Netherlands
Capital: AmsterdamRegion: Europe & Central AsiaIncome: High income
Netherlands's GDP is $1.41T (2026), with a population of 18.0M, and GDP per capita of $77,881. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 1.2%, inflation at 2.4%, unemployment at 4.0%, government debt at 45.2% of GDP, life expectancy of 81.9 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators. Explore Netherlands's full economic profile with 440+ indicators, interactive charts, and historical data below.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook
Economy
Stock Markets
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| AEX (Amsterdam) | 975.86 | 2026 |
Financial Markets
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| 10-Year Government Bond Yield (%) | 2.81% | 2025 |
| Central Bank Policy Rate (%) | 2.26% | 2025 |
| Exchange Rate (per USD) | 0.87 | 2026 |
Currencies
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| EUR/USD | 1.1522 | 2026 |
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 2.4% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 45.2% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -2.8% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 9.3% | 2026 |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 4.0% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 3.3% | 2024 |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 39.4% | 2023 |
| Government Expenditure (% of GDP) | 40.0% | 2023 |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 25.3% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 26.4% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 35.3% | 2023 |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 1.5% | 2023 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $79.13B | 2024 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 0.7 | 2024 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 0.92 | 2024 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 0.73 | 2024 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 153.8% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 82.4% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 71.4% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $1.00T | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $867.46B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $921.22B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $814.04B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | -1.4% | 2024 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | -0.5% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $-17.06B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $4.72B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 0.4% | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 23.5% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 9.1% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $110.92B | 2024 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 82.3% | 2024 |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 6.1% | 2023 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 1.6% | 2023 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 99.2% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 99.3% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 99.1% | 2024 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 18.0M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | 0.6% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 531 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 41,540 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 33,670 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 95.6% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 17.2M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 4.4% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 81.9 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 80.5 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 83.4 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 1.4 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 9.2 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 9.5 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | 104,681 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 15.0% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 64.5% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 20.5% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 55.1% | 2024 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 31.8% | 2024 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 23.3% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 64.2 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 43.6 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 10.4M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 67.2% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 62.7% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 71.9% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 3.9% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 4.1% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 3.7% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 8.8% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 1.7% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 13.8% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 84.5% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (%) | 68.7% | 2024 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 13.4% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 83.2% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 62.2% | 2024 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 3.4% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 47.2% | 2025 |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 64.6% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 16.8% | 2025 |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 3.6% | 2024 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 5.2% | 2022 |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 12.0% | 2022 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 104.2% | 2023 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 137.5% | 2023 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 86.6% | 2023 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 5,698 | 2023 |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 1,931 | 2023 |
| Primary School Teachers | 100,704 | 2023 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 119,144 | 2023 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 12 | 2017 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 15 | 2017 |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 21.2% | 2016 |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 40.5% | 2016 |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 31.9% | 2016 |
Health
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 6.6 | 2024 |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 119 | 2024 |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 3,418 | 2023 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 6,189 | 2023 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 33.1% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 12.2% | 2021 |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 100.0% | 2023 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 100.0% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 10.9 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 11.1% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 3,723 | 2023 |
| Arable Land (%) | 30.0% | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 29.8% | 2024 |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 33.6% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 100.0% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 97.7% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 53.5% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 8,059 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 101 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 100.4 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 101.2 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 186,050 | 2023 |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 267,562 | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 238 | 2023 |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 2.5% | 2023 |
| Agricultural Irrigated Land (%) | 21.6% | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 74.9% | 2022 |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 1.5M | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 97.0% | 2023 |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 117 | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 43.3 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 198,682.4 | 2024 |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 2.26% | 2022 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 2,080 | 2021 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 1,390 | 2021 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 34,311 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $103.04B | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 9.5% | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $29.34B | 2024 |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 6,319 | 2022 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 41.4M | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 3,285.7 | 2023 |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 14.9M | 2022 |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 3,041 | 2021 |
| Railways, Passengers (million km) | 10,900 | 2021 |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 7,188 | 2021 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 4.10 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 1.3% | 2023 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 3.3% | 2023 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 38.7% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 64.3% | 2024 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 87.3% | 2025 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 1.9 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 1.02 | 2020 |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 1.00 | 2020 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | 1.87 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | 1.63 | 2023 |
| Political Stability | 0.66 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | 1.79 | 2023 |
| Rule of Law | 1.64 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | 1.56 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 96.2% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 95.8% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 94.3% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 68.7% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 1.9% | 2024 |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $23.18B | 2024 |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 41,000 | 2020 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 0.4% | 2020 |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 4.3% | 2024 |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 0.7 | 2023 |
Poverty & Inequality
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 0.1% | 2021 |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 0.1% | 2021 |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 0.3% | 2021 |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 14.5% | 2021 |
| Gini Index | 25.7 | 2021 |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 21.4% | 2021 |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 3.6% | 2021 |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 35.2% | 2021 |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 9.4% | 2021 |
| Shared Prosperity Premium (%) | 1.8% | 2021 |
| Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day) | 75.5 | 2021 |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.79 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.81 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.77 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 11.5 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 7.3M | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Departures | 22.0M | 2019 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $10.93B | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $7.44B | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 1.4% | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $1.83B | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 1.0% | 2024 |
| Population in Largest City | 1.2M | 2025 |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 6.9% | 2025 |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 12.2% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 0.0% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | -6.4% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 100.0% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 97.5% | 2024 |
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