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World›East Asia & Pacific›Tonga

Tonga

TONEast Asia & PacificUpper middle incomeCapital: Nuku'alofa
Economy
Fiscal
People
Health
Education
Trade
Energy / Env
Tech
Governance
Equality
Infra
Labor
69/80 indicators · percentile vs world (IMF / WB / WHO)underover
GDP
$1
2027▲ 4.7%
Population
104,175
2024▼ 0.4%
GDP per Capita
$6,537
2027▲ 5.1%
Life Expectancy
72.9 years
2023▲ 0.4%
Tonga in world space2000–2023
1k10k100k505560657075808590GDP per capita (USD, log)Life expectancy (years)20002023
192 countries · log scale on X world Tonga· trajectory line: 1980 → today
▶About Tonga

Tonga's GDP is $616.0M (2026), with a population of 104,175, and GDP per capita of $6,221. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 2.3%, inflation at 2.2%, government debt at 37.8% of GDP, life expectancy of 72.9 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators.

Located in the East Asia & Pacific region, this upper middle-income nation has a projected GDP of $0.616 billion in 2026, with a growth rate of 2.3%. The GDP per capita is expected to be $6,221.162. Inflation is anticipated to be 2.2% in 2026. Trade is significant, with trade to GDP ratio at 79.62% in 2023. Unemployment is projected to be 2.008% in 2025. The population is estimated to be 104,175 in 2024, with a life expectancy of 72.895 years in 2023. The capital city is Nuku'alofa. The society benefits from a relatively low unemployment rate and a stable economic environment.

▶Economy30 indicators · 2021–2027 · IMF / WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
GDP (Current USD, Billions)$12027▲ 4.7%IMF
Real GDP Growth (%)1.8%2027▼ 21.7%IMF
GDP per Capita (USD)$6,5372027▲ 5.1%IMF
GDP, PPP (Billions Intl $)$12027▲ 3.5%IMF
GDP per Capita, PPP (Intl $)$8,7652027▲ 3.8%IMF
Share of World GDP, PPP (%)0.00%2027—IMF
GNI (Current USD)$636.7M2023▲ 9.4%WB
GNI per Capita (USD)$5,9102023▲ 9.6%WB
GNI per Capita, PPP (USD)$8,4002023▲ 10.1%WB
Industry Value Added (% of GDP)14.9%2023▼ 13.8%WB
Services Value Added (% of GDP)50.0%2023▲ 1.1%WB
Agriculture Value Added (% of GDP)19.0%2023▲ 8.8%WB
Government Consumption (% of GDP)25.1%2023▼ 9.9%WB
Household Consumption (% of GDP)99.8%2023▲ 13.6%WB
Gross Capital Formation (% of GDP)25.9%2023▼ 5.1%WB
Gross Savings (% of GNI)18.6%2023▼ 32.2%WB
GDP Deflator (%)7.4%2023▼ 19.3%WB
GDP per Person Employed (USD)$21,9452023▲ 4.4%WB
Manufacturing Value Added (% of GDP)5.0%2023▲ 7.3%WB
Medium/High-Tech Manufacturing (% of total)1.6%2022▲ 0.0%WB
Adjusted Net National Income per Capita (USD)$4,2842021▼ 5.9%WB
Adjusted Net Savings (% of GNI)-3.3%2021▼ 123.3%WB
External Balance on Goods & Services (% of GDP)-50.1%2023▼ 3.2%WB
Coal Rents (% of GDP)0.00%2021—WB
Mineral Rents (% of GDP)0.00%2021—WB
Oil Rents (% of GDP)0.00%2021—WB
Natural Gas Rents (% of GDP)0.00%2021—WB
Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP)0.0%2021▲ 4.4%WB
Forest Rents (% of GDP)0.04%2021▲ 4.4%WB
Industry Value Added (Current USD)$87.9M2023▼ 8.4%WB
▶Fiscal & Monetary21 indicators · 2020–2027 · IMF / WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Inflation, Consumer Prices (%)3.2%2027▲ 45.5%IMF
Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP)44.6%2027▲ 18.0%IMF
Fiscal Balance (% of GDP)-8.3%2027▼ 7.8%IMF
Current Account Balance (% of GDP)-6.3%2027▲ 1.6%IMF
Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank)3.2%2024▼ 49.9%WB
Real Interest Rate (%)-0.5%2024▼ 257.4%WB
Lending Interest Rate (%)7.8%2024▲ 0.3%WB
Deposit Interest Rate (%)1.6%2024▲ 0.7%WB
Government Debt (% of GDP)43.1%2020—WB
Government Revenue (% of GDP)22.6%2023▲ 1.4%WB
Government Expenditure (% of GDP)34.7%2023▼ 13.3%WB
Tax Revenue (% of GDP)20.5%2023▲ 0.3%WB
Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue)30.0%2023▼ 4.9%WB
Taxes on International Trade (% of revenue)4.8%2023▲ 9.2%WB
Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev)8.9%2023▼ 10.2%WB
Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP)6.8%2023▲ 28.5%WB
Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD)$377.3M2024▼ 4.8%WB
Total Reserves (months of imports)10.82024▼ 8.9%WB
Official Exchange Rate (per USD)2.372024▲ 0.4%WB
PPP Conversion Factor1.712023▲ 3.7%WB
Broad Money (% of GDP)61.0%2024▼ 1.9%WB
▶Trade15 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Trade (% of GDP)79.6%2023▲ 13.5%WB
Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP)14.7%2023▲ 37.0%WB
Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP)64.9%2023▲ 9.3%WB
Exports of Goods & Services (USD)$87.2M2023▲ 45.5%WB
Imports of Goods & Services (USD)$383.5M2023▲ 16.1%WB
Merchandise Exports (USD)$9.0M2024▼ 10.0%WB
Merchandise Imports (USD)$295.0M2024▲ 8.5%WB
FDI Inflows (% of GDP)0.4%2023▼ 15.2%WB
FDI Outflows (% of GDP)0.2%2023▲ 163.0%WB
FDI Net Inflows (USD)$-12.1M2024▼ 560.7%WB
Personal Remittances Received (USD)$253.8M2024▲ 0.8%WB
Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP)42.6%2023▲ 10.2%WB
High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured)28.5%2023▲ 5049.0%WB
Current Account Balance (% of GDP)-6.7%2024▲ 15.3%WB
Current Account Balance (USD)$-43.5M2024▲ 7.2%WB
▶External Debt7 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
External Debt (% of GNI)35.4%2023▼ 8.2%WB
External Debt Stocks (USD)$173.2M2024▼ 11.8%WB
Total Debt Service (% of GNI)2.8%2023▲ 45.2%WB
Present Value of External Debt (USD)$114.9M2024—WB
Use of IMF Credit (USD)$43.8M2024▼ 2.8%WB
Net ODA Received (% of GNI)20.3%2023▼ 59.9%WB
Net ODA Received (USD)$129.5M2023▼ 56.1%WB
▶Finance4 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP)34.8%2024▼ 2.4%WB
Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%)15.6%2023▲ 2.2%WB
Bank Nonperforming Loans (%)11.2%2023▲ 35.4%WB
Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%)13.5%2024—WB
▶Business Environment1 indicator · 2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Time to Get Electricity (days)92024—WB
▶Private Sector6 indicators · 2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%)11.0%2024—WB
Firms with Female Top Manager (%)31.2%2024—WB
Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%)30.2%2024—WB
Firms Offering Training (%)18.9%2024—WB
Average Firm Age (years)7 years2024—WB
Firms Using Computers (%)7.2%2024—WB
▶People23 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Population104,1752024▼ 0.4%WB
Population Growth (%)-0.4%2024▲ 4.8%WB
Population Density (per km²)1452023▼ 0.4%WB
Surface Area (sq km)7502023▲ 0.0%WB
Land Area (sq km)7202023▲ 0.0%WB
Urban Population (%)21.2%2024▲ 0.0%WB
Urban Population (total)22,0342024▼ 0.4%WB
Rural Population (%)78.8%2024▼ 0.0%WB
Life Expectancy at Birth72.9 years2023▲ 0.4%WB
Life Expectancy, Male69.4 years2023▲ 0.3%WB
Life Expectancy, Female76.4 years2023▲ 0.3%WB
Fertility Rate (births per woman)3.12023▼ 1.3%WB
Birth Rate (per 1,000)23.12023▼ 1.0%WB
Death Rate (per 1,000)6.42023▼ 0.5%WB
Net Migration-2,1502025▼ 0.0%WB
Population Ages 0–14 (%)35.4%2024▼ 0.6%WB
Population Ages 15–64 (%)57.9%2024▲ 0.2%WB
Population Ages 65+ (%)6.7%2024▲ 1.7%WB
Age Dependency Ratio (%)72.8%2024▼ 0.4%WB
Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%)11.6%2024▲ 1.5%WB
Youth Dependency Ratio (%)61.2%2024▼ 0.8%WB
Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000)212.62023▼ 1.3%WB
Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000)111.82023▼ 2.1%WB
▶Labor20 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Total Labor Force33,6282025▼ 0.4%WB
Labor Force Participation (%)49.8%2025▼ 0.8%WB
Female Labor Force Participation (%)42.3%2025▼ 0.4%WB
Male Labor Force Participation (%)59.0%2025▼ 1.2%WB
Unemployment (%)2.0%2025▲ 2.2%WB
Female Unemployment (%)2.5%2025▲ 2.7%WB
Male Unemployment (%)1.5%2025▲ 1.2%WB
Youth Unemployment (%)6.0%2025▲ 0.7%WB
Employment in Agriculture (%)23.6%2025▼ 2.6%WB
Employment in Industry (%)23.3%2025▲ 0.2%WB
Employment in Services (%)53.0%2025▲ 1.1%WB
Self-Employed (%)51.4%2023▼ 13.7%WB
Vulnerable Employment (%)33.7%2025▼ 0.7%WB
Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total)58.2%2025▲ 0.5%WB
