Panama · Urban PM2.5 Concentration (WHO)
12.12023
Unit: micrograms per cubic metre. Publisher measure: Concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5).
Annual population-weighted PM2.5 concentration in urban areas, matching WHO SDG11.6.2 metadata; label urban scope explicitly.
Measurement basis: model-based estimate.
Displayed values are rounded, with extra precision when needed to keep a positive estimate positive. Downloads retain the full numeric estimate and the publisher's original display text separately.
A “<” sign means strictly below the stated number. Numeric readings and uncertainty endpoints keep their own comparison signs. A number without a sign does not establish certainty or an observed outcome.
World Health Organization (Global Health Observatory); retrieved 2026-09-07. Retrieval time is separate from an official publisher release vintage.
Download this immutable source capture · Source and coverage corrections
One row per country, indicator and year, with raw values, source links and reuse notices. Thresholds have an empty numeric value and separate number/operator fields; value_kind distinguishes upper bounds from absent readings.
History and uncertainty
Charts plot numeric readings. Reported upper bounds create gaps; their values, uncertainty endpoints and source notes remain available in the table and downloads.
Reported estimates and uncertainty · 14 rows
Each comparison sign applies to its own reading or uncertainty endpoint. Values retain source precision. “Not reported” identifies an absent reading or uncertainty endpoint in this source capture.
| Country | Year | Reading | Lower endpoint | Upper endpoint | Publisher note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panama | 2010 | 13.557111313 | 10.937372114 | 16.575423806 | — |
| Panama | 2011 | 13.925107011 | 11.182289151 | 17.200144431 | — |
| Panama | 2012 | 14.783448858 | 11.988855637 | 18.317079383 | — |
| Panama | 2013 | 15.093903247 | 12.188949812 | 18.940375887 | — |
| Panama | 2014 | 15.69343462 | 12.697833595 | 19.462065221 | — |
| Panama | 2015 | 16.639923082 | 13.464151645 | 20.73788332 | — |
| Panama | 2016 | 14.456128129 | 11.585308725 | 18.058645852 | — |
| Panama | 2017 | 13.521505283 | 10.808742384 | 16.807540908 | — |
| Panama | 2018 | 12.734453208 | 10.339207803 | 15.80769322 | — |
| Panama | 2019 | 12.781559275 | 10.367669882 | 16.226402491 | — |
| Panama | 2020 | 11.888133008 | 9.689578306 | 14.667578378 | — |
| Panama | 2021 | 11.270046608 | 9.082308443 | 14.078590083 | — |
| Panama | 2022 | 11.356547349 | 9.29103232 | 14.013241858 | — |
| Panama | 2023 | 12.069285387 | 9.983415471 | 14.988054074 | — |
One row per country, indicator and year, with raw values, source links and reuse notices. Thresholds have an empty numeric value and separate number/operator fields; value_kind distinguishes upper bounds from absent readings.