Netherlands
NLDEurope & Central AsiaHigh incomeCapital: AmsterdamEconomy
Fiscal
People
Health
Education
Trade
Energy / Env
Tech
Governance
Equality
Infra
Labor
75/80 indicators · percentile vs world (IMF / WB / WHO)underover
GDP
$1,461
2027▲ 3.4%
Population
18.0M
2024▲ 0.7%
GDP per Capita
$80,165
2027▲ 2.9%
Life Expectancy
81.9 years
2023▲ 0.4%
Netherlands in world space2000–2023
192 countries · log scale on X world Netherlands· trajectory line: 1980 → today
▶About Netherlands
Netherlands's GDP is $1.41T (2026), with a population of 18.0M, and GDP per capita of $77,881. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 1.2%, inflation at 2.4%, unemployment at 4.0%, government debt at 45.2% of GDP, life expectancy of 81.9 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators.
The economy is characterized by a high-income status and robust trade relations, with trade accounting for approximately 153.83% of GDP in 2024. The GDP is projected to reach 1413.076 billion in 2026, with a per capita GDP of 77881.418. The economic growth rate is expected to be 1.2% in 2026, with an inflation rate of 2.4%. Unemployment is projected to be 3.874% in 2025, reflecting a relatively stable labor market. Societally, the population stands at approximately 17.99 million as of 2024. Life expectancy is notably high, at 81.91 years in 2023, indicating strong healthcare and social welfare systems. The capital, Amsterdam, serves as a major cultural and economic hub, contributing significantly to the nation's overall development and global influence.
▶Economy30 indicators · 2021–2027 · IMF / WB
▶Stock Markets1 indicator · 2026 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AEX (Amsterdam) | 1,010.25 | 2026 | ▲ 6.2% | WB |
▶Financial Markets3 indicators · 2025–2026 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10-Year Government Bond Yield (%) | 2.81% | 2025 | ▲ 7.4% | WB |
| Central Bank Policy Rate (%) | 2.26% | 2025 | ▼ 39.4% | WB |
| Exchange Rate (per USD) | 0.85 | 2026 | — | WB |
▶Currencies1 indicator · 2026 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EUR/USD | 1.1729 | 2026 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
▶Fiscal & Monetary16 indicators · 2023–2027 · IMF / WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 2.4% | 2027 | ▲ 0.0% | IMF |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 45.7% | 2027 | ▲ 1.1% | IMF |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -2.2% | 2027 | ▲ 21.4% | IMF |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 9.2% | 2027 | ▼ 1.1% | IMF |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 4.2% | 2027 | ▲ 5.0% | IMF |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 3.3% | 2024 | ▼ 12.8% | WB |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 39.4% | 2023 | ▲ 0.7% | WB |
| Government Expenditure (% of GDP) | 40.0% | 2023 | ▲ 1.5% | WB |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 25.3% | 2023 | ▲ 5.7% | WB |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 26.4% | 2023 | ▼ 1.5% | WB |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 35.3% | 2023 | ▲ 11.2% | WB |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 1.5% | 2023 | ▼ 12.0% | WB |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $79.13B | 2024 | ▲ 13.3% | WB |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 0.7 | 2024 | ▲ 15.1% | WB |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 0.92 | 2024 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 0.73 | 2024 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
▶Trade15 indicators · 2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 153.8% | 2024 | ▼ 6.8% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 82.4% | 2024 | ▼ 5.8% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 71.4% | 2024 | ▼ 7.9% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $1.00T | 2024 | ▲ 0.8% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $867.46B | 2024 | ▼ 1.5% | WB |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $921.22B | 2024 | ▼ 1.6% | WB |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $814.04B | 2024 | ▼ 3.4% | WB |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | -1.4% | 2024 | ▲ 95.4% | WB |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | -0.5% | 2024 | ▲ 98.5% | WB |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $-17.06B | 2024 | ▲ 95.0% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $4.72B | 2024 | ▲ 10.4% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 0.4% | 2024 | ▲ 3.2% | WB |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 23.5% | 2024 | ▼ 1.3% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 9.1% | 2024 | ▼ 3.0% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $110.92B | 2024 | ▲ 3.8% | WB |
▶Finance7 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 82.3% | 2024 | ▼ 3.7% | WB |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 6.1% | 2023 | ▲ 2.7% | WB |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 1.6% | 2023 | ▼ 3.0% | WB |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 99.2% | 2024 | ▼ 0.6% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 99.3% | 2024 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 99.1% | 2024 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 16.9% | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Private Sector3 indicators · 2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 35.0% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 13.7% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 18.0% | 2020 | — | WB |
▶People23 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 18.0M | 2024 | ▲ 0.7% | WB |
| Population Growth (%) | 0.6% | 2024 | ▼ 34.5% | WB |
| Population Density (per km²) | 531 | 2023 | ▲ 1.0% | WB |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 41,540 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Land Area (sq km) | 33,670 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Urban Population (%) | 95.6% | 2024 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Urban Population (total) | 17.2M | 2024 | ▲ 1.0% | WB |
