Ghana
GHASub-Saharan Africa Lower middle incomeCapital: AccraEconomy
Fiscal
People
Health
Education
Trade
Energy / Env
Tech
Governance
Equality
Infra
Labor
73/80 indicators · percentile vs world (IMF / WB / WHO)underover
GDP
$117
2027▲ 3.3%
Population
34.4M
2024▲ 1.9%
GDP per Capita
$3,227
2027▲ 1.5%
Life Expectancy
65.5 years
2023▲ 0.4%
Ghana in world space2000–2023
192 countries · log scale on X world Ghana· trajectory line: 1980 → today
▶About Ghana
Ghana's GDP is $113.49B (2026), with a population of 34.4M, and GDP per capita of $3,179. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 4.8%, inflation at 9.9%, government debt at 56.1% of GDP, life expectancy of 65.5 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators.
Economically, this Sub-Saharan African nation is classified as lower middle income. Accra serves as the capital and economic hub. The projected GDP for 2026 is 113.494 billion USD, with a growth rate of 4.8%. GDP per capita is expected to reach 3179.324 USD by 2026. Inflation is projected at 9.9% for the same year. Trade is significant, with trade to GDP ratio at 69.788% in 2024. Unemployment is relatively low, at 2.979% in 2025. Socially, the population is approximately 34.4 million as of 2024. Life expectancy stands at 65.5 years in 2023. The society benefits from a diverse cultural landscape and a growing economy, contributing to its social dynamics.
▶Economy30 indicators · 2021–2027 · IMF / WB
▶Financial Markets1 indicator · 2026 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exchange Rate (per USD) | 11.12 | 2026 | — | WB |
▶Fiscal & Monetary20 indicators · 2022–2027 · IMF / WB
▶Trade15 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 69.8% | 2024 | ▲ 8.4% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 35.5% | 2024 | ▲ 11.7% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 34.3% | 2024 | ▲ 5.2% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $29.20B | 2024 | ▲ 14.1% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $28.24B | 2024 | ▲ 7.5% | WB |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $20.22B | 2024 | ▲ 21.1% | WB |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $15.24B | 2024 | ▲ 8.8% | WB |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 2.1% | 2024 | ▲ 31.0% | WB |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 0.0% | 2024 | ▼ 52.3% | WB |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $1.77B | 2024 | ▲ 33.8% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $3.03B | 2024 | ▲ 23.3% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 3.7% | 2024 | ▲ 20.7% | WB |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 2.1% | 2023 | ▲ 7.8% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 2.0% | 2024 | ▲ 323.9% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $1.68B | 2024 | ▲ 328.8% | WB |
▶External Debt7 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 46.9% | 2024 | ▼ 15.2% | WB |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $37.41B | 2024 | ▼ 10.3% | WB |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 3.4% | 2024 | ▼ 32.6% | WB |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $23.59B | 2024 | — | WB |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $4.66B | 2024 | ▲ 28.5% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 2.1% | 2023 | ▲ 44.3% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $1.57B | 2023 | ▲ 49.7% | WB |
▶Finance11 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 9.4% | 2023 | ▼ 28.9% | WB |
| Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP) | 9.2% | 2024 | ▲ 19.4% | WB |
| Stock Market Capitalization (USD) | $7.58B | 2024 | ▲ 22.0% | WB |
| Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP) | 0.1% | 2024 | ▲ 170.9% | WB |
| Listed Domestic Companies | 30 | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 5.2% | 2023 | ▼ 32.5% | WB |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 20.6% | 2023 | ▲ 39.1% | WB |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 81.2% | 2024 | ▲ 19.1% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 78.3% | 2024 | ▲ 25.1% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 84.4% | 2024 | ▲ 13.8% | WB |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 14.1% | 2023 | — | WB |
▶Business Environment1 indicator · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 28 | 2023 | — | WB |
▶Private Sector6 indicators · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 22.7% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 35.0% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 19.8% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 49.8% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 17 years | 2023 | — | WB |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 55.7% | 2023 | — | WB |
▶People23 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 34.4M | 2024 | ▲ 1.9% | WB |
| Population Growth (%) | 1.9% | 2024 | ▼ 1.8% | WB |
| Population Density (per km²) | 148 | 2023 | ▲ 1.9% | WB |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 238,539 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Land Area (sq km) | 227,533 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Urban Population (%) | 58.4% | 2024 | ▲ 1.0% | WB |
| Urban Population (total) | 20.1M | 2024 | ▲ 2.9% | WB |
