Thailand
THAEast Asia & PacificUpper middle incomeCapital: BangkokEconomy
Fiscal
People
Health
Education
Trade
Energy / Env
Tech
Governance
Equality
Infra
Labor
78/80 indicators · percentile vs world (IMF / WB / WHO)underover
GDP
$581
2027▲ 3.4%
Population
71.7M
2024▼ 0.0%
GDP per Capita
$8,248
2027▲ 3.4%
Life Expectancy
76.4 years
2023▲ 1.5%
Thailand in world space2000–2023
192 countries · log scale on X world Thailand· trajectory line: 1980 → today
▶About Thailand
Thailand's GDP is $561.51B (2026), with a population of 71.7M, and GDP per capita of $7,979. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 1.6%, inflation at 0.7%, unemployment at 1.0%, government debt at 66.7% of GDP, life expectancy of 76.4 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators.
Located in East Asia & Pacific, this upper middle-income nation is projected to have a GDP of $561.509 billion in 2026, with a growth rate of 1.6%. The GDP per capita is expected to reach $7,979.199. The economy is highly trade-oriented, with trade accounting for 136.747% of GDP in 2024. Inflation is anticipated to be low at 0.7% in 2026, and the unemployment rate is projected to be 0.781% in 2025. The population is estimated to be 71,668,011 in 2024. Life expectancy stands at 76.412 years as of 2023. The capital city is Bangkok, a major hub for both commerce and tourism. The society is known for its rich cultural heritage and diverse ethnic groups.
▶Economy30 indicators · 2021–2027 · IMF / WB
▶Stock Markets1 indicator · 2026 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SET Index | 1,506.84 | 2026 | ▼ 1.7% | WB |
▶Financial Markets2 indicators · 2025–2026 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exchange Rate (per USD) | 32.06 | 2026 | — | WB |
| Exchange Rate (per EUR) | 37.12 | 2025 | ▼ 2.8% | WB |
▶Currencies1 indicator · 2026 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USD/THB | 31.98 | 2026 | ▲ 1.7% | WB |
▶Fiscal & Monetary22 indicators · 2023–2027 · IMF / WB
▶Trade15 indicators · 2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 136.7% | 2024 | ▲ 6.2% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 70.0% | 2024 | ▲ 7.0% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 66.7% | 2024 | ▲ 5.2% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $368.82B | 2024 | ▲ 9.2% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $351.17B | 2024 | ▲ 7.4% | WB |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $300.53B | 2024 | ▲ 5.4% | WB |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $306.81B | 2024 | ▲ 6.3% | WB |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 2.7% | 2024 | ▲ 35.7% | WB |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 1.4% | 2024 | ▼ 47.3% | WB |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $14.30B | 2024 | ▲ 38.5% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $9.46B | 2024 | ▼ 2.4% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 1.8% | 2024 | ▼ 4.4% | WB |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 28.3% | 2024 | ▲ 8.7% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 2.2% | 2024 | ▲ 34.3% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $11.62B | 2024 | ▲ 37.0% | WB |
▶External Debt7 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 37.5% | 2024 | ▼ 3.1% | WB |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $191.83B | 2024 | ▼ 1.5% | WB |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 3.5% | 2024 | ▼ 58.1% | WB |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $30.30B | 2024 | — | WB |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $5.28B | 2024 | ▼ 2.8% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 0.0% | 2023 | ▼ 85.4% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $85.0M | 2023 | ▼ 84.7% | WB |
▶Finance11 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit by Financial Sector (% of GDP) | 196.5% | 2024 | ▼ 0.5% | WB |
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 148.0% | 2024 | ▼ 4.0% | WB |
| Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP) | 98.7% | 2024 | ▼ 2.0% | WB |
| Stock Market Capitalization (USD) | $519.67B | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP) | 57.3% | 2024 | ▼ 13.7% | WB |
| Listed Domestic Companies | 860 | 2024 | ▲ 2.4% | WB |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 10.6% | 2023 | ▲ 2.9% | WB |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 2.8% | 2023 | ▼ 2.9% | WB |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 91.8% | 2024 | ▼ 3.9% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 92.7% | 2024 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 90.9% | 2024 | ▼ 7.8% | WB |
▶People23 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 71.7M | 2024 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| Population Growth (%) | -0.0% | 2024 | ▼ 4.7% | WB |
| Population Density (per km²) | 140 | 2023 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 513,115 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Land Area (sq km) | 510,890 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Urban Population (%) | 61.9% | 2024 | ▲ 1.5% | WB |
| Urban Population (total) | 44.3M | 2024 | ▲ 1.5% | WB |
| Rural Population (%) | 38.1% | 2024 | ▼ 2.4% | WB |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 76.4 years | 2023 | ▲ 1.5% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 72.2 years | 2023 | ▲ 1.6% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 80.9 years | 2023 | ▲ 1.3% | WB |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 1.2 | 2023 | ▼ 0.7% | WB |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 8.2 | 2023 | ▼ 1.6% | WB |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 8.9 | 2023 | ▼ 3.7% | WB |