| Rural Population (%) | 4.4% | 2024 | ▼ 6.8% | WB |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 81.9 years | 2023 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 80.5 years | 2023 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 83.4 years | 2023 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 1.4 | 2023 | ▼ 4.0% | WB |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 9.2 | 2023 | ▼ 3.2% | WB |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 9.5 | 2023 | ▼ 1.0% | WB |
| Net Migration | 104,681 | 2025 | ▼ 13.9% | WB |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 15.0% | 2024 | ▼ 1.0% | WB |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 64.5% | 2024 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 20.5% | 2024 | ▲ 1.7% | WB |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 55.1% | 2024 | ▲ 0.9% | WB |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 31.8% | 2024 | ▲ 2.0% | WB |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 23.3% | 2024 | ▼ 0.7% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 64.2 | 2023 | ▼ 2.4% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 43.6 | 2023 | ▼ 6.6% | WB |
▶Labor20 indicators · 2024–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 10.4M | 2025 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 67.2% | 2025 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 62.7% | 2025 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 71.9% | 2025 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| Unemployment (%) | 3.9% | 2025 | ▲ 4.7% | WB |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 4.1% | 2025 | ▲ 5.7% | WB |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 3.7% | 2025 | ▲ 3.7% | WB |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 8.8% | 2025 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 1.7% | 2025 | ▼ 2.4% | WB |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 13.8% | 2025 | ▼ 1.9% | WB |
| Employment in Services (%) | 84.5% | 2025 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Self-Employed (%) | 68.7% | 2024 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 13.4% | 2025 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 83.2% | 2025 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 62.2% | 2024 | ▲ 1.7% | WB |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 3.4% | 2025 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 47.2% | 2025 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 64.6% | 2025 | ▼ 0.5% | WB |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 16.8% | 2025 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 3.6% | 2024 | ▼ 3.7% | WB |
▶Education14 indicators · 2016–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 5.2% | 2022 | ▼ 3.7% | WB |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 12.0% | 2022 | ▲ 2.2% | WB |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 104.2% | 2023 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 137.5% | 2023 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 86.6% | 2023 | ▼ 3.1% | WB |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 5,698 | 2023 | ▲ 28.2% | WB |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 1,931 | 2023 | ▲ 31.3% | WB |
| Primary School Teachers | 100,704 | 2023 | ▼ 1.1% | WB |
| Secondary School Teachers | 119,144 | 2023 | ▲ 0.9% | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 12 | 2017 | — | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 15 | 2017 | — | WB |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 21.2% | 2016 | — | WB |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 40.5% | 2016 | — | WB |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 31.9% | 2016 | — | WB |
▶Health38 indicators · 2009–2024 · WHO
▶Energy & Environment16 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 6.6 | 2024 | ▼ 4.0% | WB |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 119 | 2024 | ▼ 3.4% | WB |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 3,418 | 2023 | ▼ 4.3% | WB |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 6,189 | 2023 | ▼ 2.6% | WB |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 33.1% | 2021 | ▲ 24.7% | WB |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 12.2% | 2021 | ▲ 14.0% | WB |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 100.0% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 100.0% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 10.9 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Forest Area (%) | 11.1% | 2023 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 3,723 | 2023 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Arable Land (%) | 30.0% | 2023 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 29.8% | 2024 | ▲ 17.8% | WB |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 33.6% | 2024 | ▲ 24.9% | WB |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 100.0% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WHO |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 97.7% | 2024 | ▼ 0.0% | WHO |
▶Agriculture12 indicators · 2022–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 53.5% | 2023 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 8,059 | 2023 | ▼ 9.3% | WB |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 101 | 2022 | ▼ 2.8% | WB |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 100.4 | 2022 | ▼ 3.4% | WB |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 101.2 | 2022 | ▼ 2.6% | WB |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 186,050 | 2023 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 267,562 | 2023 | ▼ 10.7% | WB |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 238 | 2023 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 2.5% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Agricultural Irrigated Land (%) | 21.6% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 74.9% | 2022 | ▲ 3.6% | WB |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 1.5M | 2023 | ▼ 9.0% | WB |
