Malaysia
Capital: Kuala LumpurRegion: East Asia & PacificIncome: Upper middle income
Malaysia's GDP is $505.36B (2026), with a population of 35.6M, and GDP per capita of $14,762. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 4.0%, inflation at 2.2%, unemployment at 3.0%, government debt at 70.5% of GDP, life expectancy of 76.7 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators. Explore Malaysia's full economic profile with 440+ indicators, interactive charts, and historical data below.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook
Economy
Stock Markets
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| KLCI | 1,695.5 | 2026 |
Financial Markets
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Exchange Rate (per USD) | 4.03 | 2026 |
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 2.2% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 70.5% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -3.6% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 1.8% | 2026 |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 3.0% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 1.8% | 2024 |
| Real Interest Rate (%) | 4.5% | 2024 |
| Lending Interest Rate (%) | 5.3% | 2024 |
| Deposit Interest Rate (%) | 2.6% | 2024 |
| Government Debt (% of GDP) | 64.3% | 2023 |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 17.3% | 2023 |
| Government Expenditure (% of GDP) | 17.0% | 2023 |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 12.6% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 19.8% | 2023 |
| Taxes on International Trade (% of revenue) | 1.6% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 49.4% | 2023 |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 5.3% | 2023 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $116.23B | 2024 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 4.5 | 2024 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 4.58 | 2024 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 1.4 | 2024 |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 120.8% | 2024 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 137.4% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 71.3% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 66.0% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $301.22B | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $278.76B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $330.42B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $300.36B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 3.7% | 2024 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 3.1% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $15.59B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $1.61B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 0.4% | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 58.6% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 1.7% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $7.15B | 2024 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 0.0% | 2023 |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $6.6M | 2023 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 116.1% | 2024 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP) | 106.5% | 2024 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (USD) | $449.47B | 2024 |
| Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP) | 39.3% | 2024 |
| Listed Domestic Companies | 1,031 | 2024 |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 7.6% | 2023 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 1.7% | 2023 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 88.7% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 88.2% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 89.1% | 2024 |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 32.4% | 2024 |
Business Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 13 | 2024 |
Private Sector
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 4.9% | 2024 |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 38.6% | 2024 |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 25.5% | 2024 |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 37.0% | 2024 |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 13 years | 2024 |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 32.5% | 2024 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 35.6M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | 1.2% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 107 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 330,411 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 328,550 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 76.9% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 27.3M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 23.1% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 76.7 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 74.3 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 79.4 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 1.6 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 12.4 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 5.2 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | 166,615 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 21.8% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 70.5% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 7.7% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 41.9% | 2024 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 11.0% | 2024 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 30.9% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 152.2 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 83.8 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 18.7M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 66.1% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 51.6% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 79.2% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 3.8% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 3.9% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 3.7% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 12.0% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 9.2% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 26.0% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 64.9% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (%) | 69.3% | 2022 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 21.9% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 74.6% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 9.7% | 2022 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 3.5% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 37.1% | 2025 |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 63.6% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 25.4% | 2025 |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 10.2% | 2022 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 3.5% | 2023 |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 14.1% | 2023 |
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 95.8% | 2022 |
| Female Literacy Rate (%) | 94.7% | 2022 |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 96.8% | 2022 |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 98.8% | 2022 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 90.4% | 2024 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 80.3% | 2024 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 38.5% | 2024 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 87.7% | 2024 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 81.5% | 2024 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 404,724 | 2024 |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 181,582 | 2024 |
| Primary School Teachers | 273,792 | 2024 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 217,105 | 2024 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 12 | 2017 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 11 | 2018 |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 34.0% | 2018 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 85.2 | 2023 |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 41.4% | 2018 |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 21.3% | 2018 |
Health
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 8.3 | 2024 |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 296 | 2024 |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 2,867 | 2022 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 4,986 | 2022 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 17.0% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 7.5% | 2021 |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 100.0% | 2023 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 83.8% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 16.2 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 57.7% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 189,636 | 2023 |
| Arable Land (%) | 2.4% | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 8.4% | 2024 |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 4.8% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 97.9% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 96.0% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 26.1% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 3,524 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 102.8 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 97.9 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 99.7 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 615,072 | 2023 |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 1.3M | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 2,926.4 | 2023 |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 2.5% | 2023 |
| Agricultural Irrigated Land (%) | 5.2% | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 1.2% | 2022 |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 2.2M | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 98.0% | 2024 |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 143 | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 13 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 7,475.5 | 2024 |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 0.95% | 2020 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 883 | 2021 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 6,651 | 2021 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 26,506 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $134.79B | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 8.7% | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $4.62B | 2024 |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 468 | 2021 |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 712 | 2020 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 46.7M | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 1,910.1 | 2023 |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 27.3M | 2022 |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 1,655 | 2021 |
| Railways, Passengers (million km) | 929 | 2020 |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 818 | 2020 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 3.60 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 0.5% | 2022 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 13.5% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 55.8% | 2022 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 81.8% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 106.2% | 2017 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 6 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 105.26 | 2017 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 1.06 | 2021 |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 1.01 | 2020 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | 0.3 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | 0.88 | 2023 |
| Political Stability | 0.17 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | 0.66 | 2023 |
| Rule of Law | 0.57 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | 0.09 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 61.8% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 79.7% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 67.5% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 50.7% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 1.0% | 2024 |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $4.31B | 2024 |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 136,000 | 2020 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 0.8% | 2020 |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 4.5% | 2024 |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 0.7 | 2023 |
Poverty & Inequality
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 0.1% | 2021 |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 2.9% | 2021 |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 5.8% | 2023 |
| Gini Index | 40.7 | 2021 |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 30.9% | 2021 |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 2.3% | 2021 |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 46.9% | 2021 |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 5.9% | 2021 |
| Shared Prosperity Premium (%) | 3.1% | 2021 |
| Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day) | 39.7 | 2021 |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.61 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.63 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.59 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 8.9 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 4.3M | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $3.39B | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $5.21B | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 1.6% | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $382.0M | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 1.8% | 2024 |
| Population in Largest City | 9.0M | 2025 |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 32.3% | 2025 |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 25.0% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 0.2% | 2020 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | -0.8% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 94.7% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 85.8% | 2024 |
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