Iraq
Capital: BaghdadRegion: Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & PakistanIncome: Upper middle income
Iraq's GDP is $273.91B (2026), with a population of 46.0M, and GDP per capita of $5,873. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 3.6%, inflation at 2.5%, government debt at 58.0% of GDP, life expectancy of 72.3 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators. Explore Iraq's full economic profile with 440+ indicators, interactive charts, and historical data below.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook
Economy
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 2.5% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 58.0% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -7.1% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -1.1% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | -12.3% | 2024 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $100.69B | 2024 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 11.2 | 2024 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 1,300 | 2024 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 545.87 | 2024 |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 47.9% | 2024 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 70.7% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 37.5% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 33.2% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $104.89B | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $92.84B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $100.99B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $87.41B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | -2.7% | 2024 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 0.2% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $-7.65B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $696.3M | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 0.2% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 3.0% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $8.37B | 2024 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 6.2% | 2024 |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $17.52B | 2024 |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 1.2% | 2024 |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $9.09B | 2024 |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $3.56B | 2024 |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 0.7% | 2023 |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $2.01B | 2023 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 14.0% | 2024 |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 11.8% | 2023 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 14.7% | 2023 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 30.2% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 18.8% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 40.8% | 2024 |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 0.9% | 2022 |
Business Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 19 | 2022 |
Private Sector
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 51.0% | 2022 |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 3.8% | 2022 |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 1.6% | 2022 |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 16.8% | 2022 |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 20 years | 2022 |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 44.0% | 2022 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 46.0M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | 2.1% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 104 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 435,050 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 434,130 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 69.9% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 32.2M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 30.1% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 72.3 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 70.4 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 74.1 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 3.2 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 25.7 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 4.1 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | -1,064 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 36.6% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 60.0% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 3.4% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 66.7% | 2024 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 5.7% | 2024 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 61.0% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 154.7 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 110.4 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 12.5M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 41.5% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 10.9% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 72.6% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 15.5% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 30.1% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 13.3% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 32.0% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 8.2% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 26.5% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 65.3% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (%) | 39.7% | 2021 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 27.1% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 68.3% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 21.3% | 2021 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 4.5% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 13.3% | 2025 |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 35.1% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 31.7% | 2025 |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 36.9% | 2021 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 84.1% | 2021 |
| Female Literacy Rate (%) | 77.8% | 2021 |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 90.3% | 2021 |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 92.4% | 2021 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 104.6% | 2007 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 50.6% | 2007 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 63.6% | 2007 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 44.9% | 2007 |
| Primary School Teachers | 286,890 | 2007 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 148,363 | 2007 |
Health
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 5.2 | 2024 |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 239 | 2024 |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 1,412 | 2022 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 1,373 | 2022 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 3.8% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 1.1% | 2021 |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 100.0% | 2023 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 99.5% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 38.2 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 1.9% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 8,250 | 2023 |
| Arable Land (%) | 11.4% | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 1.5% | 2024 |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 0.3% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 98.4% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 98.5% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 21.8% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 2,749 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 106.4 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 104.2 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 112 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 1.9M | 2023 |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 42,144 | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 50.5 | 2023 |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 14.9% | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 120.5% | 2022 |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 5.2M | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 81.7% | 2023 |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 101 | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 17.2 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 34.5 | 2024 |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 0.04% | 2021 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 635 | 2020 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 98 | 2020 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 13,408 | 2022 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 0.9% | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $92.4M | 2024 |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 81 | 2018 |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 164 | 2021 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 3.8M | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 0 | 2019 |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 932,729 | 2019 |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 2,370 | 2014 |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 249 | 2010 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.40 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 47.6% | 2022 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 28.9% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 10.8% | 2021 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 62.7% | 2025 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 58 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 0.75 | 2007 |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 0.84 | 2007 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -1.32 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | -1.39 | 2023 |
| Political Stability | -2.41 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | -1.44 | 2023 |
| Rule of Law | -1.69 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | -0.96 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 8.5% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 8.5% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 3.8% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 2.4% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 2.4% | 2024 |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $6.18B | 2024 |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 459,000 | 2020 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 4.4% | 2020 |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 4.9% | 2024 |
Poverty & Inequality
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 0.5% | 2023 |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 2.4% | 2023 |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 28.0% | 2023 |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 17.5% | 2023 |
| Gini Index | 29.8 | 2023 |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 24.2% | 2023 |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 3.7% | 2023 |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 38.9% | 2023 |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 8.9% | 2023 |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 0.1% | 2023 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.41 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.42 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.40 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 4.0 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $955.0M | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $4.17B | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 1.9% | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 2.2% | 2024 |
| Population in Largest City | 8.1M | 2025 |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 24.8% | 2025 |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 24.6% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 49.3% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | 2.1% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 59.8% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 50.9% | 2024 |
Explore Rankings
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