | 2024 | ▼ 18.4% | WB |
| Primary School Teachers | 483,053 | 2024 | ▼ 3.6% | WB |
| Secondary School Teachers | 507,445 | 2024 | ▼ 11.2% | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 24 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 15 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 99.8 | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Health41 indicators · 2004–2025 · WHO
▶Energy & Environment16 indicators · 2021–2024 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 2.5 | 2024 | ▲ 3.9% | WB |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 292 | 2024 | ▲ 5.7% | WB |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 928 | 2023 | ▲ 2.9% | WB |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 1,493 | 2023 | ▲ 1.0% | WB |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 12.2% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 6.1% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 100.0% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 99.9% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 43.1 | 2023 | — | WB |
| Forest Area (%) | 0.0% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 450 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Arable Land (%) | 3.1% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 11.5% | 2024 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 4.6% | 2024 | ▼ 8.0% | WB |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 97.3% | 2024 | ▼ 0.1% | WHO |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 97.1% | 2024 | ▲ 0.2% | WHO |
▶Agriculture11 indicators · 2022–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 4.1% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 7,402 | 2023 | ▲ 4.5% | WB |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 109.1 | 2022 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 105.3 | 2022 | ▲ 1.0% | WB |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 119.4 | 2022 | ▼ 2.8% | WB |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 3.2M | 2023 | ▲ 1.7% | WB |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 448,718 | 2023 | ▲ 1.9% | WB |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 532.8 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 9.4% | 2023 | ▲ 6.8% | WB |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 7750.0% | 2022 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 23.4M | 2023 | ▲ 6.3% | WB |
▶Technology13 indicators · 2021–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 72.7% | 2023 | ▲ 0.7% | WB |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 93 | 2023 | ▲ 2.4% | WB |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 10.9 | 2023 | ▲ 1.7% | WB |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 82.2 | 2024 | ▲ 54.2% | WB |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 1.03% | 2023 | ▲ 1.4% | WB |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 881 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 1,343 | 2021 | ▲ 9.3% | WB |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 24,025 | 2022 | ▲ 12.4% | WB |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $887.7M | 2024 | ▲ 27.4% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 5.8% | 2024 | ▲ 34.4% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $1.71B | 2024 | ▲ 18.0% | WB |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 2,252 | 2021 | ▲ 28.0% | WB |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 845 | 2023 | ▲ 1.9% | WB |
▶Infrastructure8 indicators · 2010–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 16.7M | 2023 | ▲ 37.2% | WB |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 492.7 | 2023 | ▼ 3.8% | WB |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 7.8M | 2022 | ▲ 7.5% | WB |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 5,153 | 2016 | — | WB |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 1,592 | 2010 | — | WB |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 3.10 | 2022 | — | WB |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 11.4% | 2023 | ▲ 33.1% | WB |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Gender8 indicators · 2018–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 27.7% | 2024 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 23.8% | 2024 | ▲ 30.5% | WB |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 69.7% | 2025 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 102.4% | 2018 | — | WB |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 41.8 | 2023 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 101.78 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 0.99 | 2019 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 1.01 | 2019 | — | WB |
▶Governance10 indicators · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.75 | 2023 | ▼ 10.1% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.24 | 2023 | ▲ 46.6% | WB |
| Political Stability | -0.87 | 2023 | ▲ 11.4% | WB |
| Regulatory Quality | -0.67 | 2023 | ▲ 6.8% | WB |
| Rule of Law | -0.18 | 2023 | ▲ 30.7% | WB |
| Voice & Accountability | -1.38 | 2023 | ▲ 4.9% | WB |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 24.5% | 2023 | ▼ 8.8% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 42.0% | 2023 | ▲ 21.9% | WB |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 44.3% | 2023 | ▲ 3.3% | WB |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 16.6% | 2023 | ▲ 13.4% | WB |
▶Military5 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 0.7% | 2024 | ▼ 17.8% | WB |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $2.40B | 2024 | ▼ 24.3% | WB |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 836,000 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 2.8% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 2.9% | 2024 | ▼ 30.2% | WB |
▶Poverty & Inequality12 indicators · 2021 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 1.4% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 7.1% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 58.5% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 33.5% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Gini Index | 28.5 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 24.6% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 4.2% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 38.6% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 9.7% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Shared Prosperity Premium (%) | 1.9% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day) | 9.03 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 0.2% | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Social Protection7 indicators · 2019–2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social Assistance Coverage (%) | 87.8% | 2019 | — | — |
| Labor Market Programs Coverage (%) | 1.1% | 2019 | — | — |
| Social Protection Coverage (%) | 87.9% | 2019 | — | — |
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.49 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.51 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.48 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 6.5 years | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Tourism5 indicators · 2019–2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 13.0M | 2019 | — | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $4.87B | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $2.58B | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 12.2% | 2020 | — | WB |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $476.0M | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Urban Development8 indicators · 2022–2025 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 1.9% | 2024 | ▲ 4.1% | WB |
| Population in Largest City | 23.1M | 2025 | ▲ 2.0% | WB |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 45.4% | 2025 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 24.4% | 2025 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 3.8% | 2022 | ▲ 326.6% | WB |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | 1.6% | 2024 | ▲ 1.4% | WB |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 78.9% | 2024 | ▲ 0.8% | WHO |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 57.3% | 2024 | ▲ 5.7% | WHO |
