Belarus
Capital: MinskRegion: Europe & Central AsiaIncome: Upper middle income
Belarus's GDP is $90.56B (2026), with a population of 9.1M, and GDP per capita of $10,016. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 1.4%, inflation at 7.5%, unemployment at 2.9%, government debt at 36.7% of GDP, life expectancy of 74.2 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators. Explore Belarus's full economic profile with 440+ indicators, interactive charts, and historical data below.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook
Economy
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 7.5% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 36.7% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | 1.2% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -3.1% | 2026 |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 2.9% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 5.8% | 2024 |
| Real Interest Rate (%) | 1.1% | 2024 |
| Lending Interest Rate (%) | 10.0% | 2024 |
| Deposit Interest Rate (%) | 5.6% | 2024 |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 27.9% | 2023 |
| Government Expenditure (% of GDP) | 28.5% | 2023 |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 12.7% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 27.8% | 2023 |
| Taxes on International Trade (% of revenue) | 9.8% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 2.1% | 2023 |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 1.8% | 2023 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $8.91B | 2024 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 2 | 2024 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 3.25 | 2024 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 0.82 | 2024 |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 30.7% | 2021 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 131.9% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 65.1% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 66.9% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $49.42B | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $50.78B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $40.33B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $45.70B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 2.3% | 2024 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 0.2% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $1.74B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $1.38B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 1.8% | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 6.0% | 2021 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -2.6% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $-1.94B | 2024 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 46.1% | 2024 |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $34.22B | 2024 |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 7.2% | 2024 |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $16.05B | 2024 |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $1.33B | 2024 |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 0.2% | 2023 |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $114.8M | 2023 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit by Financial Sector (% of GDP) | 40.7% | 2021 |
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 29.2% | 2021 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP) | 7.9% | 2024 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (USD) | $6.01B | 2024 |
| Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP) | 0.0% | 2024 |
| Listed Domestic Companies | 12 | 2024 |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 12.7% | 2023 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 5.0% | 2023 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 81.2% | 2017 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 81.3% | 2017 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 80.9% | 2017 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 9.1M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | -0.5% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 45 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 207,629 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 202,983 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 79.2% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 7.2M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 20.8% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 74.2 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 69.5 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 79.1 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 1.2 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 7.1 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 13.3 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | -3,020 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 16.3% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 66.0% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 17.7% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 51.4% | 2024 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 26.8% | 2024 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 24.7% | 2024 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 4.8M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 62.7% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 56.8% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 69.9% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 3.4% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 2.7% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 4.1% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 9.2% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 9.5% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 31.1% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 59.5% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (%) | 69.6% | 2024 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 6.3% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 93.2% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 14.1% | 2024 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 0.5% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 49.2% | 2025 |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 60.6% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 6.8% | 2025 |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 65.7% | 2024 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 5.0% | 2023 |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 13.2% | 2024 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 96.8% | 2024 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 94.8% | 2024 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 70.1% | 2024 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 95.8% | 2024 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 100.8% | 2024 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 20,600 | 2024 |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 12,179 | 2024 |
| Primary School Teachers | 22,228 | 2024 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 71,514 | 2024 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 19 | 2018 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 9 | 2018 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 97.9 | 2023 |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 50.5% | 2017 |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 16.5% | 2017 |
Health
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 5.9 | 2024 |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 54 | 2024 |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 2,862 | 2022 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 3,903 | 2022 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 3.1% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 8.2% | 2021 |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 100.0% | 2023 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 99.7% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 14.6 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 43.4% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 88,111 | 2023 |
| Arable Land (%) | 27.4% | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 9.4% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 99.9% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 99.7% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 39.6% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 3,414 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 102.5 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 93.2 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 109.9 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 2.1M | 2023 |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 554 | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 198.9 | 2023 |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 2.5% | 2023 |
| Agricultural Irrigated Land (%) | 0.3% | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 4.2% | 2022 |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 7.1M | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 94.3% | 2024 |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 129 | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 35.1 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 12,729.5 | 2024 |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 0.58% | 2023 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 276 | 2021 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 110 | 2021 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 1,519 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $922.2M | 2021 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 31.4% | 2021 |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $3.24B | 2021 |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 273 | 2021 |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 1,504 | 2023 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 1.3M | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 5.6 | 2023 |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 5,474 | 2021 |
| Railways, Passengers (million km) | 4,486 | 2021 |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 44,478 | 2021 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.70 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 4.6% | 2022 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 17.3% | 2022 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 33.6% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 65.7% | 2024 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 93.3% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 94.2% | 2018 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 8.6 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 94.11 | 2018 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 0.98 | 2021 |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 1.00 | 2021 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.67 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.99 | 2023 |
| Political Stability | -0.73 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | -1.42 | 2023 |
| Rule of Law | -1.25 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | -1.67 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 26.9% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 15.1% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 11.3% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 18.5% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 2.1% | 2024 |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $1.49B | 2024 |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 158,000 | 2020 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 3.2% | 2020 |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 50.7% | 2024 |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 2.4 | 2019 |
Poverty & Inequality
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 0.0% | 2020 |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 0.1% | 2020 |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 2.6% | 2020 |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 3.9% | 2022 |
| Gini Index | 24.4 | 2020 |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 20.7% | 2020 |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 4.5% | 2020 |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 34.8% | 2020 |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 10.3% | 2020 |
| Shared Prosperity Premium (%) | 2.6% | 2020 |
| Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day) | 20.55 | 2020 |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 0.0% | 2020 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Social Insurance Coverage (%) | 47.7% | 2019 |
| Social Assistance Coverage (%) | 47.2% | 2019 |
| Social Protection Coverage (%) | 71.8% | 2019 |
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.70 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.73 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.67 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 10.8 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 3.6M | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Departures | 2.8M | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $542.0M | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $477.0M | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 1.5% | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $187.0M | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | -0.1% | 2024 |
| Population in Largest City | 2.1M | 2025 |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 28.7% | 2025 |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 22.8% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 0.0% | 2019 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | -2.1% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 93.1% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 74.4% | 2024 |
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