Egypt, Arab Rep.
Capital: CairoRegion: Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & PakistanIncome: Lower middle income
GDP
$399.51B
2026
Population
116.5M
2024
GDP per Capita
$4K
2026
Life Expectancy
71.6 years
2023
Economy
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| GDP (Current USD, Billions) | $399.51B | 2026 |
| Real GDP Growth (%) | 4.5% | 2026 |
| GDP per Capita (USD) | $4K | 2026 |
| GDP, PPP (Billions Intl $) | $2.53T | 2026 |
| GDP per Capita, PPP (Intl $) | $23K | 2026 |
| Share of World GDP, PPP (%) | 1.16% | 2026 |
| GNI (Current USD) | $371.52B | 2024 |
| GNI per Capita (USD) | $4K | 2024 |
| GNI per Capita, PPP (USD) | $18K | 2024 |
| Industry Value Added (% of GDP) | 32.6% | 2024 |
| Services Value Added (% of GDP) | 48.9% | 2024 |
| Agriculture Value Added (% of GDP) | 13.7% | 2024 |
| Government Consumption (% of GDP) | 6.3% | 2024 |
| Household Consumption (% of GDP) | 87.6% | 2024 |
| Gross Capital Formation (% of GDP) | 13.0% | 2024 |
| Gross Savings (% of GNI) | 9.3% | 2024 |
| GDP Deflator (%) | 33.7% | 2024 |
| GDP per Person Employed (USD) | $59K | 2024 |
| Manufacturing Value Added (% of GDP) | 13.9% | 2024 |
| Medium/High-Tech Manufacturing (% of total) | 18.8% | 2022 |
| Adjusted Net National Income per Capita (USD) | $3K | 2021 |
| Adjusted Net Savings (% of GNI) | -1.1% | 2021 |
| External Balance on Goods & Services (% of GDP) | -6.8% | 2024 |
| Coal Rents (% of GDP) | 0.00% | 2021 |
| Mineral Rents (% of GDP) | 0.00% | 2021 |
| Oil Rents (% of GDP) | 2.99% | 2021 |
| Natural Gas Rents (% of GDP) | 2.05% | 2021 |
| Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP) | 5.1% | 2021 |
| Forest Rents (% of GDP) | 0.11% | 2021 |
| Industry Value Added (Current USD) | $126.69B | 2024 |
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 11.8% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 85.0% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -10.7% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -4.3% | 2026 |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 7.3% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 28.3% | 2024 |
| Lending Interest Rate (%) | 24.3% | 2024 |
| Deposit Interest Rate (%) | 19.2% | 2024 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $44.92B | 2024 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 4.5 | 2024 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 45.30 | 2024 |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 83.7% | 2024 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 39.6% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 23.2% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $63.71B | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $90.36B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $42.25B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $85.99B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 12.0% | 2024 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 0.1% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $46.58B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $29.56B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 7.6% | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 3.8% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -5.7% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $-22.26B | 2024 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 42.0% | 2024 |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $155.97B | 2024 |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 8.9% | 2024 |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $97.26B | 2024 |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $15.12B | 2024 |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 0.1% | 2023 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 27.6% | 2024 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP) | 10.9% | 2024 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (USD) | $42.60B | 2024 |
| Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP) | 5.2% | 2024 |
| Listed Domestic Companies | 246 | 2024 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 43.1% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 40.2% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 46.0% | 2024 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 116.5M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | 1.7% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 115 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 1.0M | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 995,450 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 42.8% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 49.9M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 57.2% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 71.6 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 69.5 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 73.8 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 2.8 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 21.0 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 5.5 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | -57,305 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 32.0% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 62.9% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 5.1% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 59.0% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 164.9 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 100.9 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 36.1M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 44.6% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 18.5% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 70.5% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 6.8% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 15.3% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 4.6% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 18.3% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 17.5% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 29.4% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 53.1% | 2025 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 23.9% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 73.0% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 15.4% | 2024 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 3.0% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 20.6% | 2025 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 79.5% | 2022 |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 85.3% | 2022 |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 95.2% | 2022 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 96.7% | 2024 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 84.8% | 2024 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 38.0% | 2025 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 98.2% | 2024 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 83.9% | 2024 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 559,709 | 2024 |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 270,649 | 2024 |
