Indonesia · Urban PM2.5 Concentration (WHO)
17.82023
Unit: micrograms per cubic metre. Publisher measure: Concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5).
Annual population-weighted PM2.5 concentration in urban areas, matching WHO SDG11.6.2 metadata; label urban scope explicitly.
Measurement basis: model-based estimate.
Displayed values are rounded, with extra precision when needed to keep a positive estimate positive. Downloads retain the full numeric estimate and the publisher's original display text separately.
A “<” sign means strictly below the stated number. Numeric readings and uncertainty endpoints keep their own comparison signs. A number without a sign does not establish certainty or an observed outcome.
World Health Organization (Global Health Observatory); retrieved 2026-09-07. Retrieval time is separate from an official publisher release vintage.
Download this immutable source capture · Source and coverage corrections
One row per country, indicator and year, with raw values, source links and reuse notices. Thresholds have an empty numeric value and separate number/operator fields; value_kind distinguishes upper bounds from absent readings.
History and uncertainty
Charts plot numeric readings. Reported upper bounds create gaps; their values, uncertainty endpoints and source notes remain available in the table and downloads.
Reported estimates and uncertainty · 14 rows
Each comparison sign applies to its own reading or uncertainty endpoint. Values retain source precision. “Not reported” identifies an absent reading or uncertainty endpoint in this source capture.
| Country | Year | Reading | Lower endpoint | Upper endpoint | Publisher note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indonesia | 2010 | 20.724711864 | 16.584694487 | 26.264404838 | — |
| Indonesia | 2011 | 20.015296693 | 16.541857162 | 24.708233923 | — |
| Indonesia | 2012 | 20.401821524 | 16.706188882 | 25.288267143 | — |
| Indonesia | 2013 | 19.09648823 | 15.512208059 | 22.901783341 | — |
| Indonesia | 2014 | 19.26242363 | 16.007987174 | 23.133866244 | — |
| Indonesia | 2015 | 21.201284093 | 17.630731188 | 26.002542238 | — |
| Indonesia | 2016 | 17.659727161 | 14.40849207 | 22.052514789 | — |
| Indonesia | 2017 | 17.422947087 | 14.502860501 | 21.200372531 | — |
| Indonesia | 2018 | 16.709524046 | 13.848710012 | 20.390509843 | — |
| Indonesia | 2019 | 17.712932514 | 14.643688944 | 21.576020706 | — |
| Indonesia | 2020 | 13.079849619 | 10.963253463 | 15.857037103 | — |
| Indonesia | 2021 | 13.914947908 | 11.529321116 | 17.134744932 | — |
| Indonesia | 2022 | 14.207836016 | 11.66828087 | 17.260739478 | — |
| Indonesia | 2023 | 17.791241126 | 14.746501054 | 21.697831623 | — |
One row per country, indicator and year, with raw values, source links and reuse notices. Thresholds have an empty numeric value and separate number/operator fields; value_kind distinguishes upper bounds from absent readings.