Mongolia
MNGEast Asia & PacificUpper middle incomeCapital: UlaanbaatarEconomy
Fiscal
People
Health
Education
Trade
Energy / Env
Tech
Governance
Equality
Infra
Labor
77/80 indicators · percentile vs world (IMF / WB / WHO)underover
GDP
$28.45B
2026▲ 12.1%
Population
3.6M
2025▲ 1.3%
GDP per Capita
$7,853
2026▲ 10.9%
Life Expectancy
72.4 years
2024▲ 0.4%
Mongolia in world space2000–2024
192 countries · log scale on X world Mongolia· trajectory line: 1980 → today
▶About Mongolia
Mongolia's GDP is $28.45B (2026), with a population of 3.6M, and GDP per capita of $7,853. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 5.3%, inflation at 7.4%, unemployment at 5.0%, government debt at 43.7% of GDP, life expectancy of 72.4 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators.
▶Economy30 indicators · 2021–2026 · IMF / WB
▶Fiscal & Monetary22 indicators · 2021–2026 · IMF / WB
▶Trade15 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 130.7% | 2025 | ▼ 5.6% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 68.1% | 2025 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 62.6% | 2025 | ▼ 10.2% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $17.27B | 2025 | ▲ 5.6% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $15.89B | 2025 | ▼ 4.2% | WB |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $15.76B | 2025 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $11.31B | 2025 | ▼ 2.6% | WB |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 11.7% | 2024 | ▲ 5.7% | WB |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 0.2% | 2024 | ▼ 37.6% | WB |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $2.78B | 2024 | ▲ 23.8% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $527.7M | 2024 | ▲ 15.9% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 2.2% | 2024 | ▼ 1.0% | WB |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 22.5% | 2023 | ▼ 26.9% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -10.4% | 2024 | ▼ 1850.7% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $-2.49B | 2024 | ▼ 2149.6% | WB |
▶External Debt7 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 181.9% | 2024 | ▼ 6.1% | WB |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $38.02B | 2024 | ▲ 8.5% | WB |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 25.7% | 2024 | ▼ 8.0% | WB |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $8.09B | 2024 | — | WB |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $287.8M | 2024 | ▼ 24.2% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 1.4% | 2023 | ▼ 21.9% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $260.2M | 2023 | ▼ 8.9% | WB |
▶Finance7 indicators · 2024–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 44.9% | 2024 | ▲ 16.3% | WB |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 9.1% | 2025 | ▼ 3.3% | WB |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 3.5% | 2025 | ▼ 2.1% | WB |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 98.3% | 2024 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 99.0% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 97.5% | 2024 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 32.8% | 2025 | — | WB |
▶Business Environment1 indicator · 2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 43 | 2025 | — | WB |
▶Private Sector6 indicators · 2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 10.2% | 2025 | — | WB |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 45.1% | 2025 | — | WB |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 27.0% | 2025 | — | WB |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 67.0% | 2025 | — | WB |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 52 years | 2025 | — | WB |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 50.4% | 2025 | — | WB |
▶People23 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 3.6M | 2025 | ▲ 1.3% | WB |
| Population Growth (%) | 1.2% | 2025 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| Population Density (per km²) | 2 | 2023 | ▲ 1.3% | WB |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 1.6M | 2023 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| Land Area (sq km) | 1.6M | 2023 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Urban Population (%) | 71.1% | 2025 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Urban Population (total) | 2.5M | 2025 | ▲ 1.5% | WB |
| Rural Population (%) | 28.9% | 2025 | ▼ 0.6% | WB |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 72.4 years | 2024 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 67.9 years | 2024 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 77.1 years | 2024 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 2.5 | 2024 | ▼ 7.4% | WB |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 16.9 | 2024 | ▼ 11.1% | WB |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 5.5 | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Net Migration | 79 | 2025 | ▼ 4.8% | WB |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 31.6% | 2025 | ▼ 2.0% | WB |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 63.0% | 2025 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 5.4% | 2025 | ▲ 5.7% | WB |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 58.7% | 2025 | ▼ 1.4% | WB |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 8.6% | 2025 | ▲ 5.1% | WB |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 50.1% | 2025 | ▼ 2.5% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 265 | 2024 | ▼ 3.2% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 104.7 | 2024 | ▼ 3.8% | WB |
▶Labor20 indicators · 2024–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 1.5M | 2025 | ▲ 1.1% | WB |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 59.7% | 2025 | ▼ 1.0% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 51.5% | 2025 | ▼ 1.2% | WB |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 68.2% | 2025 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Unemployment (%) | 5.2% | 2025 | ▲ 1.5% | WB |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 4.5% | 2025 | ▲ 3.9% | WB |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 5.8% | 2025 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 11.7% | 2025 | ▲ 1.5% | WB |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 27.0% | 2025 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 23.1% | 2025 | ▲ 0.7% | WB |
| Employment in Services (%) | 49.9% | 2025 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Self-Employed (%) | 61.8% | 2024 | ▲ 2.3% | WB |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 38.4% | 2025 | ▼ 1.0% | WB |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 58.8% | 2025 | ▲ 0.7% | WB |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 5.9% | 2024 | ▼ 7.0% | WB |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 2.8% | 2025 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 43.9% | 2025 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 56.6% | 2025 | ▼ 1.1% | WB |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 41.2% | 2025 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 9.9% | 2024 | ▼ 32.3% | WB |
▶Education20 indicators · 2017–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 5.2% | 2024 | ▲ 42.5% | WB |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 13.8% | 2024 | ▲ 20.1% | WB |
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 98.6% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Female Literacy Rate (%) | 98.9% | 2024 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 98.4% | 2024 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 99.3% | 2024 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 92.3% | 2024 | ▼ 0.8% | WB |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 96.8% | 2023 | ▲ 3.5% | WB |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 69.0% | 2024 | ▲ 1.6% | WB |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 93.5% | 2024 | ▼ 0.7% | WB |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 89.1% | 2024 | ▼ 8.0% | WB |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 35,209 | 2024 | ▲ 10.8% | WB |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 15,550 | 2024 | ▲ 21.0% | WB |
| Primary School Teachers | 11,972 | 2024 | ▲ 0.9% | WB |