Part-Time Employment (%)44.1%2023▲ 22.7%WB
Employers (% of total employment)8.1%2025▼ 0.3%WB
Labor Force, Female (% of total)46.9%2025▲ 0.3%WB
Employment to Population Ratio (%)48.8%2025▼ 0.8%WB
Self-Employed (% of total)41.8%2025▼ 0.7%WB
NEET Youth (% not in education/employment)25.6%2023▲ 37.1%WB
▶Education17 indicators · 2004–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Education Spending (% of GDP)5.3%2022▲ 2.9%WB
Education Spending (% of govt expenditure)9.3%2024▲ 10.5%WB
Adult Literacy Rate (%)91.1%2019—WB
Primary School Enrollment (%)108.8%2024▼ 0.7%WB
Secondary School Enrollment (%)92.4%2024▲ 0.6%WB
Tertiary School Enrollment (%)42.9%2023▲ 101.4%WB
Primary Completion Rate (%)108.1%2024▲ 5.4%WB
Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%)99.4%2024▲ 7.8%WB
Out-of-School Children, Primary3542022▼ 37.6%WB
Primary School Teachers8182024▲ 0.2%WB
Secondary School Teachers1,0862015—WB
Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary222015—WB
Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary152015—WB
Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap)44.4%2004—WB
Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary)91.32019—WB
Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt)30.1%2004—WB
Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt)21.7%2004—WB
▶Health35 indicators · 2019–2024 · WHO
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Health Spending (% of GDP)7.4%2023▼ 7.4%WHO
Health Spending per Capita (USD)$3582023▼ 6.6%WHO
Government Health Spending (% of GDP)3.4%2023▼ 11.3%WHO
Out-of-Pocket Health Spending (% of total)5.9%2023▲ 49.4%WHO
Physicians (per 1,000 people)12021▲ 7.2%WHO
Nurses & Midwives (per 1,000)4.22021▼ 7.5%WHO
Infant Mortality (per 1,000 live births)9.92023▼ 2.9%WHO
Neonatal Mortality (per 1,000)4.32023▼ 4.4%WHO
Maternal Mortality (per 100,000)672023▼ 6.9%WHO
Under-5 Mortality, Female (per 1,000)8.82023▼ 3.3%WHO
Under-5 Mortality, Male (per 1,000)10.92023▼ 2.7%WHO
Cause of Death, Communicable (%)11.1%2019—WHO
Cause of Death, Non-Communicable (%)79.4%2019—WHO
Cause of Death, Injury (%)9.5%2019—WHO
Measles Immunization (% of children)99.0%2024▲ 0.0%WHO
DPT Immunization (% of children)99.0%2024▲ 0.0%WHO
Tuberculosis Incidence (per 100,000)22024▼ 75.0%WHO
Smoking Prevalence, Males (%)47.0%2022▼ 0.2%WHO
Smoking Prevalence, Females (%)15.5%2022▲ 0.6%WHO
Suicide Mortality Rate (per 100,000)4.72021▲ 1.7%WHO
Alcohol Consumption (liters per capita)0.42020—WHO
Maternal Deaths22023▼ 8.3%WHO
Tuberculosis Incidence (per 100K)1.92024▼ 75.0%WHO
DTP3 Immunization Coverage (%)99%2024▲ 0.0%WHO
Measles Immunization Coverage (%)99%2024▲ 0.0%WHO
Hepatitis B Immunization Coverage (%)99%2024▲ 0.0%WHO
Physicians (total)102021▲ 7.2%WHO
Nursing & Midwifery Personnel422021▼ 7.5%WHO
Dentists (total)4432021▼ 3.9%WHO
Pharmacists (total)192020▼ 50.0%WHO
Child Wasting (<5 years, %)1.1%2019—WHO
Child Underweight (<5 years, %)0.8%2019—WHO
Universal Health Coverage Index712023▲ 0.0%WHO
Road Traffic Death Rate (per 100K)92021—WHO
Health Expenditure per Capita (WHO, USD)$3582023▼ 6.6%WHO
▶Energy & Environment14 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB / WHO
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita)1.62024▲ 5.4%WB
CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes)02024▲ 4.9%WB
Renewable Electricity Output (%)14.2%2021▼ 0.1%WB
Renewable Energy Consumption (%)2.3%2022▲ 27.8%WB
Access to Electricity (%)100.0%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%)90.1%2023▲ 1.7%WB
PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³)12.52020—WB
Forest Area (%)12.4%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Forest Area (sq km)902023▲ 0.0%WB
Arable Land (%)27.8%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Terrestrial Protected Areas (%)0.1%2024▲ 0.0%WB
Marine Protected Areas (%)0.1%2024▲ 0.0%WB
Access to Basic Drinking Water (%)98.9%2024▲ 0.0%WHO
Access to Basic Sanitation (%)93.9%2024▲ 0.0%WHO
