Tonga
Capital: Nuku'alofaRegion: East Asia & PacificIncome: Upper middle income
GDP
$616.0M
2026
Population
104,175
2024
GDP per Capita
$6K
2026
Life Expectancy
72.9 years
2023
Economy
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| GDP (Current USD, Billions) | $616.0M | 2026 |
| Real GDP Growth (%) | 2.3% | 2026 |
| GDP per Capita (USD) | $6K | 2026 |
| GDP, PPP (Billions Intl $) | $836.0M | 2026 |
| GDP per Capita, PPP (Intl $) | $8K | 2026 |
| Share of World GDP, PPP (%) | 0.00% | 2026 |
| GNI (Current USD) | $636.7M | 2023 |
| GNI per Capita (USD) | $6K | 2023 |
| GNI per Capita, PPP (USD) | $8K | 2023 |
| Industry Value Added (% of GDP) | 14.9% | 2023 |
| Services Value Added (% of GDP) | 50.0% | 2023 |
| Agriculture Value Added (% of GDP) | 19.0% | 2023 |
| Government Consumption (% of GDP) | 25.1% | 2023 |
| Household Consumption (% of GDP) | 99.8% | 2023 |
| Gross Capital Formation (% of GDP) | 25.9% | 2023 |
| Gross Savings (% of GNI) | 18.6% | 2023 |
| GDP Deflator (%) | 7.4% | 2023 |
| GDP per Person Employed (USD) | $22K | 2023 |
| Manufacturing Value Added (% of GDP) | 5.0% | 2023 |
| Medium/High-Tech Manufacturing (% of total) | 1.6% | 2022 |
| Adjusted Net National Income per Capita (USD) | $4K | 2021 |
| Adjusted Net Savings (% of GNI) | -3.3% | 2021 |
| External Balance on Goods & Services (% of GDP) | -50.1% | 2023 |
| Coal Rents (% of GDP) | 0.00% | 2021 |
| Mineral Rents (% of GDP) | 0.00% | 2021 |
| Oil Rents (% of GDP) | 0.00% | 2021 |
| Natural Gas Rents (% of GDP) | 0.00% | 2021 |
| Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP) | 0.0% | 2021 |
| Forest Rents (% of GDP) | 0.04% | 2021 |
| Industry Value Added (Current USD) | $87.9M | 2023 |
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 2.2% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 37.8% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -7.7% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -6.4% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 3.2% | 2024 |
| Lending Interest Rate (%) | 7.8% | 2024 |
| Deposit Interest Rate (%) | 1.6% | 2024 |
| Government Debt (% of GDP) | 43.1% | 2020 |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 22.6% | 2023 |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 20.5% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 30.0% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 8.9% | 2023 |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 6.8% | 2023 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $377.3M | 2024 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 10.8 | 2024 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 2.37 | 2024 |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 61.0% | 2024 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 79.6% | 2023 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 64.9% | 2023 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $87.2M | 2023 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $383.5M | 2023 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $9.0M | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $295.0M | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 0.4% | 2023 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 0.2% | 2023 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $-12.1M | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $253.8M | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 42.6% | 2023 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 28.5% | 2023 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -6.7% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $-43.5M | 2024 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 35.4% | 2023 |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $173.2M | 2024 |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 2.8% | 2023 |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $114.9M | 2024 |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $43.8M | 2024 |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 20.3% | 2023 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 34.8% | 2024 |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 15.6% | 2023 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 11.2% | 2023 |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 13.5% | 2024 |
Business Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 9 | 2024 |
Private Sector
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 11.0% | 2024 |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 31.2% | 2024 |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 30.2% | 2024 |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 7 years | 2024 |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 7.2% | 2024 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 104,175 | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | -0.4% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 145 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 750 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 720 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 21.2% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 22,034 | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 78.8% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 72.9 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 69.4 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 76.4 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 3.1 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 23.1 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 6.4 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | -2,150 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 35.4% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 57.9% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 6.7% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 72.8% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 212.6 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 111.8 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 33,628 | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 49.8% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 42.3% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 59.0% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 2.0% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 2.5% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 1.5% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 6.0% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 23.6% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 23.3% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 53.0% | 2025 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 33.7% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 58.2% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 44.1% | 2023 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 8.1% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 46.9% | 2025 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 5.3% | 2022 |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 9.3% | 2024 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 108.8% | 2024 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 92.4% | 2024 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 42.9% | 2023 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 108.1% | 2024 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 99.4% | 2024 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 354 | 2022 |
| Primary School Teachers | 818 | 2024 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 22 | 2015 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 15 | 2015 |
Health
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Health Spending (% of GDP) | 7.4% | 2023 |
| Health Spending per Capita (USD) | $358 | 2023 |
| Government Health Spending (% of GDP) | 3.4% | 2023 |
| Out-of-Pocket Health Spending (% of total) | 5.9% | 2023 |
| Physicians (per 1,000 people) | 1.0 | 2021 |
| Nurses & Midwives (per 1,000) | 4.2 | 2021 |
| Infant Mortality (per 1,000 live births) | 9.9 | 2023 |
| Under-5 Mortality, Female (per 1,000) | 8.8 | 2023 |
| Under-5 Mortality, Male (per 1,000) | 10.9 | 2023 |
| Cause of Death, Communicable (%) | 11.1% | 2019 |
| Cause of Death, Non-Communicable (%) | 79.4% | 2019 |
| Cause of Death, Injury (%) | 9.5% | 2019 |
| Measles Immunization (% of children) | 99.0% | 2024 |
| DPT Immunization (% of children) | 99.0% | 2024 |
| Tuberculosis Incidence (per 100,000) | 2 | 2024 |
| Smoking Prevalence, Males (%) | 47.0% | 2022 |
| Smoking Prevalence, Females (%) | 15.5% | 2022 |
| Suicide Mortality Rate (per 100,000) | 4.7 | 2021 |
| Alcohol Consumption (liters per capita) | 0.4 | 2020 |
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 14.2% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 2.3% | 2022 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 90.1% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 12.5 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 12.4% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 90 | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 0.1% | 2024 |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 0.1% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 98.9% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 93.9% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 48.6% | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 97.8 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 97.2 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 100.9 | 2022 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 4.5 | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 58.5% | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 8.2 | 2022 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 969.5 | 2024 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 2 | 2021 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 5 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $2.3M | 2023 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 0.1% | 2024 |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 5 | 2020 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 76,854 | 2019 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 85.8% | 2021 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 7.1% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 42.9% | 2023 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 57.2% | 2025 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 24.8 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 1.18 | 2020 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.31 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.12 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | -0.39 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | 0.87 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 45.3% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 45.8% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 67.0% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 90.0% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 0.9 | 2019 |
Poverty & Inequality
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 0.4% | 2021 |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 1.8% | 2021 |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 26.7% | 2021 |
| Gini Index | 27.1 | 2021 |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 22.0% | 2021 |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 4.0% | 2021 |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 36.6% | 2021 |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 9.3% | 2021 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.53 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.56 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.51 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 7.1 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 94,000 | 2019 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $47.7M | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $38.0M | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 50.3% | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $700K | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 0.3% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | -0.4% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 31.2% | 2024 |