| Secondary School Teachers | 25,798 | 2024 | ▲ 2.7% | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 30 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 32.2% | 2017 | — | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 98.6 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 29.2% | 2017 | — | WB |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 6.4% | 2017 | — | WB |
▶Health39 indicators · 2020–2025 · WHO
▶Energy & Environment15 indicators · 2021–2025 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 7.8 | 2024 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 28 | 2024 | ▲ 1.9% | WB |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 2,176 | 2023 | ▲ 13.7% | WB |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 2,728 | 2023 | ▲ 7.2% | WB |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 10.9% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 3.0% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 99.1% | 2024 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 55.8% | 2023 | ▲ 2.8% | WB |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 42.7 | 2023 | ▲ 4.3% | WB |
| Forest Area (%) | 9.1% | 2023 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 141,695 | 2023 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| Arable Land (%) | 0.7% | 2023 | ▲ 0.7% | WB |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 19.8% | 2025 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 86.1% | 2024 | ▲ 0.9% | WHO |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 74.3% | 2024 | ▲ 1.9% | WHO |
▶Agriculture12 indicators · 2022–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 69.0% | 2023 | ▼ 4.1% | WB |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 1,296 | 2023 | ▲ 16.4% | WB |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 157.9 | 2022 | ▲ 24.3% | WB |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 122.9 | 2022 | — | WB |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 159.4 | 2022 | — | WB |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 363,061 | 2023 | ▼ 5.7% | WB |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 31 | 2024 | — | WB |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 47.4 | 2023 | ▼ 0.7% | WB |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 2.5% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Agricultural Irrigated Land (%) | 0.0% | 2023 | ▼ 33.9% | WB |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 1.3% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 470,337 | 2023 | ▲ 9.7% | WB |
▶Technology13 indicators · 2021–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 85.1% | 2024 | ▲ 1.6% | WB |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 141 | 2024 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 15.8 | 2024 | ▲ 8.5% | WB |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 2,564.1 | 2024 | ▲ 8.9% | WB |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 0.08% | 2022 | ▼ 16.4% | WB |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 109 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 77 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 277 | 2023 | ▲ 6.9% | WB |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $58.7M | 2023 | ▲ 14.7% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 3.9% | 2024 | ▲ 3.0% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $61.8M | 2024 | ▲ 4.1% | WB |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 1,391 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 535 | 2022 | ▼ 21.4% | WB |
▶Infrastructure8 indicators · 2021–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 773,702 | 2023 | ▲ 116.1% | WB |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 26.5 | 2023 | ▲ 108.4% | WB |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 1,821 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Railways, Passengers (million km) | 91 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 18,345 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.50 | 2022 | — | WB |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 5.6% | 2023 | ▲ 28.3% | WB |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Gender8 indicators · 2018–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 25.4% | 2025 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 54.0% | 2024 | ▲ 2.4% | WB |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 61.0% | 2025 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 99.9% | 2018 | — | WB |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 19 | 2024 | ▼ 3.5% | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 102.14 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 1.02 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 0.98 | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Governance10 indicators · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.49 | 2023 | ▲ 12.2% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.47 | 2023 | ▼ 11.0% | WB |
| Political Stability | 0.59 | 2023 | ▲ 11.8% | WB |
| Regulatory Quality | -0.18 | 2023 | ▲ 35.2% | WB |
| Rule of Law | -0.18 | 2023 | ▲ 1.8% | WB |
| Voice & Accountability | 0.25 | 2023 | ▼ 5.4% | WB |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 35.4% | 2023 | ▲ 8.7% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 34.0% | 2023 | ▼ 2.7% | WB |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 43.9% | 2023 | ▼ 4.1% | WB |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 67.3% | 2023 | ▲ 7.3% | WB |
▶Military6 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 0.7% | 2024 | ▲ 36.8% | WB |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $180.8M | 2024 | ▲ 62.2% | WB |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 18,000 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 1.3% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 2.0% | 2024 | ▲ 17.1% | WB |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 5.9 | 2023 | ▼ 0.8% | WB |
▶Poverty & Inequality10 indicators · 2022 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 0.4% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 2.3% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 24.4% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 27.1% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Gini Index | 31.4 | 2022 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 24.6% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 3.4% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 39.8% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 8.2% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 0.1% | 2022 | — | WB |
▶Social Protection8 indicators · 2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social Insurance Coverage (%) | 37.0% | 2020 | — | — |
| Social Assistance Coverage (%) | 87.1% | 2020 | — | — |
| Labor Market Programs Coverage (%) | 1.1% | 2020 | — | — |
| Social Protection Coverage (%) | 92.6% | 2020 | — | — |
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.61 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.64 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.59 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 9.2 years | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Tourism5 indicators · 2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 66,900 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $49.0M | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $573.0M | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 0.6% | 2020 | — | WB |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $20.0M | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Urban Development8 indicators · 2022–2025 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 1.5% | 2025 | ▼ 23.2% | WB |
| Population in Largest City | 1.7M | 2025 | ▲ 1.5% | WB |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 67.9% | 2025 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 48.3% | 2025 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 17.9% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | 0.6% | 2025 | ▲ 220.1% | WB |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 43.4% | 2024 | ▲ 2.6% | WHO |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 69.9% | 2024 | ▲ 1.9% | WHO |
