Panama
Capital: Panama CityRegion: Latin America & Caribbean Income: High income
Panama's GDP is $95.91B (2026), with a population of 4.5M, and GDP per capita of $20,754. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 4.0%, inflation at 2.0%, unemployment at 7.7%, government debt at 60.3% of GDP, life expectancy of 79.6 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators. Explore Panama's full economic profile with 440+ indicators, interactive charts, and historical data below.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook
Economy
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 2.0% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 60.3% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -3.5% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -1.7% | 2026 |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 7.7% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 0.7% | 2024 |
| Real Interest Rate (%) | 4.6% | 2022 |
| Lending Interest Rate (%) | 6.9% | 2022 |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 11.2% | 2021 |
| Government Expenditure (% of GDP) | 17.1% | 2021 |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 7.5% | 2021 |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 33.3% | 2021 |
| Taxes on International Trade (% of revenue) | 3.8% | 2021 |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 29.1% | 2021 |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 0.7% | 2021 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $6.86B | 2024 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 2.1 | 2024 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 1 | 2024 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 0.46 | 2024 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 83.7% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 44.4% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 39.3% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $38.38B | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $34.02B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $13.18B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $26.69B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 3.7% | 2024 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 1.0% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $3.24B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $531.6M | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 0.6% | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 1.8% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 1.9% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $1.67B | 2024 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 0.5% | 2023 |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $410.2M | 2023 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit by Financial Sector (% of GDP) | 89.8% | 2020 |
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 100.2% | 2020 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP) | 21.1% | 2024 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (USD) | $18.29B | 2024 |
| Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP) | 0.5% | 2024 |
| Listed Domestic Companies | 36 | 2024 |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 12.1% | 2023 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 2.6% | 2023 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 64.1% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 58.1% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 70.4% | 2024 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 4.5M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | 1.3% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 60 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 75,320 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 74,180 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 66.0% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 3.0M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 34.0% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 79.6 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 76.7 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 82.6 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 2.1 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 16 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 4.8 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | 6,151 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 24.9% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 65.8% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 9.4% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 52.1% | 2024 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 14.2% | 2024 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 37.9% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 116.5 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 65.3 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 2.3M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 66.3% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 54.9% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 77.9% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 8.4% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 10.4% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 6.9% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 19.8% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 16.0% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 17.0% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 67.0% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (%) | 62.7% | 2024 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 37.9% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 59.4% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 33.7% | 2024 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 2.7% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 41.8% | 2025 |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 60.8% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 40.6% | 2025 |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 14.7% | 2024 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 2.5% | 2023 |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 16.3% | 2024 |
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 96.3% | 2024 |
| Female Literacy Rate (%) | 95.9% | 2024 |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 97.3% | 2024 |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 99.2% | 2024 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 95.2% | 2023 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 76.6% | 2017 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 53.7% | 2023 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 93.3% | 2023 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 77.1% | 2023 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 41,370 | 2023 |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 19,429 | 2023 |
| Primary School Teachers | 19,072 | 2017 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 23,777 | 2017 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 22 | 2017 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 14 | 2017 |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 23.5% | 2011 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 66.7 | 2022 |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 22.4% | 2011 |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 22.2% | 2011 |
Health
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 2.7 | 2024 |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 12 | 2024 |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 1,063 | 2022 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 2,546 | 2022 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 79.3% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 28.0% | 2021 |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 97.0% | 2023 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 100.0% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 11.5 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 56.3% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 41,796 | 2023 |
| Arable Land (%) | 7.6% | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 27.2% | 2024 |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 26.3% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 95.3% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 89.1% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 29.5% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 3,845 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 115.5 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 130.9 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 106.5 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 155,285 | 2023 |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 219,486 | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 112.6 | 2023 |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 5.7% | 2023 |
| Agricultural Irrigated Land (%) | 1.8% | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 0.9% | 2022 |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 597,032 | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 68.5% | 2023 |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 157 | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 18.1 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 2,234.5 | 2024 |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 0.16% | 2023 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 35 | 2021 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 401 | 2021 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 376 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $1.9M | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 2.9% | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $537.0M | 2024 |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 5 | 2021 |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 253 | 2023 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 15.8M | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 143.7 | 2023 |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 8.5M | 2022 |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 485 | 2000 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 3.10 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 7.1% | 2022 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 21.4% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 51.8% | 2024 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 62.8% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 91.4% | 2017 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 57.3 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 91.52 | 2017 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 1.04 | 2021 |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 0.99 | 2021 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.63 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.21 | 2023 |
| Political Stability | 0.21 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | 0.12 | 2023 |
| Rule of Law | -0.35 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | 0.55 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 28.3% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 42.9% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 40.1% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 52.6% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $0 | 2024 |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 28,000 | 2020 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 1.3% | 2020 |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 11.7 | 2023 |
Poverty & Inequality
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 3.1% | 2024 |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 6.8% | 2024 |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 19.8% | 2024 |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 21.7% | 2023 |
| Gini Index | 49.7 | 2024 |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 37.6% | 2024 |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 1.2% | 2024 |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 54.3% | 2024 |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 3.6% | 2024 |
| Shared Prosperity Premium (%) | -1.1% | 2024 |
| Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day) | 28.7 | 2024 |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 0.8% | 2024 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Social Insurance Coverage (%) | 23.4% | 2023 |
| Social Assistance Coverage (%) | 64.5% | 2023 |
| Labor Market Programs Coverage (%) | 0.9% | 2023 |
| Social Protection Coverage (%) | 76.8% | 2023 |
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.50 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.52 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.49 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 6.5 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 647,000 | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Departures | 401,000 | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $1.84B | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $601.0M | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 9.3% | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $724.0M | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 1.5% | 2024 |
| Population in Largest City | 2.1M | 2025 |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 67.9% | 2025 |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 44.9% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 16.3% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | 0.9% | 2024 |
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