▶Agriculture6 indicators · 2022–2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Agricultural Land (%)48.6%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Food Production Index (2014–2016=100)97.82022▲ 0.3%WB
Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100)97.22022▲ 0.5%WB
Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100)100.92022▼ 0.8%WB
Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes)1,1442023▼ 13.7%WB
Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare)4.52023▼ 10.8%WB
▶Technology10 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Internet Users (%)58.5%2023▲ 1.4%WB
Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people)622022▲ 1.2%WB
Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100)8.22022▲ 26.6%WB
Secure Internet Servers (per million)969.52024▲ 10.2%WB
Patent Applications, Non-Residents22021▼ 33.3%WB
Scientific Journal Articles52022▲ 26.2%WB
High-Technology Exports (USD)$2.3M2023▲ 3634.6%WB
ICT Service Exports (% of service exports)0.1%2024▲ 903.9%WB
ICT Service Exports (USD)$113,4992024▲ 1276.3%WB
Industrial Design Applications, Resident52020—WB
▶Infrastructure5 indicators · 2004–2021 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Air Transport, Passengers Carried75,4162004—WB
Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km)02004—WB
Container Port Traffic (TEU)76,8542019—WB
Electricity from Oil (%)85.8%2021▲ 0.0%WB
Electricity from Nuclear (%)0.0%2021—WB
▶Gender6 indicators · 2020–2025 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Women in Parliament (%)7.1%2024▲ 0.0%WB
Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%)42.9%2023▼ 15.0%WB
Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%)57.2%2025▲ 0.6%WB
Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000)24.82023▼ 0.5%WB
Gender Parity Index, Secondary1.182020—WB
Gender Parity in Primary Education0.952020—WB
▶Governance10 indicators · 2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Control of Corruption-0.312023▲ 26.7%WB
Government Effectiveness-0.122023▲ 30.8%WB
Political Stability1.092023▼ 0.5%WB
Regulatory Quality-0.392023▼ 13.0%WB
Rule of Law0.552023▼ 7.9%WB
Voice & Accountability0.872023▲ 2.5%WB
Control of Corruption (percentile rank)45.3%2023▲ 18.5%WB
Government Effectiveness (percentile rank)45.8%2023▲ 1.0%WB
Rule of Law (percentile rank)67.0%2023▼ 3.4%WB
Political Stability (percentile rank)90.0%2023▲ 1.5%WB
▶Military1 indicator · 2019 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Intentional Homicides (per 100,000)0.92019—WB
▶Poverty & Inequality10 indicators · 2021 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Poverty at $2.15/day (%)0.4%2021—WB
Poverty at $3.65/day (%)1.8%2021—WB
Poverty at $6.85/day (%)26.7%2021—WB
Poverty Headcount, National (%)20.6%2021—WB
Gini Index27.12021—WB
Income Share, Top 10%22.0%2021—WB
Income Share, Bottom 10%4.0%2021—WB
Income Share, Top 20%36.6%2021—WB
Income Share, Bottom 20%9.3%2021—WB
Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%)0.1%2021—WB
▶Social Protection4 indicators · 2020 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Human Capital Index (0–1)0.532020—WB
Human Capital Index, Female0.562020—WB
Human Capital Index, Male0.512020—WB
Learning-Adjusted Years of School7.1 years2020—WB
▶Tourism5 indicators · 2019–2020 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
International Tourism, Arrivals94,0002019—WB
Tourism Receipts (USD)$47.7M2020—WB
Tourism Expenditures (USD)$38.0M2020—WB
Tourism Receipts (% of total exports)50.3%2020—WB
International Tourism, Transport Services (USD)$700,0002020—WB
▶Urban Development5 indicators · 2022–2024 · WB / WHO
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Urban Population Growth (%)-0.4%2024▲ 7.2%WB
Population in Slums (% of urban)0.3%2022▼ 12.1%WB
Rural Population Growth (%)-0.4%2024▲ 4.1%WB
Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%)29.6%2024▲ 0.0%WHO
Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%)31.2%2024▼ 0.0%WHO

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