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China

CHNEast Asia & PacificUpper middle incomeCapital: Beijing
Economy
Fiscal
People
Health
Education
Trade
Energy / Env
Tech
Governance
Equality
Infra
Labor
75/80 indicators · percentile vs world (IMF / WB / WHO)underover
GDP
$22,017
2027▲ 6.6%
Population
1.41B
2024▼ 0.1%
GDP per Capita
$15,741
2027▲ 6.9%
Life Expectancy
78.0 years
2023▼ 0.3%
China in world space2000–2023
1k10k100k505560657075808590GDP per capita (USD, log)Life expectancy (years)20002023
192 countries · log scale on X world China· trajectory line: 1980 → today
▶About China

China's GDP is $20.65T (2026), with a population of 1.41B, and GDP per capita of $14,730. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 4.2%, inflation at 0.7%, unemployment at 5.1%, government debt at 102.3% of GDP, life expectancy of 78.0 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators.

Located in East Asia & Pacific, this upper middle-income economy is the world's second-largest by GDP, with a nominal GDP of $20.65 trillion in 2026. The economy exhibits steady growth with a real GDP growth rate of 4.2% in 2026 and a GDP per capita of $15,000. The country's trade openness is significant, with trade accounting for 37.2% of GDP in 2024. Foreign direct investment inflows are relatively low at 0.1% of GDP. The economy maintains a low inflation rate of 0.7% in 2026, with an unemployment rate of 5.1%. The GNI per capita stands at $14,000 in 2024, reflecting a substantial but still developing economic status. The population is approximately 1.41 billion in 2024, with a life expectancy at birth of 78.0 years in 2023. The fertility rate is notably low at 1.0 births per woman. Health spending constitutes 5.9% of GDP, indicating investments in public health. The Gini Index of 36.0 in 2022 suggests moderate income inequality. The unemployment rate is projected to be 4.6% in 2025, reflecting a relatively stable labor market.

▶Economy30 indicators · 2021–2027 · IMF / WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
GDP (Current USD, Billions)$22,0172027▲ 6.6%IMF
Real GDP Growth (%)4.2%2027▲ 0.0%IMF
GDP per Capita (USD)$15,7412027▲ 6.9%IMF
GDP, PPP (Billions Intl $)$46,0722027▲ 5.9%IMF
GDP per Capita, PPP (Intl $)$32,9392027▲ 6.2%IMF
Share of World GDP, PPP (%)20.03%2027▲ 1.0%IMF
GNI (Current USD)$18.62T2024▲ 2.6%WB
GNI per Capita (USD)$13,6602024▼ 0.7%WB
GNI per Capita, PPP (USD)$26,9202024▲ 7.7%WB
Industry Value Added (% of GDP)36.5%2024▼ 0.8%WB
Services Value Added (% of GDP)56.7%2024▲ 0.7%WB
Agriculture Value Added (% of GDP)6.8%2024▼ 1.6%WB
Government Consumption (% of GDP)16.6%2024▼ 3.2%WB
Household Consumption (% of GDP)39.9%2024▲ 0.9%WB
Gross Capital Formation (% of GDP)40.6%2024▼ 1.3%WB
Gross Savings (% of GNI)42.8%2024▲ 0.6%WB
GDP Deflator (%)-0.7%2024▼ 39.8%WB
GDP per Person Employed (USD)$45,8422024▲ 5.8%WB
Manufacturing Value Added (% of GDP)24.9%2024▼ 2.5%WB
Medium/High-Tech Manufacturing (% of total)41.5%2022▲ 0.0%WB
Adjusted Net National Income per Capita (USD)$9,0152021—WB
Adjusted Net Savings (% of GNI)16.3%2021—WB
External Balance on Goods & Services (% of GDP)2.8%2024▲ 35.6%WB
Coal Rents (% of GDP)0.61%2021—WB
Mineral Rents (% of GDP)0.51%2021—WB
Oil Rents (% of GDP)0.31%2021—WB
Natural Gas Rents (% of GDP)0.21%2021—WB
Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP)1.7%2021—WB
Forest Rents (% of GDP)0.07%2021—WB
Industry Value Added (Current USD)$6.84T2024▲ 1.8%WB
▶Stock Markets1 indicator · 2026 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Shanghai Composite3,986.222026▲ 0.4%WB