| Rural Population (%) | 41.6% | 2024 | ▼ 1.3% | WB |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 65.5 years | 2023 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 63.1 years | 2023 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 67.9 years | 2023 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 3.4 | 2023 | ▼ 1.1% | WB |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 26.3 | 2023 | ▼ 1.1% | WB |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 7 | 2023 | ▼ 0.8% | WB |
| Net Migration | -17,079 | 2025 | ▼ 30.2% | WB |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 35.8% | 2024 | ▼ 1.0% | WB |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 60.5% | 2024 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 3.7% | 2024 | ▲ 2.1% | WB |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 65.4% | 2024 | ▼ 1.2% | WB |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 6.1% | 2024 | ▲ 1.6% | WB |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 59.2% | 2024 | ▼ 1.5% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 267.4 | 2023 | ▼ 0.5% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 192.8 | 2023 | ▼ 1.8% | WB |
▶Labor20 indicators · 2022–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 13.3M | 2025 | ▲ 1.5% | WB |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 58.5% | 2025 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 55.3% | 2025 | ▼ 0.8% | WB |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 61.8% | 2025 | ▼ 1.0% | WB |
| Unemployment (%) | 3.0% | 2025 | ▲ 5.6% | WB |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 3.2% | 2025 | ▲ 3.6% | WB |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 2.8% | 2025 | ▲ 7.8% | WB |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 5.8% | 2025 | ▲ 9.0% | WB |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 34.6% | 2025 | ▼ 1.7% | WB |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 18.3% | 2025 | ▲ 2.1% | WB |
| Employment in Services (%) | 47.2% | 2025 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Self-Employed (%) | 63.6% | 2022 | ▲ 10.8% | WB |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 60.0% | 2025 | ▼ 0.6% | WB |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 32.5% | 2025 | ▲ 1.2% | WB |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 49.3% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 7.5% | 2025 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 47.6% | 2025 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 56.8% | 2025 | ▼ 1.1% | WB |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 67.5% | 2025 | ▼ 0.6% | WB |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 27.6% | 2022 | ▲ 21.4% | WB |
▶Education21 indicators · 2014–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 2.9% | 2022 | ▼ 14.4% | WB |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 13.2% | 2022 | ▲ 8.3% | WB |
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 76.5% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Female Literacy Rate (%) | 72.1% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 81.3% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 91.5% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 98.2% | 2022 | ▼ 1.2% | WB |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 77.8% | 2022 | ▲ 2.1% | WB |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 22.1% | 2023 | ▲ 8.1% | WB |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 93.4% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 74.8% | 2019 | — | WB |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 472,753 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 427,902 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Primary School Teachers | 172,817 | 2021 | ▼ 6.9% | WB |
| Secondary School Teachers | 195,899 | 2021 | ▼ 5.8% | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 27 | 2019 | — | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 15 | 2019 | — | WB |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 21.7% | 2014 | — | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 88.4 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 37.0% | 2014 | — | WB |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 18.3% | 2014 | — | WB |
▶Health41 indicators · 2019–2024 · WHO
▶Energy & Environment16 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 0.7 | 2024 | ▲ 2.1% | WB |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 24 | 2024 | ▲ 4.1% | WB |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 359 | 2022 | ▼ 0.8% | WB |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 553 | 2022 | ▲ 1.9% | WB |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 34.9% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 39.0% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 89.5% | 2023 | ▲ 5.2% | WB |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 32.8% | 2023 | ▲ 4.1% | WB |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 54.2 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Forest Area (%) | 35.2% | 2023 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 80,074 | 2023 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Arable Land (%) | 20.7% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 7.7% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 0.1% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 89.9% | 2024 | ▲ 1.2% | WHO |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 31.6% | 2024 | ▲ 4.2% | WHO |