| Primary School Teachers | 483,053 | 2024 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 507,445 | 2024 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 24 | 2018 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 15 | 2018 |
Health
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Health Spending (% of GDP) | 4.9% | 2023 |
| Health Spending per Capita (USD) | $141 | 2023 |
| Government Health Spending (% of GDP) | 1.6% | 2023 |
| Out-of-Pocket Health Spending (% of total) | 57.2% | 2023 |
| Physicians (per 1,000 people) | 0.7 | 2020 |
| Hospital Beds (per 1,000) | 1.1 | 2021 |
| Infant Mortality (per 1,000 live births) | 17.5 | 2023 |
| Under-5 Mortality, Female (per 1,000) | 16.3 | 2023 |
| Under-5 Mortality, Male (per 1,000) | 18.6 | 2023 |
| Cause of Death, Communicable (%) | 9.6% | 2019 |
| Cause of Death, Non-Communicable (%) | 85.6% | 2019 |
| Cause of Death, Injury (%) | 4.8% | 2019 |
| Measles Immunization (% of children) | 97.0% | 2024 |
| DPT Immunization (% of children) | 97.0% | 2024 |
| HIV Incidence (per 1,000) | 0.10 | 2024 |
| Tuberculosis Incidence (per 100,000) | 10 | 2024 |
| Stunting, Children Under 5 (%) | 12.8% | 2021 |
| Overweight, Children Under 5 (%) | 10.1% | 2021 |
| Smoking Prevalence, Males (%) | 49.1% | 2022 |
| Smoking Prevalence, Females (%) | 0.4% | 2022 |
| Suicide Mortality Rate (per 100,000) | 0.6 | 2021 |
| Alcohol Consumption (liters per capita) | 0.1 | 2020 |
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 928 | 2023 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 1,493 | 2023 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 12.2% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 6.1% | 2021 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 99.9% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 54.9 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 0.0% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 450 | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 11.5% | 2024 |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 4.6% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 97.3% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 97.1% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 4.1% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 7,402 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 109.1 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 105.3 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 119.4 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 3.2M | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 532.8 | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 7750.0% | 2022 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 72.7% | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 10.9 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 82.2 | 2024 |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 1.03% | 2023 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 881 | 2021 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 1,343 | 2021 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 24,025 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $887.7M | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 5.8% | 2024 |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 2,252 | 2021 |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 845 | 2023 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 16.7M | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 492.7 | 2023 |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 7.8M | 2022 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 3.10 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 11.4% | 2023 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 27.7% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 23.8% | 2024 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 69.7% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 102.4% | 2018 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 41.8 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 0.99 | 2019 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.75 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.24 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | -0.67 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | -1.38 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 24.5% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 42.0% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 44.3% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 16.6% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 0.7% | 2024 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 2.8% | 2020 |
Poverty & Inequality
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 1.4% | 2021 |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 7.1% | 2021 |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 58.5% | 2021 |
| Gini Index | 28.5 | 2021 |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 24.6% | 2021 |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 4.2% | 2021 |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 38.6% | 2021 |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 9.7% | 2021 |
| Shared Prosperity Premium (%) | 1.9% | 2021 |
| Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day) | 9.03 | 2021 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Social Assistance Coverage (%) | 87.8% | 2019 |
| Labor Market Programs Coverage (%) | 1.1% | 2019 |
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.49 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.51 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.48 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 6.5 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 13.0M | 2019 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $4.87B | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $2.58B | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 12.2% | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $476.0M | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population in Largest City | 23.1M | 2025 |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 24.4% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 3.8% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | 1.6% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 57.3% | 2024 |