Malaysia · Urban PM2.5 Concentration (WHO)
18.22023
Unit: micrograms per cubic metre. Publisher measure: Concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5).
Annual population-weighted PM2.5 concentration in urban areas, matching WHO SDG11.6.2 metadata; label urban scope explicitly.
Measurement basis: model-based estimate.
Displayed values are rounded, with extra precision when needed to keep a positive estimate positive. Downloads retain the full numeric estimate and the publisher's original display text separately.
A “<” sign means strictly below the stated number. Numeric readings and uncertainty endpoints keep their own comparison signs. A number without a sign does not establish certainty or an observed outcome.
World Health Organization (Global Health Observatory); retrieved 2026-09-07. Retrieval time is separate from an official publisher release vintage.
Download this immutable source capture · Source and coverage corrections
One row per country, indicator and year, with raw values, source links and reuse notices. Thresholds have an empty numeric value and separate number/operator fields; value_kind distinguishes upper bounds from absent readings.
History and uncertainty
Charts plot numeric readings. Reported upper bounds create gaps; their values, uncertainty endpoints and source notes remain available in the table and downloads.
Reported estimates and uncertainty · 14 rows
Each comparison sign applies to its own reading or uncertainty endpoint. Values retain source precision. “Not reported” identifies an absent reading or uncertainty endpoint in this source capture.
| Country | Year | Reading | Lower endpoint | Upper endpoint | Publisher note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Malaysia | 2010 | 23.099663136 | 19.07612849 | 27.998191682 | — |
| Malaysia | 2011 | 22.790977559 | 20.081460797 | 26.51625126 | — |
| Malaysia | 2012 | 23.19134749 | 20.838500897 | 25.864150214 | — |
| Malaysia | 2013 | 23.451442924 | 20.992100514 | 25.840649076 | — |
| Malaysia | 2014 | 22.601410046 | 20.837094511 | 24.551730766 | — |
| Malaysia | 2015 | 25.292286406 | 23.55762206 | 27.854488201 | — |
| Malaysia | 2016 | 20.19790812 | 18.378733003 | 22.301163143 | — |
| Malaysia | 2017 | 19.683248662 | 17.85350995 | 21.659500053 | — |
| Malaysia | 2018 | 19.114785127 | 17.418181464 | 20.851298203 | — |
| Malaysia | 2019 | 21.672812307 | 20.107963077 | 23.179503827 | — |
| Malaysia | 2020 | 14.685674402 | 13.56138406 | 16.141628078 | — |
| Malaysia | 2021 | 15.581605818 | 14.32894935 | 16.818047808 | — |
| Malaysia | 2022 | 15.61897978 | 14.142337036 | 16.997103692 | — |
| Malaysia | 2023 | 18.215369524 | 16.676141142 | 20.042203112 | — |
One row per country, indicator and year, with raw values, source links and reuse notices. Thresholds have an empty numeric value and separate number/operator fields; value_kind distinguishes upper bounds from absent readings.