Viet Nam
Capital: HanoiRegion: East Asia & PacificIncome: Lower middle income
Viet Nam's GDP is $511.06B (2026), with a population of 101.0M, and GDP per capita of $4,965. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 5.6%, inflation at 3.2%, unemployment at 2.5%, government debt at 31.8% of GDP, life expectancy of 74.6 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators. Explore Viet Nam's full economic profile with 440+ indicators, interactive charts, and historical data below.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook
Economy
Financial Markets
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Exchange Rate (per USD) | 26,253.63 | 2026 |
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 3.2% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 31.8% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -2.3% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 2.4% | 2026 |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 2.5% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 3.6% | 2024 |
| Real Interest Rate (%) | 7.1% | 2023 |
| Lending Interest Rate (%) | 9.3% | 2023 |
| Deposit Interest Rate (%) | 4.8% | 2023 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $83.08B | 2024 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 2.4 | 2024 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 24,164.89 | 2024 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 6,956.93 | 2024 |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 136.3% | 2022 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 173.9% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 90.2% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 83.7% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $429.48B | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $398.77B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $404.82B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $380.51B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 4.2% | 2024 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 0.1% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $20.17B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $16.00B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 3.4% | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 44.3% | 2023 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 5.9% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $28.05B | 2024 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 28.8% | 2024 |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $132.91B | 2024 |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 7.3% | 2024 |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $27.07B | 2024 |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $1.85B | 2024 |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 0.2% | 2023 |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $831.2M | 2023 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 125.0% | 2022 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP) | 43.0% | 2024 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (USD) | $204.62B | 2024 |
| Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP) | 33.7% | 2024 |
| Listed Domestic Companies | 393 | 2024 |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 7.9% | 2022 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 2.3% | 2022 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 70.6% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 69.9% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 71.2% | 2024 |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 29.2% | 2023 |
Business Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 7 | 2023 |
Private Sector
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 25.5% | 2023 |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 24.8% | 2023 |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 19.4% | 2023 |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 8.7% | 2023 |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 13 years | 2023 |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 37.1% | 2023 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 101.0M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | 0.6% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 320 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 331,338 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 313,429 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 38.5% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 38.9M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 61.5% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 74.6 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 69.9 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 79.3 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 1.9 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 13.8 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 6.6 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | -48,171 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 23.2% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 67.7% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 9.0% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 47.6% | 2024 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 13.4% | 2024 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 34.3% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 180.8 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 73.8 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 57.0M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 72.8% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 68.6% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 77.3% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 1.5% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 1.4% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 1.7% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 6.2% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 25.0% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 34.8% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 40.1% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (%) | 72.4% | 2024 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 51.4% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 46.7% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 19.5% | 2024 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 1.9% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 48.8% | 2025 |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 71.7% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 53.3% | 2025 |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 10.3% | 2024 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 2.9% | 2022 |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 15.4% | 2022 |
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 96.1% | 2022 |
| Female Literacy Rate (%) | 95.1% | 2022 |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 97.2% | 2022 |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 99.1% | 2022 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 106.3% | 2024 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 93.4% | 2022 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 37.6% | 2024 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 100.6% | 2024 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 95.2% | 2024 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 144,562 | 2024 |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 105,509 | 2021 |
| Primary School Teachers | 380,535 | 2024 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 456,146 | 2022 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 20 | 2018 |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 29.7% | 2013 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 96.0 | 2014 |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 39.6% | 2013 |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 15.0% | 2013 |
Health
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 4.3 | 2024 |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 431 | 2024 |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 1,023 | 2022 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 2,624 | 2022 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 41.2% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 24.2% | 2021 |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 99.8% | 2023 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 98.7% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 20.8 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 47.4% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 148,708 | 2023 |
| Arable Land (%) | 21.5% | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 2.9% | 2024 |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 0.5% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 98.8% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 95.4% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 39.2% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 5,995 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 113.7 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 109.5 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 135.4 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 8.0M | 2023 |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 3.4M | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 419.9 | 2023 |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 5.3% | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 22.8% | 2022 |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 47.9M | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 84.2% | 2024 |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 131 | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 22.7 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 5,733.7 | 2024 |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 0.42% | 2021 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 1,066 | 2021 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 7,468 | 2021 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 10,530 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $132.78B | 2023 |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 2,107 | 2021 |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 768 | 2021 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 55.1M | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 927.9 | 2023 |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 20.5M | 2022 |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 3,159 | 2021 |
| Railways, Passengers (million km) | 1,516 | 2020 |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 3,759 | 2020 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 3.30 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 0.1% | 2022 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 30.6% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 68.1% | 2024 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 41.8% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 117.0% | 2018 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 34.3 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 115.27 | 2018 |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 1.02 | 2021 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.42 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | 0.13 | 2023 |
| Political Stability | -0.04 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | -0.38 | 2023 |
| Rule of Law | -0.09 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | -1.24 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 38.7% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 56.1% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 50.5% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 45.0% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Armed Forces Personnel | 522,000 | 2020 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 0.9% | 2020 |
Poverty & Inequality
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 1.6% | 2022 |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 4.2% | 2022 |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 21.5% | 2022 |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 4.2% | 2022 |
| Gini Index | 36.1 | 2022 |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 28.1% | 2022 |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 2.6% | 2022 |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 43.2% | 2022 |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 6.8% | 2022 |
| Shared Prosperity Premium (%) | 2.8% | 2022 |
| Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day) | 16.59 | 2022 |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 0.4% | 2022 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Social Insurance Coverage (%) | 12.7% | 2020 |
| Social Assistance Coverage (%) | 88.2% | 2020 |
| Labor Market Programs Coverage (%) | 1.9% | 2020 |
| Social Protection Coverage (%) | 89.4% | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.69 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.73 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.65 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 10.7 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 3.8M | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $3.23B | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $4.36B | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 1.1% | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 1.6% | 2024 |
| Population in Largest City | 9.8M | 2025 |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 24.9% | 2025 |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 19.9% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 32.5% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | 0.0% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 58.6% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 45.4% | 2024 |
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