▶Agriculture11 indicators · 2022–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 55.4% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 2,688 | 2023 | ▲ 10.4% | WB |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 135.5 | 2022 | ▲ 3.8% | WB |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 137.1 | 2022 | ▲ 4.0% | WB |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 119.2 | 2022 | ▲ 2.7% | WB |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 2.1M | 2023 | ▲ 1.6% | WB |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 384,370 | 2023 | ▼ 13.5% | WB |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 28.9 | 2023 | ▼ 22.0% | WB |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 6.3% | 2023 | ▲ 6.8% | WB |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 4.8% | 2022 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 5.8M | 2023 | ▲ 12.2% | WB |
▶Technology11 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 69.9% | 2023 | ▲ 0.8% | WB |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 99 | 2023 | ▼ 18.2% | WB |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 0.6 | 2023 | ▼ 11.1% | WB |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 48.9 | 2024 | ▲ 1.6% | WB |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 12 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 8 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 3,075 | 2022 | ▲ 20.1% | WB |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $20.8M | 2023 | ▼ 0.5% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 1.4% | 2024 | ▼ 31.3% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $130.8M | 2024 | ▼ 27.2% | WB |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 924 | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Infrastructure8 indicators · 2006–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 440,680 | 2023 | ▼ 19.6% | WB |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 0 | 2019 | — | WB |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 1.2M | 2022 | ▼ 22.5% | WB |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 953 | 2006 | — | WB |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 181 | 2006 | — | WB |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.50 | 2022 | — | WB |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 1.3% | 2022 | ▼ 51.6% | WB |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Gender9 indicators · 2019–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 14.5% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 62.1% | 2022 | ▲ 18.5% | WB |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 26.3% | 2025 | ▲ 1.6% | WB |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 104.5% | 2019 | — | WB |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 58.2 | 2023 | ▼ 1.0% | WB |
| Women Who Believe Husband Can Beat Wife (%) | 19.3% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 103.91 | 2019 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 1.00 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 1.02 | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Governance10 indicators · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.1 | 2023 | ▼ 53.8% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.09 | 2023 | ▲ 12.9% | WB |
| Political Stability | -0.02 | 2023 | ▲ 88.9% | WB |
| Regulatory Quality | -0.18 | 2023 | ▼ 1.0% | WB |
| Rule of Law | -0.1 | 2023 | ▼ 25.3% | WB |
| Voice & Accountability | 0.41 | 2023 | ▲ 2.5% | WB |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 51.4% | 2023 | ▼ 2.7% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 47.2% | 2023 | ▼ 2.0% | WB |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 49.5% | 2023 | ▼ 3.7% | WB |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 45.5% | 2023 | ▲ 10.9% | WB |
▶Military6 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 0.4% | 2024 | ▼ 3.5% | WB |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $268.7M | 2024 | ▼ 5.8% | WB |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 16,000 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 0.1% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 1.8% | 2024 | ▼ 12.8% | WB |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 1.8 | 2022 | ▼ 1.3% | WB |
▶Social Protection4 indicators · 2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.45 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.46 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.44 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 6.0 years | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Tourism4 indicators · 2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $191.0M | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $946.0M | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 0.9% | 2020 | — | WB |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $81.0M | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Urban Development8 indicators · 2022–2025 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 2.8% | 2024 | ▼ 1.4% | WB |
| Population in Largest City | 4.0M | 2025 | ▲ 3.4% | WB |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 19.5% | 2025 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 19.5% | 2025 | ▲ 1.1% | WB |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 33.5% | 2022 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | 0.5% | 2024 | ▼ 9.0% | WB |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 42.9% | 2024 | ▲ 3.4% | WHO |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 18.8% | 2024 | ▲ 3.5% | WHO |
