Eswatini
Capital: MbabaneRegion: Sub-Saharan Africa Income: Lower middle income
GDP
$5.50B
2026
Population
1.2M
2024
GDP per Capita
$5K
2026
Life Expectancy
64.1 years
2023
Economy
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| GDP (Current USD, Billions) | $5.50B | 2026 |
| Real GDP Growth (%) | 4.6% | 2026 |
| GDP per Capita (USD) | $5K | 2026 |
| GDP, PPP (Billions Intl $) | $16.72B | 2026 |
| GDP per Capita, PPP (Intl $) | $14K | 2026 |
| Share of World GDP, PPP (%) | 0.01% | 2026 |
| GNI (Current USD) | $4.43B | 2024 |
| GNI per Capita (USD) | $4K | 2024 |
| GNI per Capita, PPP (USD) | $11K | 2024 |
| Industry Value Added (% of GDP) | 34.7% | 2024 |
| Services Value Added (% of GDP) | 51.4% | 2024 |
| Agriculture Value Added (% of GDP) | 6.5% | 2024 |
| Government Consumption (% of GDP) | 21.5% | 2024 |
| Household Consumption (% of GDP) | 63.5% | 2024 |
| Gross Capital Formation (% of GDP) | 15.0% | 2024 |
| Gross Savings (% of GNI) | 21.5% | 2024 |
| GDP Deflator (%) | 1.4% | 2024 |
| GDP per Person Employed (USD) | $47K | 2024 |
| Manufacturing Value Added (% of GDP) | 29.1% | 2024 |
| Medium/High-Tech Manufacturing (% of total) | 2.2% | 2022 |
| Adjusted Net National Income per Capita (USD) | $3K | 2021 |
| Adjusted Net Savings (% of GNI) | 4.7% | 2021 |
| External Balance on Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 0.0% | 2024 |
| Coal Rents (% of GDP) | 0.14% | 2021 |
| Mineral Rents (% of GDP) | 0.00% | 2021 |
| Oil Rents (% of GDP) | 0.00% | 2021 |
| Natural Gas Rents (% of GDP) | 0.00% | 2021 |
| Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP) | 3.0% | 2021 |
| Forest Rents (% of GDP) | 2.86% | 2021 |
| Industry Value Added (Current USD) | $1.69B | 2024 |
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 4.0% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 43.5% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -4.2% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -1.4% | 2026 |
| Total Investment (% of GDP) | 14.8% | 2026 |
| Gross National Savings (% of GDP) | 13.4% | 2026 |
| Lending Interest Rate (%) | 10.9% | 2024 |
| Deposit Interest Rate (%) | 3.9% | 2024 |
| Government Debt (% of GDP) | 35.7% | 2021 |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 25.1% | 2021 |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 24.3% | 2021 |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 25.8% | 2021 |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 34.4% | 2021 |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 5.3% | 2021 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $479.3M | 2023 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 2.1 | 2023 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 18.32 | 2024 |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 28.4% | 2022 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 107.5% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 53.7% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $2.61B | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $2.61B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $2.33B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $2.07B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 1.6% | 2024 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 1.3% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $75.5M | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $33.3M | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 0.7% | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 0.3% | 2023 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 1.6% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $78.3M | 2024 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 27.8% | 2024 |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $1.24B | 2024 |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 4.7% | 2024 |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $748.6M | 2024 |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $199.5M | 2024 |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 2.6% | 2023 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 21.6% | 2024 |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 12.9% | 2023 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 6.9% | 2023 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 65.1% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 65.4% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 64.8% | 2024 |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 27.8% | 2024 |
Business Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 54 | 2024 |
Private Sector
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 9.7% | 2024 |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 50.2% | 2024 |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 34.0% | 2024 |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 3 years | 2024 |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 69.8% | 2024 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 1.2M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | 1.0% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 72 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 17,360 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 17,200 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 26.2% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 326,239 | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 73.8% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 64.1 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 61.2 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 67.0 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 2.8 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 24.1 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 7.7 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | -5,775 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 33.4% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 62.4% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 4.3% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 60.3% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 348.9 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 232.5 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 430,869 | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 51.2% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 48.5% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 54.0% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 34.2% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 36.0% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 32.5% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 54.3% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 14.5% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 26.7% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 58.7% | 2025 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 28.4% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 69.8% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 25.0% | 2023 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 1.8% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 48.8% | 2025 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 6.0% | 2024 |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 19.2% | 2025 |
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 90.8% | 2022 |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 91.1% | 2022 |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 98.7% | 2022 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 116.5% | 2023 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 88.3% | 2022 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 93.6% | 2023 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 67.6% | 2023 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 7,275 | 2022 |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 4,410 | 2022 |
| Primary School Teachers | 8,880 | 2023 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 7,225 | 2022 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 27 | 2017 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 16 | 2016 |
Health
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Health Spending (% of GDP) | 7.5% | 2023 |
| Health Spending per Capita (USD) | $296 | 2023 |
| Government Health Spending (% of GDP) | 3.2% | 2023 |
| Out-of-Pocket Health Spending (% of total) | 11.0% | 2023 |
| Physicians (per 1,000 people) | 0.6 | 2023 |
| Nurses & Midwives (per 1,000) | 4.3 | 2023 |
| Infant Mortality (per 1,000 live births) | 45.0 | 2023 |
| Under-5 Mortality, Female (per 1,000) | 40.2 | 2023 |
| Under-5 Mortality, Male (per 1,000) | 49.5 | 2023 |
| Cause of Death, Communicable (%) | 42.1% | 2019 |
| Cause of Death, Non-Communicable (%) | 45.9% | 2019 |
| Cause of Death, Injury (%) | 12.1% | 2019 |
| Measles Immunization (% of children) | 85.0% | 2024 |
| DPT Immunization (% of children) | 84.0% | 2024 |
| HIV Incidence (per 1,000) | 4.20 | 2024 |
| Tuberculosis Incidence (per 100,000) | 319 | 2024 |
| Stunting, Children Under 5 (%) | 20.0% | 2021 |
| Overweight, Children Under 5 (%) | 9.8% | 2021 |
| Smoking Prevalence, Males (%) | 17.4% | 2022 |
| Smoking Prevalence, Females (%) | 1.5% | 2022 |
| Suicide Mortality Rate (per 100,000) | 27.2 | 2021 |
| Alcohol Consumption (liters per capita) | 6.8 | 2020 |
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 959 | 2022 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 1,137 | 2022 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 83.1% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 64.7% | 2022 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 50.3% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 18.8 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 29.1% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 5,012 | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 4.2% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 80.4% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 64.5% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 69.5% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 1,228 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 106.0 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 107.5 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 100.2 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 71,001 | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 80.9 | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 40.5% | 2022 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 57.6% | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 2.8 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 116.7 | 2024 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 43 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $3.6M | 2023 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 2.6% | 2024 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 34,663 | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 0.0 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 0.2% | 2021 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 21.6% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 48.4% | 2023 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 64.8% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 94.9% | 2017 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 68.7 | 2023 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.73 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.88 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | -0.72 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | -1.16 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 25.0% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 19.3% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 28.3% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 30.8% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 1.4% | 2024 |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 12.5 | 2021 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.37 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.32 | 2010 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.30 | 2010 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 4.5 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 345,300 | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Departures | 488,000 | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $7.3M | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $36.4M | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 0.4% | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $300K | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 17.0% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | 0.4% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 60.8% | 2024 |