Brunei Darussalam
Capital: Bandar Seri BegawanRegion: East Asia & PacificIncome: High income
Brunei Darussalam's GDP is $16.46B (2026), with a population of 462,721, and GDP per capita of $35,414. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 2.4%, inflation at 0.6%, unemployment at 4.7%, government debt at 2.3% of GDP, life expectancy of 75.3 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators. Explore Brunei Darussalam's full economic profile with 440+ indicators, interactive charts, and historical data below.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook
Economy
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 0.6% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 2.3% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -11.5% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 16.6% | 2026 |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 4.7% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | -0.4% | 2024 |
| Real Interest Rate (%) | 8.6% | 2024 |
| Lending Interest Rate (%) | 5.5% | 2024 |
| Deposit Interest Rate (%) | 0.4% | 2024 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $4.41B | 2024 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 5.5 | 2024 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 1.34 | 2024 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 0.49 | 2024 |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 83.7% | 2024 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 132.6% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 74.3% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 58.3% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $11.39B | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $8.95B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $11.24B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $7.29B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 0.2% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $29.1M | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 1.1% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 14.5% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $2.23B | 2024 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit by Financial Sector (% of GDP) | 65.1% | 2024 |
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 37.7% | 2024 |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 9.7% | 2022 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 2.8% | 2022 |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 15.9% | 2025 |
Business Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 11 | 2025 |
Private Sector
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 8.2% | 2025 |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 56.8% | 2025 |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 37.9% | 2025 |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 35.3% | 2025 |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 38 years | 2025 |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 45.6% | 2025 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 462,721 | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | 0.8% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 87 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 5,770 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 5,270 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 74.9% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 346,570 | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 25.1% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 75.3 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 73.3 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 77.6 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 1.7 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 13.6 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 5.2 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | 0 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 20.8% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 72.3% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 6.9% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 38.3% | 2024 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 9.5% | 2024 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 28.8% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 137.5 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 94.4 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 237,763 | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 64.2% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 54.4% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 72.8% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 5.3% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 5.3% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 5.3% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 18.2% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 1.2% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 20.4% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 78.4% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (%) | 64.3% | 2024 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 4.5% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 92.7% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 9.3% | 2024 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 2.8% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 39.5% | 2025 |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 60.8% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 7.3% | 2025 |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 19.0% | 2024 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 96.9% | 2023 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 91.8% | 2023 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 36.4% | 2023 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 101.7% | 2023 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 99.5% | 2023 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 233 | 2023 |
| Primary School Teachers | 3,849 | 2023 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 5,040 | 2023 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 10 | 2018 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 8 | 2018 |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 19.5% | 2016 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 97.0 | 2019 |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 60.8% | 2016 |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 18.9% | 2016 |
Health
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 20.2 | 2024 |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 9 | 2024 |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 9,537 | 2022 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 11,197 | 2022 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 100.0% | 2023 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 100.0% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 7.6 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 72.1% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 3,800 | 2023 |
| Arable Land (%) | 0.8% | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 7.5% | 2024 |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 0.0% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 100.0% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 100.0% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 2.5% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 2,467 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 119.3 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 97.3 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 123.1 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 1,500 | 2023 |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 17,696 | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 177.3 | 2023 |
| Agricultural Irrigated Land (%) | 8.2% | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 1.1% | 2022 |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 3,700 | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 99.0% | 2023 |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 127 | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 20.2 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 16,128.5 | 2024 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 2 | 2021 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 137 | 2021 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 414 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $29.0M | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 3.6% | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $14.8M | 2024 |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 1 | 2017 |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 506 | 2022 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 820,886 | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 45.9 | 2023 |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 106,174 | 2020 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.71 | 2018 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 0.8% | 2022 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 11.8% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 55.3% | 2024 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 91.2% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 101.0% | 2018 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 8.5 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 100.55 | 2018 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 1.03 | 2020 |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 1.00 | 2020 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | 1.28 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | 1.4 | 2023 |
| Political Stability | 1.37 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | 0.98 | 2023 |
| Rule of Law | 0.89 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | -0.72 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 88.7% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 90.1% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 79.2% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 96.7% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 3.6% | 2024 |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $558.6M | 2024 |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 8,000 | 2020 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 3.6% | 2020 |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 12.1% | 2024 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.63 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.64 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.61 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 9.2 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 1.1M | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $190.0M | 2018 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $585.0M | 2018 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 2.7% | 2018 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 0.9% | 2024 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 21.6% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | 0.5% | 2024 |
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