Germany
Capital: BerlinRegion: Europe & Central AsiaIncome: High income
Germany's GDP is $5.33T (2026), with a population of 83.5M, and GDP per capita of $63,600. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 0.9%, inflation at 1.8%, unemployment at 3.4%, government debt at 66.0% of GDP, life expectancy of 80.5 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators. Explore Germany's full economic profile with 440+ indicators, interactive charts, and historical data below.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook
Economy
Stock Markets
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| DAX | 23,168.08 | 2026 |
Financial Markets
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| 10-Year Government Bond Yield (%) | 2.61% | 2025 |
| Central Bank Policy Rate (%) | 2.26% | 2025 |
| Exchange Rate (per USD) | 0.87 | 2026 |
Currencies
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| EUR/USD | 1.1522 | 2026 |
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 1.8% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 66.0% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -3.4% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 5.1% | 2026 |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 3.4% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 2.3% | 2024 |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 28.3% | 2023 |
| Government Expenditure (% of GDP) | 31.2% | 2022 |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 10.6% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 20.1% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 16.8% | 2023 |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 0.9% | 2023 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $377.94B | 2024 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 2.2 | 2024 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 0.92 | 2024 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 0.7 | 2024 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 79.1% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 41.4% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 37.7% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $1.94T | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $1.76T | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $1.68T | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $1.42T | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 1.0% | 2024 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 1.7% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $47.60B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $21.23B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 0.5% | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 18.0% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 5.8% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $270.45B | 2024 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 77.3% | 2023 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP) | 43.6% | 2024 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (USD) | $2.04T | 2024 |
| Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP) | 19.7% | 2024 |
| Listed Domestic Companies | 435 | 2024 |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 7.3% | 2023 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 1.5% | 2023 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 98.3% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 98.9% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 97.7% | 2024 |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 30.4% | 2021 |
Business Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 40 | 2021 |
Private Sector
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 4.3% | 2021 |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 33.5% | 2021 |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 14.2% | 2021 |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 44.1% | 2021 |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 122 years | 2021 |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 16.2% | 2021 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 83.5M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | 0.3% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 238 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 357,680 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 349,430 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 82.0% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 68.5M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 18.0% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 80.5 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 78.2 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 83.0 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 1.4 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 8.3 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 12.3 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | -334,072 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 13.9% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 62.9% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 23.2% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 59.0% | 2024 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 36.9% | 2024 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 22.1% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 85 | 2020 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 46.2 | 2020 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 43.2M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 60.6% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 55.3% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 66.1% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 3.7% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 3.4% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 4.0% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 6.9% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 1.1% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 26.0% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 73.0% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (%) | 61.7% | 2024 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 4.3% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 91.9% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 44.2% | 2024 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 3.8% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 46.5% | 2025 |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 58.3% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 8.1% | 2025 |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 7.5% | 2024 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 5.2% | 2022 |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 10.7% | 2022 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 102.2% | 2023 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 100.6% | 2023 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 78.6% | 2023 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 99.3% | 2023 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 64.1% | 2023 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 6,559 | 2023 |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 22,689 | 2022 |
| Primary School Teachers | 264,984 | 2022 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 600,912 | 2022 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 12 | 2017 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 12 | 2017 |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 12.9% | 2016 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 96.5 | 2012 |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 41.3% | 2016 |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 26.0% | 2016 |
Health
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 6.9 | 2024 |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 580 | 2024 |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 2,928 | 2023 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 5,947 | 2023 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 39.8% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 17.6% | 2021 |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 100.0% | 2023 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 100.0% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 10.3 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 32.7% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 114,190 | 2023 |
| Arable Land (%) | 33.4% | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 40.1% | 2024 |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 45.4% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 100.0% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 99.2% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 47.5% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 7,007 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 92.7 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 91.5 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 93.3 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 6.1M | 2023 |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 182,464 | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 128.6 | 2023 |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 2.5% | 2023 |
| Agricultural Irrigated Land (%) | 3.1% | 2020 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 24.1% | 2022 |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 42.5M | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 93.5% | 2024 |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 125 | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 45.4 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 152,113.8 | 2024 |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 3.13% | 2022 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 39,822 | 2021 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 18,747 | 2021 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 113,976 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $246.64B | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 11.5% | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $53.94B | 2024 |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 33,448 | 2021 |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 5,787 | 2022 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 80.2M | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 12,766.5 | 2023 |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 13.7M | 2022 |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 33,401 | 2021 |
| Railways, Passengers (million km) | 58,822 | 2020 |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 123,067 | 2021 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 4.10 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 1.0% | 2023 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 1.4% | 2023 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 35.3% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 56.7% | 2024 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 94.1% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 104.9% | 2017 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 5.5 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 104.96 | 2017 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 0.95 | 2020 |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 1.01 | 2020 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | 1.66 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | 1.19 | 2023 |
| Political Stability | 0.59 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | 1.46 | 2023 |
| Rule of Law | 1.55 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | 1.46 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 94.3% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 85.4% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 92.9% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 66.4% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 1.9% | 2024 |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $88.46B | 2024 |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 183,000 | 2020 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 0.4% | 2020 |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 3.9% | 2024 |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 0.9 | 2023 |
Poverty & Inequality
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 0.2% | 2020 |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 0.2% | 2020 |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 0.5% | 2020 |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 14.8% | 2021 |
| Gini Index | 32.4 | 2020 |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 25.0% | 2020 |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 2.9% | 2020 |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 40.0% | 2020 |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 7.8% | 2020 |
| Shared Prosperity Premium (%) | 2.9% | 2020 |
| Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day) | 79.63 | 2020 |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 0.2% | 2020 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.75 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.77 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.74 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 11.0 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 12.4M | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Departures | 99.5M | 2019 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $58.37B | 2019 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $101.23B | 2019 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 3.5% | 2019 |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $16.59B | 2019 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 0.4% | 2024 |
| Population in Largest City | 3.6M | 2025 |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 5.3% | 2025 |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 9.8% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 0.0% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | -0.4% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 99.9% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 96.8% | 2024 |
Explore Rankings
See where Germany ranks globally across key indicators
Compare Germany
Side-by-side economic comparison with other major economies
Similar Economies
Countries in the same region (Europe & Central Asia) or income group (High income)