▶Financial Markets3 indicators · 2024–2026 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Central Bank Policy Rate (%)2.90%2024▲ 0.0%WB
Exchange Rate (per USD)6.852026—WB
Exchange Rate (per EUR)8.122025▲ 4.3%WB
▶Currencies1 indicator · 2026 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
USD/CNY6.82842026▼ 2.4%WB
▶Fiscal & Monetary19 indicators · 2023–2027 · IMF / WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Inflation, Consumer Prices (%)1.4%2027▲ 100.0%IMF
Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP)106.3%2027▲ 3.9%IMF
Fiscal Balance (% of GDP)-8.4%2027▲ 1.2%IMF
Current Account Balance (% of GDP)2.5%2027▼ 10.7%IMF
Unemployment Rate (%)5.1%2027▲ 0.0%IMF
Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank)0.2%2024▼ 7.1%WB
Real Interest Rate (%)5.1%2024▲ 4.4%WB
Lending Interest Rate (%)4.3%2024▲ 0.0%WB
Deposit Interest Rate (%)1.5%2024▲ 0.0%WB
Government Revenue (% of GDP)15.1%2023▲ 2.8%WB
Tax Revenue (% of GDP)7.6%2023▲ 1.6%WB
Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue)31.2%2023▲ 6.6%WB
Taxes on International Trade (% of revenue)1.4%2023▼ 15.7%WB
Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev)18.1%2023▼ 11.1%WB
Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD)$3.46T2024▲ 0.2%WB
Total Reserves (months of imports)11.22024▼ 3.5%WB
Official Exchange Rate (per USD)7.22024▲ 1.6%WB
PPP Conversion Factor3.532024▼ 3.1%WB
Broad Money (% of GDP)227.5%2024▲ 2.5%WB
▶Trade15 indicators · 2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Trade (% of GDP)37.2%2024▲ 3.0%WB
Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP)20.0%2024▲ 4.8%WB
Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP)17.2%2024▲ 1.0%WB
Exports of Goods & Services (USD)$3.75T2024▲ 7.5%WB
Imports of Goods & Services (USD)$3.22T2024▲ 3.6%WB
Merchandise Exports (USD)$3.58T2024▲ 5.8%WB
Merchandise Imports (USD)$2.58T2024▲ 1.1%WB
FDI Inflows (% of GDP)0.1%2024▼ 64.8%WB
FDI Outflows (% of GDP)0.9%2024▼ 25.6%WB
FDI Net Inflows (USD)$18.56B2024▼ 63.9%WB
Personal Remittances Received (USD)$31.41B2024▲ 6.5%WB
Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP)0.2%2024▲ 3.8%WB
High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured)26.3%2024▼ 1.1%WB
Current Account Balance (% of GDP)2.3%2024▲ 56.9%WB
Current Account Balance (USD)$423.92B2024▲ 61.0%WB
▶External Debt7 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
External Debt (% of GNI)13.0%2024▼ 3.7%WB
External Debt Stocks (USD)$2.42T2024▼ 1.1%WB
Total Debt Service (% of GNI)1.9%2024▼ 23.8%WB
Present Value of External Debt (USD)$471.97B2024—WB
Use of IMF Credit (USD)$47.22B2024▼ 2.8%WB
Net ODA Received (% of GNI)-0.0%2023▲ 4.6%WB
Net ODA Received (USD)$-267.2M2023▲ 4.7%WB
▶Finance11 indicators · 2021–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP)194.2%2024▲ 2.4%WB
Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP)62.7%2024▲ 4.8%WB
Stock Market Capitalization (USD)$11.76T2024▲ 7.5%WB
Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP)186.1%2024▲ 14.0%WB
Listed Domestic Companies11,2312024▼ 1.0%WB
Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%)7.8%2021▲ 2.8%WB
Bank Nonperforming Loans (%)1.7%2021▼ 6.1%WB
Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%)89.4%2024▲ 0.8%WB
Account Ownership, Female (%)89.2%2024▲ 2.1%WB
Account Ownership, Male (%)89.6%2024▼ 0.4%WB
Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%)12.7%2024—WB
▶Business Environment1 indicator · 2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Time to Get Electricity (days)62024—WB
▶Private Sector6 indicators · 2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%)0.3%2024—WB
Firms with Female Top Manager (%)44.0%2024—WB
Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%)19.6%2024—WB
Firms Offering Training (%)79.1%2024—WB
Average Firm Age (years)6 years2024—WB
Firms Using Computers (%)12.2%2024—WB
▶People23 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Population1.41B2024▼ 0.1%WB
Population Growth (%)-0.1%2024▼ 18.6%WB
Population Density (per km²)1502023▼ 0.1%WB
Surface Area (sq km)9.6M2023▲ 0.0%WB
Land Area (sq km)9.4M2023▲ 0.0%WB
Urban Population (%)65.9%2024▲ 0.6%WB
Urban Population (total)928.4M2024▲ 0.4%WB
Rural Population (%)34.1%2024▼ 1.1%WB
Life Expectancy at Birth78.0 years2023▼ 0.3%WB
Life Expectancy, Male75.2 years2023▼ 0.4%WB
Life Expectancy, Female80.9 years2023▼ 0.3%WB
Fertility Rate (births per woman)12023▼ 3.4%WB
Birth Rate (per 1,000)6.42023▼ 5.6%WB
Death Rate (per 1,000)7.92023▲ 6.8%WB
Net Migration-268,1262025▲ 15.9%WB
Population Ages 0–14 (%)16.0%2024▼ 3.5%WB
Population Ages 15–64 (%)69.3%2024▲ 0.3%WB
Population Ages 65+ (%)14.7%2024▲ 2.4%WB
Age Dependency Ratio (%)44.2%2024▼ 1.1%WB
Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%)21.2%2024▲ 2.1%WB
Youth Dependency Ratio (%)23.1%2024▼ 3.8%WB
Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000)107.92023▲ 0.1%WB
Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000)55.32023▲ 0.8%WB
▶Labor18 indicators · 2000–2025 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Total Labor Force767.6M2025▼ 0.1%WB
Labor Force Participation (%)64.6%2025▼ 0.6%WB
Female Labor Force Participation (%)59.1%2025▼ 0.5%WB
Male Labor Force Participation (%)69.9%2025▼ 0.6%WB
Unemployment (%)4.6%2025▲ 0.5%WB
Female Unemployment (%)4.0%2025▲ 0.4%WB
Male Unemployment (%)5.1%2025▲ 0.7%WB
Youth Unemployment (%)15.8%2025▲ 5.0%WB
Employment in Agriculture (%)21.7%2025▼ 2.4%WB
Employment in Industry (%)31.8%2025▲ 0.5%WB
Employment in Services (%)46.5%2025▲ 0.8%WB
Vulnerable Employment (%)33.4%2025▼ 1.2%WB
Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total)62.3%2025▲ 0.6%WB
Employers (% of total employment)4.3%2025▲ 0.5%WB
Labor Force, Female (% of total)45.4%2025▲ 0.1%WB
Employment to Population Ratio (%)61.6%2025▼ 0.6%WB
Self-Employed (% of total)37.7%2025▼ 1.0%WB
NEET Youth (% not in education/employment)12.7%2000—WB
▶Education16 indicators · 2010–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Education Spending (% of GDP)4.0%2023—WB
Education Spending (% of govt expenditure)11.9%2023—WB
Adult Literacy Rate (%)96.7%2020—WB
Female Literacy Rate (%)95.1%2020—WB
Male Literacy Rate (%)98.4%2020—WB
Youth Literacy Rate (%)99.8%2020—WB
Primary School Enrollment (%)99.6%2024▲ 0.5%WB
Secondary School Enrollment (%)92.3%2012—WB
Tertiary School Enrollment (%)76.9%2024▲ 3.1%WB
Primary Completion Rate (%)103.5%2010—WB
Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%)103.6%2012—WB
Primary School Teachers6.7M2024▲ 0.3%WB
Secondary School Teachers7.4M2024▲ 2.2%WB
Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary162018—WB
Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary132018—WB
Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary)96.82020—WB
▶Health37 indicators · 2013–2024 · WHO
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Health Spending (% of GDP)5.9%2023▲ 1.1%WHO
Health Spending per Capita (USD)$7632023▲ 1.1%WHO
Government Health Spending (% of GDP)3.4%2023▲ 0.0%WHO
Out-of-Pocket Health Spending (% of total)32.2%2023▲ 1.7%WHO
Physicians (per 1,000 people)3.12022▲ 23.6%WHO
Nurses & Midwives (per 1,000)3.72022▲ 4.2%WHO
Hospital Beds (per 1,000)5.62023▲ 4.6%WHO
Infant Mortality (per 1,000 live births)6.22023▼ 6.1%WHO
Neonatal Mortality (per 1,000)2.82023▼ 6.7%WHO
Maternal Mortality (per 100,000)162023▼ 11.1%WHO