| Net Migration | 27,509 | 2025 | ▲ 18.0% | WB |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 14.7% | 2024 | ▼ 2.3% | WB |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 69.9% | 2024 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 15.4% | 2024 | ▲ 4.4% | WB |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 43.1% | 2024 | ▲ 1.5% | WB |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 22.0% | 2024 | ▲ 4.8% | WB |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 21.1% | 2024 | ▼ 1.8% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 227.9 | 2023 | ▼ 9.4% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 97 | 2023 | ▼ 11.3% | WB |
▶Labor20 indicators · 2024–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 40.9M | 2025 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 66.7% | 2025 | ▼ 0.7% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 59.0% | 2025 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 75.0% | 2025 | ▼ 0.5% | WB |
| Unemployment (%) | 0.8% | 2025 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 0.8% | 2025 | ▼ 1.5% | WB |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 0.8% | 2025 | ▲ 1.5% | WB |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 4.5% | 2025 | ▼ 2.8% | WB |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 28.6% | 2025 | ▼ 1.5% | WB |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 22.2% | 2025 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Employment in Services (%) | 49.2% | 2025 | ▲ 0.9% | WB |
| Self-Employed (%) | 67.8% | 2024 | ▼ 0.7% | WB |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 48.0% | 2025 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 49.3% | 2025 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 18.6% | 2024 | ▼ 3.3% | WB |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 2.7% | 2025 | ▲ 0.9% | WB |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 45.8% | 2025 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 66.2% | 2025 | ▼ 0.7% | WB |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 50.7% | 2025 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 12.8% | 2024 | ▲ 2.9% | WB |
▶Education21 indicators · 2013–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 2.5% | 2023 | ▼ 3.5% | WB |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 12.6% | 2025 | ▼ 3.6% | WB |
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 91.1% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Female Literacy Rate (%) | 91.5% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 90.7% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 98.2% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 100.7% | 2025 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 92.1% | 2025 | ▼ 0.5% | WB |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 49.1% | 2025 | ▲ 9.1% | WB |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 107.1% | 2025 | ▲ 4.4% | WB |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 95.7% | 2025 | ▼ 6.9% | WB |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 36,067 | 2025 | ▲ 46.7% | WB |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 27,087 | 2025 | ▲ 13.2% | WB |
| Primary School Teachers | 305,368 | 2025 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Secondary School Teachers | 243,991 | 2025 | ▼ 2.2% | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 17 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 26 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 41.1% | 2013 | — | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 98.5 | 2017 | — | WB |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 29.8% | 2013 | — | WB |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 15.6% | 2013 | — | WB |
▶Health42 indicators · 2015–2024 · WHO
▶Energy & Environment16 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 4 | 2024 | ▲ 3.2% | WB |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 284 | 2024 | ▲ 3.2% | WB |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 1,851 | 2023 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 2,965 | 2023 | ▲ 4.8% | WB |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 19.9% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 19.0% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 100.0% | 2023 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 86.8% | 2023 | ▲ 0.9% | WB |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 31 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Forest Area (%) | 38.7% | 2023 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 197,650 | 2023 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| Arable Land (%) | 31.0% | 2023 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 13.4% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 5.0% | 2024 | ▲ 4.2% | WB |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 100.0% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WHO |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 99.4% | 2024 | ▲ 0.3% | WHO |
▶Agriculture11 indicators · 2022–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 43.8% | 2023 | ▼ 4.8% | WB |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 3,072 | 2023 | ▼ 1.1% | WB |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 104.2 | 2022 | ▲ 4.1% | WB |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 106.6 | 2022 | ▲ 4.4% | WB |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 103.3 | 2022 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 12.5M | 2023 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 1.5M | 2023 | ▲ 8.3% | WB |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 287.3 | 2023 | ▲ 26.3% | WB |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 4.6% | 2023 | ▼ 9.8% | WB |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 25.5% | 2022 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 38.5M | 2023 | ▼ 0.8% | WB |
