Indonesia
Capital: JakartaRegion: East Asia & PacificIncome: Upper middle income
Indonesia's GDP is $1.55T (2026), with a population of 283.5M, and GDP per capita of $5,398. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 4.9%, inflation at 2.9%, unemployment at 5.0%, government debt at 41.1% of GDP, life expectancy of 71.1 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators. Explore Indonesia's full economic profile with 440+ indicators, interactive charts, and historical data below.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook
Economy
Stock Markets
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Jakarta Composite | 7,026.78 | 2026 |
Financial Markets
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Central Bank Policy Rate (%) | 5.04% | 2025 |
| Exchange Rate (per USD) | 17,000.47 | 2026 |
Currencies
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| USD/IDR | 17,010 | 2026 |
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 2.9% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 41.1% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -2.7% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -1.2% | 2026 |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 5.0% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 2.2% | 2024 |
| Real Interest Rate (%) | 7.8% | 2024 |
| Lending Interest Rate (%) | 8.8% | 2024 |
| Deposit Interest Rate (%) | 5.4% | 2024 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $155.71B | 2024 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 5.7 | 2024 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 15,855.45 | 2024 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 4,747.91 | 2024 |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 41.8% | 2024 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 42.6% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 22.2% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 20.4% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $309.75B | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $284.70B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $264.71B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $233.66B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 1.7% | 2024 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 0.6% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $24.25B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $16.04B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 1.1% | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 8.7% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -0.6% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $-8.72B | 2024 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 31.0% | 2024 |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $421.06B | 2024 |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 5.6% | 2024 |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $224.13B | 2024 |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $8.39B | 2024 |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 0.1% | 2023 |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $1.16B | 2023 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit by Financial Sector (% of GDP) | 50.1% | 2024 |
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 36.4% | 2024 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP) | 55.3% | 2023 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (USD) | $758.30B | 2023 |
| Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP) | 8.7% | 2024 |
| Listed Domestic Companies | 903 | 2023 |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 13.4% | 2023 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 2.0% | 2023 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 56.3% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 58.0% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 54.6% | 2024 |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 28.6% | 2023 |
Business Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 5 | 2023 |
Private Sector
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 29.5% | 2023 |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 59.4% | 2023 |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 31.8% | 2023 |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 8.4% | 2023 |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 5 years | 2023 |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 55.6% | 2023 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 283.5M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | 0.8% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 149 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 1.9M | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 1.9M | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 58.8% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 166.6M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 41.2% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 71.1 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 69.0 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 73.3 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 2.1 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 15.9 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 7.5 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | -39,509 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 24.6% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 68.1% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 7.3% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 46.8% | 2024 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 10.7% | 2024 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 36.1% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 189.3 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 137.9 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 147.1M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 68.0% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 53.7% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 82.3% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 3.2% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 3.0% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 3.4% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 13.0% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 27.3% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 22.5% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 50.2% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (%) | 67.9% | 2023 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 50.0% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 46.7% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 38.2% | 2023 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 3.4% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 39.6% | 2025 |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 65.8% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 53.3% | 2025 |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 21.4% | 2023 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 1.3% | 2023 |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 10.6% | 2025 |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 93.8% | 2022 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 100.4% | 2025 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 97.2% | 2025 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 44.9% | 2023 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 100.0% | 2023 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 99.7% | 2025 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 250,575 | 2025 |
| Primary School Teachers | 1.5M | 2025 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 1.4M | 2025 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 17 | 2018 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 15 | 2018 |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 42.6% | 2015 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 98.2 | 2017 |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 27.0% | 2015 |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 15.8% | 2015 |
Health
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 2.9 | 2024 |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 812 | 2024 |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 977 | 2023 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 1,445 | 2023 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 15.5% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 20.2% | 2021 |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 99.4% | 2023 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 90.6% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 17.9 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 47.7% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 903,166 | 2023 |
| Arable Land (%) | 9.4% | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 5.2% | 2024 |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 3.0% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 89.0% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 88.2% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 29.1% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 5,829 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 117.1 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 111.4 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 190 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 12.7M | 2023 |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 7.8M | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 311.1 | 2023 |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 6.3% | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 11.0% | 2022 |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 74.0M | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 72.8% | 2024 |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 125 | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 4.8 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 2,939.5 | 2024 |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 0.28% | 2020 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 1,397 | 2021 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 7,403 | 2021 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 31,947 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $10.41B | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 9.6% | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $3.76B | 2024 |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 2,959 | 2021 |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 395 | 2020 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 97.0M | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 870.5 | 2023 |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 12.4M | 2022 |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 5,483 | 2019 |
| Railways, Passengers (million km) | 29,066 | 2019 |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 15,573 | 2019 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 3.00 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 2.0% | 2023 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 21.0% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 53.4% | 2023 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 39.6% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 100.5% | 2018 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 26.4 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 102.52 | 2018 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 1.02 | 2018 |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 0.97 | 2018 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.49 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | 0.58 | 2023 |
| Political Stability | -0.4 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | 0.3 | 2023 |
| Rule of Law | -0.15 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | 0.14 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 36.3% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 69.8% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 46.7% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 28.9% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 0.8% | 2024 |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $11.04B | 2024 |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 676,000 | 2020 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 0.5% | 2020 |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 4.6% | 2024 |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 0.3 | 2022 |
Poverty & Inequality
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 5.4% | 2024 |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 19.9% | 2024 |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 68.3% | 2024 |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 9.0% | 2024 |
| Gini Index | 34.9 | 2024 |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 28.8% | 2024 |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 3.5% | 2024 |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 43.6% | 2024 |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 8.1% | 2024 |
| Shared Prosperity Premium (%) | 1.9% | 2024 |
| Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day) | 8.24 | 2024 |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 0.8% | 2024 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Social Insurance Coverage (%) | 9.3% | 2022 |
| Social Assistance Coverage (%) | 54.6% | 2022 |
| Labor Market Programs Coverage (%) | 13.2% | 2022 |
| Social Protection Coverage (%) | 65.1% | 2022 |
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.54 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.56 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.52 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 7.8 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 4.1M | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Departures | 2.9M | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $3.53B | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $1.98B | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 2.0% | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $221.0M | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 1.9% | 2024 |
| Population in Largest City | 11.6M | 2025 |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 6.9% | 2025 |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 14.4% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 19.4% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | -0.7% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 30.5% | 2024 |
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