Under-5 Mortality, Female (per 1,000)5.92023▼ 4.8%WHO
Under-5 Mortality, Male (per 1,000)6.52023▼ 5.8%WHO
Cause of Death, Communicable (%)3.5%2019—WHO
Cause of Death, Non-Communicable (%)89.6%2019—WHO
Cause of Death, Injury (%)6.8%2019—WHO
Measles Immunization (% of children)95.0%2024▲ 0.0%WHO
DPT Immunization (% of children)97.0%2024▲ 1.0%WHO
Tuberculosis Incidence (per 100,000)492024▼ 5.8%WHO
Smoking Prevalence, Males (%)45.1%2022▼ 0.2%WHO
Smoking Prevalence, Females (%)1.6%2022▲ 0.0%WHO
Suicide Mortality Rate (per 100,000)8.92021▲ 1.5%WHO
Alcohol Consumption (liters per capita)4.62020—WHO
Maternal Deaths1,4462023▼ 16.4%WHO
Tuberculosis Incidence (per 100K)492024▼ 5.8%WHO
Malaria Deaths (estimated)02024—WHO
Malaria Incidence (per 1K at risk)02024—WHO
DTP3 Immunization Coverage (%)97%2024▲ 1.0%WHO
Measles Immunization Coverage (%)95%2024▲ 0.0%WHO
Hepatitis B Immunization Coverage (%)96%2024▲ 0.0%WHO
Physicians (total)282023▲ 7.9%WHO
Nursing & Midwifery Personnel402023▲ 8.1%WHO
Dentists (total)5.6M2023▲ 7.9%WHO
Child Wasting (<5 years, %)1.9%2017—WHO
Child Underweight (<5 years, %)2.4%2013—WHO
Universal Health Coverage Index852023▲ 1.2%WHO
Road Traffic Death Rate (per 100K)248,0992021—WHO
Health Expenditure per Capita (WHO, USD)$7632023▲ 1.1%WHO
▶Energy & Environment16 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB / WHO
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita)9.32024▲ 0.9%WB
CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes)13,1252024▲ 0.8%WB
Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita)2,8512023▲ 6.5%WB
Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita)6,5242023▲ 6.7%WB
Renewable Electricity Output (%)28.4%2021—WB
Renewable Energy Consumption (%)15.2%2021—WB
Access to Electricity (%)100.0%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%)88.7%2023▲ 1.7%WB
PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³)34.82020—WB
Forest Area (%)24.0%2023▲ 0.8%WB
Forest Area (sq km)2.3M2023▲ 0.8%WB
Arable Land (%)11.5%2023▼ 0.1%WB
Terrestrial Protected Areas (%)14.7%2024▲ 0.0%WB
Marine Protected Areas (%)4.8%2024▼ 12.7%WB
Access to Basic Drinking Water (%)96.1%2024▲ 0.0%WHO
Access to Basic Sanitation (%)97.3%2024▲ 0.0%WHO
▶Agriculture11 indicators · 2022–2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Agricultural Land (%)55.4%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Cereal Yield (kg per hectare)6,4182023▲ 0.6%WB
Food Production Index (2014–2016=100)111.82022▲ 1.7%WB
Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100)111.82022▲ 1.9%WB
Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100)109.52022▲ 1.3%WB
Land Under Cereal Production (hectares)100.0M2023▲ 0.8%WB
Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes)13.4M2023▲ 1.8%WB
Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare)3942023▼ 0.3%WB
Prevalence of Undernourishment (%)2.5%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal)20.2%2022▲ 0.0%WB
Cereal Production (metric tons)641.7M2023▲ 1.4%WB
▶Technology13 indicators · 2021–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Internet Users (%)92.0%2024▲ 1.5%WB
Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people)1282023▲ 3.3%WB
Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100)44.72023▲ 8.1%WB
Secure Internet Servers (per million)1,413.32024▼ 6.3%WB
R&D Spending (% of GDP)2.56%2022▲ 5.0%WB
Patent Applications, Residents1.4M2021▲ 6.1%WB
Patent Applications, Non-Residents159,0192021▲ 4.4%WB
Scientific Journal Articles898,9492022▲ 17.3%WB
High-Technology Exports (USD)$856.76B2024▲ 3.8%WB
ICT Service Exports (% of service exports)16.9%2024▼ 4.0%WB
