Netherlands · Urban PM2.5 Concentration (WHO)
9.12023
Unit: micrograms per cubic metre. Publisher measure: Concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5).
Annual population-weighted PM2.5 concentration in urban areas, matching WHO SDG11.6.2 metadata; label urban scope explicitly.
Measurement basis: model-based estimate.
Displayed values are rounded, with extra precision when needed to keep a positive estimate positive. Downloads retain the full numeric estimate and the publisher's original display text separately.
A “<” sign means strictly below the stated number. Numeric readings and uncertainty endpoints keep their own comparison signs. A number without a sign does not establish certainty or an observed outcome.
World Health Organization (Global Health Observatory); retrieved 2026-09-07. Retrieval time is separate from an official publisher release vintage.
Download this immutable source capture · Source and coverage corrections
One row per country, indicator and year, with raw values, source links and reuse notices. Thresholds have an empty numeric value and separate number/operator fields; value_kind distinguishes upper bounds from absent readings.
History and uncertainty
Charts plot numeric readings. Reported upper bounds create gaps; their values, uncertainty endpoints and source notes remain available in the table and downloads.
Reported estimates and uncertainty · 14 rows
Each comparison sign applies to its own reading or uncertainty endpoint. Values retain source precision. “Not reported” identifies an absent reading or uncertainty endpoint in this source capture.
| Country | Year | Reading | Lower endpoint | Upper endpoint | Publisher note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | 2010 | 14.339689098 | 13.756889516 | 14.787832485 | — |
| Netherlands | 2011 | 15.252886623 | 14.609527597 | 15.75232239 | — |
| Netherlands | 2012 | 13.307848174 | 12.687567336 | 13.755618859 | — |
| Netherlands | 2013 | 12.870356692 | 12.281980031 | 13.296313262 | — |
| Netherlands | 2014 | 12.384573964 | 11.840851014 | 12.800545314 | — |
| Netherlands | 2015 | 12.205966004 | 11.667704514 | 12.638349363 | — |
| Netherlands | 2016 | 11.230479391 | 10.752793295 | 11.614398979 | — |
| Netherlands | 2017 | 11.175014271 | 10.704384317 | 11.537731432 | — |
| Netherlands | 2018 | 11.166057707 | 10.706774809 | 11.531504294 | — |
| Netherlands | 2019 | 10.4277216 | 10.028498739 | 10.791906217 | — |
| Netherlands | 2020 | 9.414012099 | 8.980238266 | 9.690607711 | — |
| Netherlands | 2021 | 9.502044497 | 9.122318001 | 9.765501697 | — |
| Netherlands | 2022 | 9.680315213 | 9.268598918 | 9.986331846 | — |
| Netherlands | 2023 | 9.067297214 | 8.702925773 | 9.347754866 | — |
One row per country, indicator and year, with raw values, source links and reuse notices. Thresholds have an empty numeric value and separate number/operator fields; value_kind distinguishes upper bounds from absent readings.