China
Capital: BeijingRegion: East Asia & PacificIncome: Upper middle income
China's GDP is $20.65T (2026), with a population of 1.41B, and GDP per capita of $14,730. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 4.2%, inflation at 0.7%, unemployment at 5.1%, government debt at 102.3% of GDP, life expectancy of 78.0 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators. Explore China's full economic profile with 440+ indicators, interactive charts, and historical data below.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook
Economy
Stock Markets
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Shanghai Composite | 3,880.1 | 2026 |
Financial Markets
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Central Bank Policy Rate (%) | 2.90% | 2024 |
| Exchange Rate (per USD) | 6.9 | 2026 |
Currencies
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| USD/CNY | 6.8819 | 2026 |
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 0.7% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 102.3% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -8.5% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 2.8% | 2026 |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 5.1% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 0.2% | 2024 |
| Real Interest Rate (%) | 5.1% | 2024 |
| Lending Interest Rate (%) | 4.3% | 2024 |
| Deposit Interest Rate (%) | 1.5% | 2024 |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 15.1% | 2023 |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 7.6% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 31.2% | 2023 |
| Taxes on International Trade (% of revenue) | 1.4% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 18.1% | 2023 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $3.46T | 2024 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 11.2 | 2024 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 7.2 | 2024 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 3.53 | 2024 |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 227.5% | 2024 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 37.2% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 20.0% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 17.2% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $3.75T | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $3.22T | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $3.58T | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $2.58T | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 0.1% | 2024 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 0.9% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $18.56B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $31.41B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 0.2% | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 26.3% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 2.3% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $423.92B | 2024 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 13.0% | 2024 |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $2.42T | 2024 |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 1.9% | 2024 |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $471.97B | 2024 |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $47.22B | 2024 |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | -0.0% | 2023 |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $-267.2M | 2023 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 194.2% | 2024 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP) | 62.7% | 2024 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (USD) | $11.76T | 2024 |
| Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP) | 186.1% | 2024 |
| Listed Domestic Companies | 11,231 | 2024 |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 7.8% | 2021 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 1.7% | 2021 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 89.4% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 89.2% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 89.6% | 2024 |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 12.7% | 2024 |
Business Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 6 | 2024 |
Private Sector
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 0.3% | 2024 |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 44.0% | 2024 |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 19.6% | 2024 |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 79.1% | 2024 |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 6 years | 2024 |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 12.2% | 2024 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 1.41B | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | -0.1% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 150 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 9.6M | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 9.4M | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 65.9% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 928.4M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 34.1% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 78.0 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 75.2 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 80.9 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 1 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 6.4 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 7.9 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | -268,126 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 16.0% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 69.3% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 14.7% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 44.2% | 2024 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 21.2% | 2024 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 23.1% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 107.9 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 55.3 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 767.6M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 64.6% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 59.1% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 69.9% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 4.6% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 4.0% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 5.1% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 15.8% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 21.7% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 31.8% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 46.5% | 2025 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 33.4% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 62.3% | 2025 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 4.3% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 45.4% | 2025 |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 61.6% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 37.7% | 2025 |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 12.7% | 2000 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 4.0% | 2023 |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 11.9% | 2023 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 99.6% | 2024 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 92.3% | 2012 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 76.9% | 2024 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 103.5% | 2010 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 103.6% | 2012 |
| Primary School Teachers | 6.7M | 2024 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 7.4M | 2024 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 16 | 2018 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 13 | 2018 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 96.8 | 2020 |
Health
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 9.3 | 2024 |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 13,125 | 2024 |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 2,851 | 2023 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 6,524 | 2023 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 28.4% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 15.2% | 2021 |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 100.0% | 2023 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 88.7% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 34.8 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 24.0% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 2.3M | 2023 |
| Arable Land (%) | 11.5% | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 14.7% | 2024 |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 4.8% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 96.1% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 97.3% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 55.4% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 6,418 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 111.8 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 111.8 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 109.5 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 100.0M | 2023 |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 13.4M | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 394 | 2023 |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 2.5% | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 20.2% | 2022 |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 641.7M | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 92.0% | 2024 |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 128 | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 44.7 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 1,413.3 | 2024 |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 2.56% | 2022 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 1.4M | 2021 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 159,019 | 2021 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 898,949 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $856.76B | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 16.9% | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $65.03B | 2024 |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 785,857 | 2021 |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 1,849 | 2022 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 619.2M | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 26,170.4 | 2023 |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 269.0M | 2022 |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 109,767 | 2021 |
| Railways, Passengers (million km) | 946,499 | 2021 |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 3.0M | 2019 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 3.70 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 0.1% | 2023 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 4.6% | 2023 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 26.5% | 2024 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 64.6% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 103.3% | 2018 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 5.2 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 102.56 | 2018 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 1.00 | 2010 |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 1.01 | 2021 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.01 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | 0.68 | 2023 |
| Political Stability | -0.51 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | -0.36 | 2023 |
| Rule of Law | -0.04 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | -1.5 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 54.2% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 73.6% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 52.8% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 25.1% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 1.7% | 2024 |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $313.66B | 2024 |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 2.5M | 2020 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 0.3% | 2020 |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 5.1% | 2024 |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 0.5 | 2020 |
Poverty & Inequality
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 0.0% | 2022 |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 0.5% | 2022 |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 21.5% | 2022 |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 0.0% | 2020 |
| Gini Index | 36 | 2022 |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 28.4% | 2022 |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 3.1% | 2022 |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 43.7% | 2022 |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 7.3% | 2022 |
| Shared Prosperity Premium (%) | 5.2% | 2021 |
| Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day) | 17.13 | 2021 |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 0.0% | 2022 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.65 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.66 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.65 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 9.3 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 30.4M | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Departures | 20.3M | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 0.4% | 2024 |
| Population in Largest City | 30.5M | 2025 |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 3.3% | 2025 |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 32.7% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 26.3% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | -1.2% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 68.9% | 2024 |
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