ICT Service Exports (USD)$65.03B2024▲ 12.2%WB
Industrial Design Applications, Resident785,8572021—WB
Researchers in R&D (per million)1,8492022▲ 9.7%WB
▶Infrastructure9 indicators · 2019–2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Air Transport, Passengers Carried619.2M2023▲ 146.9%WB
Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km)26,170.42023▲ 38.0%WB
Container Port Traffic (TEU)269.0M2022▲ 4.7%WB
Rail Lines (total km)109,7672021—WB
Railways, Passengers (million km)946,4992021—WB
Railways, Goods (million ton-km)3.0M2019—WB
Logistics Performance Index (1–5)3.702022—WB
Electricity from Oil (%)0.1%2023▼ 1.8%WB
Electricity from Nuclear (%)4.6%2023▼ 2.4%WB
▶Gender7 indicators · 2010–2025 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Women in Parliament (%)26.5%2024▲ 0.0%WB
Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%)64.6%2025▲ 0.7%WB
Girls Out-of-School Rate (%)103.3%2018—WB
Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000)5.22023▼ 4.3%WB
Gender Parity Index, Primary102.562018—WB
Gender Parity Index, Secondary1.002010—WB
Gender Parity in Primary Education1.012021—WB
▶Governance10 indicators · 2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Control of Corruption-0.012023▼ 133.4%WB
Government Effectiveness0.682023▲ 37.4%WB
Political Stability-0.512023▼ 13.7%WB
Regulatory Quality-0.362023▲ 14.8%WB
Rule of Law-0.042023▲ 4.9%WB
Voice & Accountability-1.52023▲ 6.0%WB
Control of Corruption (percentile rank)54.2%2023▼ 1.7%WB
Government Effectiveness (percentile rank)73.6%2023▲ 7.6%WB
Rule of Law (percentile rank)52.8%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Political Stability (percentile rank)25.1%2023▼ 15.5%WB
▶Military6 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Military Spending (% of GDP)1.7%2024▲ 2.8%WB
Military Expenditure (USD)$313.66B2024▲ 5.7%WB
Armed Forces Personnel2.5M2020—WB
Armed Forces (% of labor force)0.3%2020—WB
Military Spending (% of govt expenditure)5.1%2024▲ 0.7%WB
Intentional Homicides (per 100,000)0.52020—WB
▶Poverty & Inequality12 indicators · 2020–2022 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Poverty at $2.15/day (%)0.0%2022—WB
Poverty at $3.65/day (%)0.5%2022▲ 66.7%WB
Poverty at $6.85/day (%)21.5%2022▲ 2.4%WB
Poverty Headcount, National (%)0.0%2020—WB
Gini Index362022▲ 0.8%WB
Income Share, Top 10%28.4%2022▲ 0.7%WB
Income Share, Bottom 10%3.1%2022▼ 3.1%WB
Income Share, Top 20%43.7%2022▲ 0.2%WB
Income Share, Bottom 20%7.3%2022▼ 1.4%WB
Shared Prosperity Premium (%)5.2%2021—WB
Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day)17.132021—WB
Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%)0.0%2022—WB
▶Social Protection4 indicators · 2020 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Human Capital Index (0–1)0.652020—WB
Human Capital Index, Female0.662020—WB
Human Capital Index, Male0.652020—WB
Learning-Adjusted Years of School9.3 years2020—WB
▶Tourism2 indicators · 2020 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
International Tourism, Arrivals30.4M2020—WB
International Tourism, Departures20.3M2020—WB
▶Urban Development7 indicators · 2022–2025 · WB / WHO
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Urban Population Growth (%)0.4%2024▲ 15.4%WB
Population in Largest City30.5M2025▲ 2.1%WB
Population in Largest City (% of urban)3.3%2025▲ 1.6%WB
Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total)32.7%2025▲ 2.3%WB
Population in Slums (% of urban)26.3%2022—WB
Rural Population Growth (%)-1.2%2024▼ 17.9%WB
Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%)68.9%2024▲ 0.7%WHO

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