Jamaica
Capital: KingstonRegion: Latin America & Caribbean Income: Upper middle income
Jamaica's GDP is $24.13B (2026), with a population of 2.8M, and GDP per capita of $8,756. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 1.5%, inflation at 5.0%, unemployment at 4.2%, government debt at 57.4% of GDP, life expectancy of 71.5 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators. Explore Jamaica's full economic profile with 440+ indicators, interactive charts, and historical data below.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook
Economy
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| GDP (Current USD, Billions) | $24.13B | 2026 |
| Real GDP Growth (%) | 1.5% | 2026 |
| GDP per Capita (USD) | $8,756 | 2026 |
| GDP, PPP (Billions Intl $) | $39.62B | 2026 |
| GDP per Capita, PPP (Intl $) | $14,378 | 2026 |
| Share of World GDP, PPP (%) | 0.02% | 2026 |
| GNI (Current USD) | $21.66B | 2024 |
| GNI per Capita (USD) | $7,210 | 2024 |
| GNI per Capita, PPP (USD) | $12,690 | 2024 |
| Industry Value Added (% of GDP) | 16.5% | 2024 |
| Services Value Added (% of GDP) | 60.0% | 2024 |
| Agriculture Value Added (% of GDP) | 8.0% | 2024 |
| GDP Deflator (%) | 4.9% | 2024 |
| GDP per Person Employed (USD) | $20,741 | 2024 |
| Manufacturing Value Added (% of GDP) | 7.7% | 2024 |
| Medium/High-Tech Manufacturing (% of total) | 18.8% | 2022 |
| Adjusted Net National Income per Capita (USD) | $4,688 | 2021 |
| Adjusted Net Savings (% of GNI) | 30.8% | 2021 |
| Coal Rents (% of GDP) | 0.00% | 2021 |
| Mineral Rents (% of GDP) | 0.00% | 2021 |
| Oil Rents (% of GDP) | 0.29% | 2021 |
| Natural Gas Rents (% of GDP) | 0.00% | 2021 |
| Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP) | 0.5% | 2021 |
| Forest Rents (% of GDP) | 0.16% | 2021 |
| Industry Value Added (Current USD) | $3.63B | 2024 |
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 5.0% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 57.4% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -0.9% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 0.4% | 2026 |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 4.2% | 2024 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 5.4% | 2024 |
| Real Interest Rate (%) | 6.8% | 2024 |
| Lending Interest Rate (%) | 12.0% | 2024 |
| Deposit Interest Rate (%) | 6.2% | 2024 |
| Government Debt (% of GDP) | 97.9% | 2020 |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 26.9% | 2020 |
| Government Expenditure (% of GDP) | 27.5% | 2020 |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 23.7% | 2020 |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 45.8% | 2020 |
| Taxes on International Trade (% of revenue) | 8.8% | 2020 |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 33.2% | 2020 |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 2.3% | 2020 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $4.87B | 2023 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 5.5 | 2023 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 156.44 | 2024 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 94.1 | 2024 |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 61.0% | 2024 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $1.87B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $7.29B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 1.4% | 2024 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 0.0% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $305.1M | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $3.56B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 16.2% | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 2.6% | 2023 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 3.1% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $678.8M | 2024 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 76.1% | 2024 |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $14.84B | 2024 |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 11.3% | 2024 |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $7.61B | 2024 |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $1.74B | 2024 |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 0.4% | 2023 |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $86.4M | 2023 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit by Financial Sector (% of GDP) | 152.3% | 2021 |
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 45.1% | 2024 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP) | 56.5% | 2024 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (USD) | $12.43B | 2024 |
| Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP) | 2.2% | 2024 |
| Listed Domestic Companies | 101 | 2024 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 73.3% | 2021 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 71.6% | 2021 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 75.1% | 2021 |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 32.3% | 2024 |
Business Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 18 | 2024 |
Private Sector
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 2.3% | 2024 |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 66.9% | 2024 |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 37.9% | 2024 |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 23.0% | 2024 |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 13 years | 2024 |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 73.4% | 2024 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 2.8M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | -0.0% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 262 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 10,990 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 10,830 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 58.9% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 1.7M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 41.1% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 71.5 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 69.0 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 74.0 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 1.4 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 11.6 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 8.1 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | -11,053 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 18.7% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 73.1% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 8.2% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 36.8% | 2024 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 11.2% | 2024 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 25.6% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 201.5 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 123.3 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 1.6M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 69.6% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 63.0% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 76.3% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 3.3% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 4.3% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 2.4% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 10.8% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 13.9% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 17.1% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 68.9% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (%) | 66.4% | 2023 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 31.6% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 64.3% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 7.2% | 2023 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 4.2% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 46.1% | 2025 |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 67.3% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 35.7% | 2025 |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 19.7% | 2023 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 5.5% | 2024 |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 17.9% | 2024 |
| Female Literacy Rate (%) | 90.8% | 2022 |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 93.6% | 2022 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 87.7% | 2023 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 85.4% | 2023 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 81.1% | 2023 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 83.9% | 2023 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 27,604 | 2023 |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 13,101 | 2023 |
| Primary School Teachers | 12,548 | 2023 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 12,546 | 2023 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 25 | 2018 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 17 | 2018 |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 34.2% | 2018 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 66.4 | 2022 |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 37.7% | 2018 |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 19.6% | 2018 |
Health
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 2.8 | 2024 |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 8 | 2024 |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 969 | 2022 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 1,148 | 2022 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 12.8% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 10.5% | 2021 |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 97.7% | 2023 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 93.0% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 17.4 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 56.2% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 6,085 | 2023 |
| Arable Land (%) | 11.1% | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 1.6% | 2024 |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 0.7% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 87.6% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 91.6% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 38.5% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 1,140 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 113.3 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 111.7 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 114.9 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 2,009 | 2023 |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 12,529 | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 59.2 | 2023 |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 7.7% | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 12.4% | 2022 |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 2,291 | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 89.5% | 2023 |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 115 | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 15.8 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 192 | 2024 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 16 | 2021 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 60 | 2021 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 168 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $1.2M | 2023 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 2.4% | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $127.6M | 2024 |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 94 | 2021 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 180,951 | 2018 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 0 | 2019 |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 2.1M | 2022 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.50 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 34.2% | 2022 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 27.4% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 60.6% | 2023 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 69.5% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 79.3% | 2018 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 36.5 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 79.34 | 2018 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 1.07 | 2007 |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 1.00 | 2007 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.11 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | 0.41 | 2023 |
| Political Stability | 0.38 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | 0.1 | 2023 |
| Rule of Law | -0.17 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | 0.56 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 50.9% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 66.0% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 44.8% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 57.3% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 1.3% | 2024 |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $262.5M | 2024 |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 6,000 | 2020 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 0.4% | 2020 |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 4.1% | 2024 |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 49.4 | 2023 |
Poverty & Inequality
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 1.4% | 2021 |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 5.1% | 2021 |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 22.9% | 2021 |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 8.2% | 2023 |
| Gini Index | 39.9 | 2021 |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 29.6% | 2021 |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 2.2% | 2021 |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 45.8% | 2021 |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 5.7% | 2021 |
| Shared Prosperity Premium (%) | 2.3% | 2021 |
| Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day) | 18.94 | 2021 |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 0.3% | 2021 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.53 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.56 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.51 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 7.1 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 1.3M | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $291.0M | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 0.8% | 2024 |
| Population in Largest City | 603,770 | 2025 |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 35.8% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 0.9% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | -1.2% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 73.6% | 2024 |
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