Syrian Arab Republic
SYRMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & PakistanLow incomeCapital: DamascusEconomy
Fiscal
People
Health
Education
Trade
Energy / Env
Tech
Governance
Equality
Infra
Labor
61/80 indicators · percentile vs world (IMF / WB / WHO)underover
Syrian Arab Republic in world space2000–2010
192 countries · log scale on X world Syrian Arab Republic· trajectory line: 1980 → today
▶About Syrian Arab Republic
with a population of 24.7M. Key indicators include life expectancy of 72.1 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators.
The Syrian Arab Republic's economy has been significantly impacted by ongoing conflicts, leading to a substantial decline in trade relative to GDP, which stood at approximately 35.61% in 2022. The country faces considerable economic challenges, including high unemployment rates projected to reach 13.57% by 2025. These economic difficulties are compounded by the destruction of infrastructure and the displacement of a significant portion of the population. Societal indicators reflect the strain of prolonged conflict. Life expectancy is estimated to be 72.12 years in 2023, despite the harsh conditions. The population is projected to be around 24.67 million in 2024, showcasing resilience amidst adversity. The capital, Damascus, remains a key urban center, though it too has experienced significant disruption.
▶Economy20 indicators · 2020–2022 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GNI (Current USD) | $22.82B | 2022 | ▲ 65.0% | WB |
| GNI per Capita (USD) | $710 | 2022 | ▲ 1.4% | WB |
| GNI per Capita, PPP (USD) | $4,610 | 2022 | ▲ 4.1% | WB |
| Industry Value Added (% of GDP) | 12.0% | 2022 | ▼ 35.7% | WB |
| Services Value Added (% of GDP) | 44.9% | 2022 | ▲ 9.1% | WB |
| Agriculture Value Added (% of GDP) | 43.1% | 2022 | ▲ 7.3% | WB |
| Government Consumption (% of GDP) | 2.7% | 2022 | ▼ 60.2% | WB |
| Household Consumption (% of GDP) | 114.8% | 2022 | ▲ 42.6% | WB |
| GDP Deflator (%) | 112.1% | 2022 | ▼ 5.2% | WB |
| GDP per Person Employed (USD) | $20,211 | 2022 | ▼ 9.3% | WB |
| Medium/High-Tech Manufacturing (% of total) | 21.5% | 2022 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Adjusted Net National Income per Capita (USD) | $479 | 2020 | ▼ 52.3% | WB |
| External Balance on Goods & Services (% of GDP) | -22.0% | 2022 | ▲ 27.2% | WB |
| Coal Rents (% of GDP) | 0.00% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Mineral Rents (% of GDP) | 0.00% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Oil Rents (% of GDP) | 4.02% | 2020 | ▲ 62.9% | WB |
| Natural Gas Rents (% of GDP) | 2.33% | 2020 | ▲ 81.3% | WB |
| Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP) | 6.4% | 2020 | ▲ 69.1% | WB |
| Forest Rents (% of GDP) | 0.03% | 2020 | ▲ 58.5% | WB |
| Industry Value Added (Current USD) | $2.83B | 2022 | ▲ 5.8% | WB |
▶Fiscal & Monetary3 indicators · 2019–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 13.4% | 2019 | — | WB |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 2,505.75 | 2022 | ▲ 99.5% | WB |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 1,757.52 | 2023 | ▲ 112.7% | WB |
▶Trade7 indicators · 2022–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 35.6% | 2022 | ▼ 41.8% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 6.8% | 2022 | ▼ 56.1% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 28.8% | 2022 | ▼ 37.0% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $1.61B | 2022 | ▼ 27.7% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $6.80B | 2022 | ▲ 3.7% | WB |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $3.34B | 2024 | ▲ 10.0% | WB |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $6.28B | 2024 | ▲ 5.0% | WB |
▶External Debt7 indicators · 2022–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 25.3% | 2023 | ▲ 18.9% | WB |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $4.76B | 2024 | ▼ 2.4% | WB |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 0.0% | 2022 | ▲ 1356.3% | WB |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $4.00B | 2024 | — | WB |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $731.1M | 2024 | ▼ 2.8% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 31.5% | 2022 | ▼ 55.1% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $9.21B | 2023 | ▲ 28.2% | WB |
▶People23 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 24.7M | 2024 | ▲ 4.6% | WB |
| Population Growth (%) | 4.5% | 2024 | ▼ 9.2% | WB |
| Population Density (per km²) | 128 | 2023 | ▲ 5.0% | WB |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 185,180 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Land Area (sq km) | 183,630 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Urban Population (%) | 72.1% | 2024 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Urban Population (total) | 17.8M | 2024 | ▲ 4.4% | WB |
| Rural Population (%) | 27.9% | 2024 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 72.1 years | 2023 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 69.8 years | 2023 | ▼ 0.8% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 74.4 years | 2023 | ▼ 1.1% | WB |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 2.7 | 2023 | ▼ 1.2% | WB |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 22.1 | 2023 | ▲ 4.1% | WB |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 5 | 2023 | ▲ 5.6% | WB |
| Net Migration | 421,693 | 2025 | ▼ 22.8% | WB |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 29.2% | 2024 | ▼ 3.9% | WB |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 66.1% | 2024 | ▲ 1.7% | WB |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 4.7% | 2024 | ▲ 1.2% | WB |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 51.3% | 2024 | ▼ 4.8% | WB |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 7.2% | 2024 | ▼ 0.5% | WB |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 44.1% | 2024 | ▼ 5.5% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 167.6 | 2023 | ▲ 4.5% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 107.8 | 2023 | ▲ 10.0% | WB |
▶Labor17 indicators · 2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 6.8M | 2025 | ▲ 4.6% | WB |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 36.9% | 2025 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 12.7% | 2025 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 61.4% | 2025 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Unemployment (%) | 13.6% | 2025 | ▲ 1.6% | WB |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 26.1% | 2025 | ▲ 3.0% | WB |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 10.9% | 2025 | ▲ 0.9% | WB |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 33.1% | 2025 | ▲ 1.0% | WB |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 16.3% | 2025 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 25.2% | 2025 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Employment in Services (%) | 58.5% | 2025 | ▲ 0.7% | WB |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 38.9% | 2025 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 57.6% | 2025 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 3.6% | 2025 | ▼ 1.6% | WB |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 17.4% | 2025 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 31.9% | 2025 | ▼ 0.5% | WB |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 42.4% | 2025 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