▶Technology12 indicators · 2021–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 97.0% | 2023 | ▲ 4.8% | WB |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 117 | 2023 | ▲ 1.3% | WB |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 43.3 | 2023 | ▼ 0.7% | WB |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 198,682.4 | 2024 | ▲ 1.9% | WB |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 2.26% | 2022 | ▼ 0.6% | WB |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 2,080 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 1,390 | 2021 | ▲ 68.5% | WB |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 34,311 | 2022 | ▼ 1.8% | WB |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $103.04B | 2024 | ▼ 4.4% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 9.5% | 2024 | ▼ 1.0% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $29.34B | 2024 | ▲ 5.9% | WB |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 6,319 | 2022 | ▲ 5.3% | WB |
▶Infrastructure9 indicators · 2021–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 41.4M | 2023 | ▲ 16.5% | WB |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 3,285.7 | 2023 | ▼ 2.4% | WB |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 14.9M | 2022 | ▼ 5.4% | WB |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 3,041 | 2021 | ▼ 1.2% | WB |
| Railways, Passengers (million km) | 10,900 | 2021 | ▲ 18.5% | WB |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 7,188 | 2021 | ▲ 7.8% | WB |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 4.10 | 2022 | — | WB |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 1.3% | 2023 | ▼ 3.8% | WB |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 3.3% | 2023 | ▼ 3.9% | WB |
▶Gender6 indicators · 2020–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 38.7% | 2024 | ▼ 3.3% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 64.3% | 2024 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 87.3% | 2025 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 1.9 | 2023 | ▼ 10.3% | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 1.02 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 1.00 | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Governance10 indicators · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | 1.87 | 2023 | ▼ 2.6% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness | 1.63 | 2023 | ▲ 3.0% | WB |
| Political Stability | 0.66 | 2023 | ▼ 9.4% | WB |
| Regulatory Quality | 1.79 | 2023 | ▲ 4.6% | WB |
| Rule of Law | 1.64 | 2023 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Voice & Accountability | 1.56 | 2023 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 96.2% | 2023 | ▼ 0.5% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 95.8% | 2023 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 94.3% | 2023 | ▲ 1.0% | WB |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 68.7% | 2023 | ▼ 2.9% | WB |
▶Military6 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 1.9% | 2024 | ▲ 33.0% | WB |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $23.18B | 2024 | ▲ 39.4% | WB |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 41,000 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 0.4% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 4.3% | 2024 | ▲ 30.1% | WB |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 0.7 | 2023 | ▼ 13.5% | WB |
▶Poverty & Inequality12 indicators · 2021 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 0.1% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 0.1% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 0.3% | 2021 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 14.5% | 2021 | ▲ 0.7% | WB |
| Gini Index | 25.7 | 2021 | ▼ 1.2% | WB |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 21.4% | 2021 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 3.6% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 35.2% | 2021 | ▼ 0.6% | WB |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 9.4% | 2021 | ▲ 2.2% | WB |
| Shared Prosperity Premium (%) | 1.8% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day) | 75.5 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 0.0% | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Social Protection4 indicators · 2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.79 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.81 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.77 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 11.5 years | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Tourism6 indicators · 2019–2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 7.3M | 2020 | — | WB |
| International Tourism, Departures | 22.0M | 2019 | — | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $10.93B | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $7.44B | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 1.4% | 2020 | — | WB |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $1.83B | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Urban Development8 indicators · 2022–2025 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 1.0% | 2024 | ▼ 27.0% | WB |
| Population in Largest City | 1.2M | 2025 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 6.9% | 2025 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 12.2% | 2025 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 0.0% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | -6.4% | 2024 | ▼ 7.1% | WB |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 100.0% | 2024 | ▼ 0.0% | WHO |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 97.5% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WHO |
