Panama—R&D Spending (% of GDP)
Panama's R&D spending (% of GDP) was 0.16% in 2023, ranking #89 out of 114 countries. This represents a -13.4% change from 2022. Over the past 24 years, the highest recorded value was 0.36% (2000) and the lowest was 0.06% (2013). Data sourced from the World Bank World Development Indicators.
Historical Data
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 0.16% | -13.4% |
| 2022 | 0.18% | +3.1% |
| 2021 | 0.18% | -23.9% |
| 2020 | 0.23% | +70.5% |
| 2019 | 0.14% | +2.0% |
| 2018 | 0.13% | -1.3% |
| 2017 | 0.14% | +2.2% |
| 2016 | 0.13% | +23.2% |
| 2015 | 0.11% | -12.6% |
| 2014 | 0.12% | +98.1% |
| 2013 | 0.06% | -17.6% |
| 2012 | 0.08% | -56.5% |
| 2011 | 0.17% | +19.7% |
| 2010 | 0.14% | +9.4% |
| 2009 | 0.13% | -30.7% |
| 2008 | 0.19% | +4.9% |
| 2007 | 0.18% | -22.8% |
| 2006 | 0.24% | +1.5% |
| 2005 | 0.23% | +2.4% |
| 2004 | 0.23% | -29.5% |
| 2003 | 0.32% | -6.2% |
| 2002 | 0.34% | -5.1% |
| 2001 | 0.36% | -0.5% |
| 2000 | 0.36% |
Top Countries — R&D Spending (% of GDP)
| # | Country | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Israel | 6.35% | 2023 |
| 2 | Liechtenstein | 6.01% | 2023 |
| 3 | Korea, Rep. | 4.94% | 2023 |
| 4 | Sweden | 3.60% | 2023 |
| 5 | United States | 3.45% | 2023 |
| 6 | Japan | 3.44% | 2023 |
| 7 | Belgium | 3.27% | 2023 |
| 8 | Austria | 3.26% | 2023 |
| 9 | Switzerland | 3.22% | 2023 |
| 10 | Germany | 3.15% | 2023 |
About This Indicator
Definition
Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
Methodology
Data compiled by Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), uri: https://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/resources/bulk, publisher: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), date accessed: 2025-03-26, date published: 2025-02.