▶Technology13 indicators · 2021–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 90.9% | 2024 | ▲ 1.5% | WB |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 169 | 2023 | ▼ 4.3% | WB |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 15.7 | 2023 | ▼ 10.1% | WB |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 3,150 | 2024 | ▲ 4.9% | WB |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 1.16% | 2022 | ▼ 4.1% | WB |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 867 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 7,375 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 18,491 | 2022 | ▲ 10.7% | WB |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $61.35B | 2024 | ▲ 13.4% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 0.7% | 2024 | ▼ 10.2% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $518.7M | 2024 | ▲ 11.8% | WB |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 4,323 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 1,863 | 2022 | ▲ 9.9% | WB |
▶Infrastructure9 indicators · 2011–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 51.9M | 2023 | ▲ 51.0% | WB |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 1,649.9 | 2023 | ▲ 20.8% | WB |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 10.5M | 2022 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 4,092 | 2017 | — | WB |
| Railways, Passengers (million km) | 6,020 | 2017 | — | WB |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 2,562 | 2011 | — | WB |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 3.50 | 2022 | — | WB |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 1.7% | 2023 | ▼ 71.2% | WB |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Gender8 indicators · 2018–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 19.4% | 2024 | ▲ 3.0% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 59.8% | 2024 | ▼ 1.3% | WB |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 50.2% | 2025 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 96.8% | 2018 | — | WB |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 26.1 | 2023 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 96.93 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 1.06 | 2022 | ▲ 2.6% | WB |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 0.99 | 2022 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
▶Governance10 indicators · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.49 | 2023 | ▼ 8.1% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness | 0.17 | 2023 | ▲ 34.7% | WB |
| Political Stability | -0.28 | 2023 | ▲ 28.7% | WB |
| Regulatory Quality | 0.16 | 2023 | ▼ 4.1% | WB |
| Rule of Law | 0.24 | 2023 | ▲ 272.4% | WB |
| Voice & Accountability | -0.45 | 2023 | ▲ 27.4% | WB |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 35.8% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 58.5% | 2023 | ▲ 0.8% | WB |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 57.5% | 2023 | ▲ 5.2% | WB |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 36.0% | 2023 | ▲ 14.0% | WB |
▶Military5 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 1.1% | 2024 | ▼ 4.6% | WB |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $5.52B | 2024 | ▼ 3.9% | WB |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 455,000 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 1.1% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 4.5% | 2024 | ▼ 7.4% | WB |
▶Poverty & Inequality12 indicators · 2022–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 0.0% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 0.1% | 2023 | ▼ 50.0% | WB |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 9.9% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 5.4% | 2022 | ▼ 14.3% | WB |
| Gini Index | 33.5 | 2023 | ▼ 2.3% | WB |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 26.1% | 2023 | ▼ 1.5% | WB |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 3.4% | 2023 | ▲ 3.0% | WB |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 41.5% | 2023 | ▼ 1.7% | WB |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 7.9% | 2023 | ▲ 2.6% | WB |
| Shared Prosperity Premium (%) | 1.9% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day) | 20.38 | 2023 | — | WB |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 0.0% | 2023 | — | WB |
▶Social Protection7 indicators · 2020–2021 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social Insurance Coverage (%) | 4.5% | 2021 | — | — |
| Social Assistance Coverage (%) | 87.1% | 2021 | — | — |
| Social Protection Coverage (%) | 87.2% | 2021 | — | — |
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.61 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.63 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.59 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 8.7 years | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Tourism6 indicators · 2019–2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 39.9M | 2019 | — | WB |
| International Tourism, Departures | 10.4M | 2019 | — | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $15.36B | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $3.68B | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 6.0% | 2020 | — | WB |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $1.16B | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Urban Development7 indicators · 2019–2025 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 1.5% | 2024 | ▼ 23.6% | WB |
| Population in Largest City | 11.4M | 2025 | ▲ 1.4% | WB |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 25.3% | 2025 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 21.7% | 2025 | ▲ 1.4% | WB |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 2.0% | 2019 | — | WB |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | -2.5% | 2024 | ▲ 19.0% | WB |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 26.7% | 2024 | ▲ 1.4% | WHO |