▶Education16 indicators · 2009–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 94.4% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Female Literacy Rate (%) | 91.8% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 97.2% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 98.4% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 81.4% | 2024 | ▲ 6.0% | WB |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 38.7% | 2024 | ▼ 1.9% | WB |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 60.1% | 2024 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 42.7% | 2024 | ▼ 1.3% | WB |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 581,845 | 2024 | ▼ 21.9% | WB |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 279,350 | 2024 | ▼ 22.2% | WB |
| Primary School Teachers | 144,621 | 2024 | ▼ 1.2% | WB |
| Secondary School Teachers | 54,596 | 2024 | ▲ 2.1% | WB |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 38.9% | 2009 | — | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 88.4 | 2023 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 36.9% | 2009 | — | WB |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 24.2% | 2009 | — | WB |
▶Health38 indicators · 2010–2024 · WHO
▶Energy & Environment16 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 1.3 | 2024 | ▼ 4.1% | WB |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 31 | 2024 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 455 | 2022 | ▼ 7.6% | WB |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 690 | 2022 | ▼ 11.1% | WB |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 3.9% | 2021 | ▲ 1.4% | WB |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 1.1% | 2021 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 88.4% | 2023 | ▼ 0.7% | WB |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 88.8% | 2023 | ▼ 1.4% | WB |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 24.7 | 2020 | ▼ 6.7% | WB |
| Forest Area (%) | 2.8% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 5,221 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Arable Land (%) | 24.0% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 0.7% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 0.2% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 94.1% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WHO |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 95.6% | 2024 | ▲ 0.3% | WHO |
▶Agriculture12 indicators · 2022–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 74.1% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 1,815 | 2023 | ▲ 91.0% | WB |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 97 | 2022 | ▼ 3.6% | WB |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 96.3 | 2022 | ▼ 4.2% | WB |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 98.9 | 2022 | ▼ 0.5% | WB |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 2.7M | 2023 | ▲ 12.2% | WB |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 4,450 | 2023 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 17.3 | 2023 | ▲ 169.8% | WB |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 39.0% | 2023 | ▲ 8.6% | WB |
| Agricultural Irrigated Land (%) | 7.2% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 195.8% | 2022 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 4.9M | 2023 | ▲ 114.3% | WB |
▶Technology10 indicators · 2019–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 34.6% | 2019 | ▲ 2.6% | WB |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 72 | 2023 | ▼ 7.9% | WB |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 6.9 | 2023 | ▼ 4.2% | WB |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 113.9 | 2024 | ▲ 22.1% | WB |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 0.07% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 102 | 2021 | ▲ 34.2% | WB |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 20 | 2021 | ▲ 25.0% | WB |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 584 | 2022 | ▲ 7.5% | WB |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 406 | 2021 | ▲ 23.8% | WB |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 140 | 2022 | — | WB |
▶Infrastructure8 indicators · 2010–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 610,745 | 2023 | ▼ 32.5% | WB |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 1.6 | 2023 | ▼ 25.3% | WB |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 243,348 | 2020 | ▼ 25.1% | WB |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 2,139 | 2010 | — | WB |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 2,206 | 2010 | — | WB |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.30 | 2022 | — | WB |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 57.3% | 2022 | ▲ 8.6% | WB |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Gender5 indicators · 2013–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 9.6% | 2024 | ▼ 11.1% | WB |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 76.6% | 2025 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 38.9 | 2023 | ▼ 2.0% | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 0.99 | 2013 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 0.97 | 2013 | — | WB |
▶Governance10 indicators · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -1.75 | 2023 | ▲ 1.5% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness | -1.79 | 2023 | ▼ 2.0% | WB |
| Political Stability | -2.75 | 2023 | ▲ 0.9% | WB |
| Regulatory Quality | -1.81 | 2023 | ▲ 0.8% | WB |
| Rule of Law | -2.04 | 2023 | ▲ 1.6% | WB |
| Voice & Accountability | -1.85 | 2023 | ▲ 2.2% | WB |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 0.5% | 2023 | ▼ 50.0% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 3.3% | 2023 | ▲ 16.7% | WB |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 1.4% | 2023 | ▲ 50.0% | WB |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 0.0% | 2023 | — | WB |
▶Military2 indicators · 2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Armed Forces Personnel | 269,000 | 2020 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 5.4% | 2020 | ▼ 0.5% | WB |
▶Poverty & Inequality9 indicators · 2022 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 16.5% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 39.3% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 87.9% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Gini Index | 26.6 | 2022 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 21.1% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 3.8% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 35.9% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 9.2% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 3.7% | 2022 | — | WB |
▶Tourism1 indicator · 2019 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 2.4M | 2019 | — | WB |
▶Urban Development6 indicators · 2022–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 4.3% | 2024 | ▲ 0.9% | WB |
| Population in Largest City | 2.8M | 2025 | ▲ 4.3% | WB |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 15.2% | 2025 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 26.5% | 2025 | ▲ 0.7% | WB |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 41.1% | 2022 | ▲ 60.8% | WB |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | 4.8% | 2024 | ▼ 26.6% | WB |
