Thailand
Capital: BangkokRegion: East Asia & PacificIncome: Upper middle income
Thailand's GDP is $561.51B (2026), with a population of 71.7M, and GDP per capita of $7,979. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 1.6%, inflation at 0.7%, unemployment at 1.0%, government debt at 66.7% of GDP, life expectancy of 76.4 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators. Explore Thailand's full economic profile with 440+ indicators, interactive charts, and historical data below.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook
Economy
Stock Markets
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| SET Index | 1,454 | 2026 |
Financial Markets
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Exchange Rate (per USD) | 32.66 | 2026 |
Currencies
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| USD/THB | 32.64 | 2026 |
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 0.7% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 66.7% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -2.5% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 1.3% | 2026 |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 1.0% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 1.4% | 2024 |
| Real Interest Rate (%) | 3.2% | 2024 |
| Lending Interest Rate (%) | 4.2% | 2024 |
| Deposit Interest Rate (%) | 1.6% | 2024 |
| Government Debt (% of GDP) | 62.2% | 2024 |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 20.3% | 2024 |
| Government Expenditure (% of GDP) | 20.8% | 2023 |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 15.3% | 2024 |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 41.7% | 2024 |
| Taxes on International Trade (% of revenue) | 2.8% | 2024 |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 29.9% | 2024 |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 2.3% | 2024 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $236.93B | 2024 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 7.5 | 2024 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 35.29 | 2024 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 10.49 | 2024 |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 141.7% | 2024 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 136.7% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 70.0% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 66.7% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $368.82B | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $351.17B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $300.53B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $306.81B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 2.7% | 2024 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 1.4% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $14.30B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $9.46B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 1.8% | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 28.3% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 2.2% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $11.62B | 2024 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 37.5% | 2024 |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $191.83B | 2024 |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 3.5% | 2024 |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $30.30B | 2024 |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $5.28B | 2024 |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 0.0% | 2023 |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $85.0M | 2023 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit by Financial Sector (% of GDP) | 196.5% | 2024 |
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 148.0% | 2024 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP) | 98.7% | 2024 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (USD) | $519.67B | 2024 |
| Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP) | 57.3% | 2024 |
| Listed Domestic Companies | 860 | 2024 |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 10.6% | 2023 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 2.8% | 2023 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 91.8% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 92.7% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 90.9% | 2024 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 71.7M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | -0.0% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 140 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 513,115 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 510,890 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 61.9% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 44.3M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 38.1% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 76.4 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 72.2 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 80.9 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 1.2 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 8.2 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 8.9 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | 27,509 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 14.7% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 69.9% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 15.4% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 43.1% | 2024 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 22.0% | 2024 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 21.1% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 227.9 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 97 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 40.9M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 66.7% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 59.0% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 75.0% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 0.8% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 0.8% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 0.8% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 4.5% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 28.6% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 22.2% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 49.2% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (%) | 67.8% | 2024 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 48.0% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 49.3% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 18.6% | 2024 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 2.7% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 45.8% | 2025 |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 66.2% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 50.7% | 2025 |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 12.8% | 2024 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 2.5% | 2023 |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 12.6% | 2025 |
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 91.1% | 2022 |
| Female Literacy Rate (%) | 91.5% | 2022 |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 90.7% | 2022 |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 98.2% | 2022 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 100.7% | 2025 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 92.1% | 2025 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 49.1% | 2025 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 107.1% | 2025 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 95.7% | 2025 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 36,067 | 2025 |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 27,087 | 2025 |
| Primary School Teachers | 305,368 | 2025 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 243,991 | 2025 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 17 | 2018 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 26 | 2018 |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 41.1% | 2013 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 98.5 | 2017 |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 29.8% | 2013 |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 15.6% | 2013 |
Health
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 4 | 2024 |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 284 | 2024 |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 1,851 | 2023 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 2,965 | 2023 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 19.9% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 19.0% | 2021 |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 100.0% | 2023 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 86.8% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 31 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 38.7% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 197,650 | 2023 |
| Arable Land (%) | 31.0% | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 13.4% | 2024 |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 5.0% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 100.0% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 99.4% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 43.8% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 3,072 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 104.2 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 106.6 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 103.3 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 12.5M | 2023 |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 1.5M | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 287.3 | 2023 |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 4.6% | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 25.5% | 2022 |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 38.5M | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 90.9% | 2024 |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 169 | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 15.7 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 3,150 | 2024 |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 1.16% | 2022 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 867 | 2021 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 7,375 | 2021 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 18,491 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $61.35B | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 0.7% | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $518.7M | 2024 |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 4,323 | 2021 |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 1,863 | 2022 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 51.9M | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 1,649.9 | 2023 |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 10.5M | 2022 |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 4,092 | 2017 |
| Railways, Passengers (million km) | 6,020 | 2017 |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 2,562 | 2011 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 3.50 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 1.7% | 2023 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 19.4% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 59.8% | 2024 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 50.2% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 96.8% | 2018 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 26.1 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 96.93 | 2018 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 1.06 | 2022 |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 0.99 | 2022 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.49 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | 0.17 | 2023 |
| Political Stability | -0.28 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | 0.16 | 2023 |
| Rule of Law | 0.24 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | -0.45 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 35.8% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 58.5% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 57.5% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 36.0% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 1.1% | 2024 |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $5.52B | 2024 |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 455,000 | 2020 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 1.1% | 2020 |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 4.5% | 2024 |
Poverty & Inequality
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 0.0% | 2023 |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 0.1% | 2023 |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 9.9% | 2023 |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 5.4% | 2022 |
| Gini Index | 33.5 | 2023 |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 26.1% | 2023 |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 3.4% | 2023 |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 41.5% | 2023 |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 7.9% | 2023 |
| Shared Prosperity Premium (%) | 1.9% | 2023 |
| Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day) | 20.38 | 2023 |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 0.0% | 2023 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Social Insurance Coverage (%) | 4.5% | 2021 |
| Social Assistance Coverage (%) | 87.1% | 2021 |
| Social Protection Coverage (%) | 87.2% | 2021 |
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.61 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.63 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.59 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 8.7 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 39.9M | 2019 |
| International Tourism, Departures | 10.4M | 2019 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $15.36B | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $3.68B | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 6.0% | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $1.16B | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 1.5% | 2024 |
| Population in Largest City | 11.4M | 2025 |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 25.3% | 2025 |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 21.7% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 2.0% | 2019 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | -2.5% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 26.7% | 2024 |
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