Bulgaria
Capital: SofiaRegion: Europe & Central AsiaIncome: High income
Bulgaria's GDP is $142.20B (2026), with a population of 6.4M, and GDP per capita of $22,896. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 3.1%, inflation at 3.4%, unemployment at 3.4%, government debt at 29.9% of GDP, life expectancy of 75.7 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators. Explore Bulgaria's full economic profile with 440+ indicators, interactive charts, and historical data below.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook
Economy
Financial Markets
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Exchange Rate (per USD) | 1.7 | 2026 |
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 3.4% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 29.9% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -3.5% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -3.2% | 2026 |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 3.4% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 2.4% | 2024 |
| Real Interest Rate (%) | -2.4% | 2024 |
| Lending Interest Rate (%) | 4.6% | 2024 |
| Deposit Interest Rate (%) | 0.3% | 2024 |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 34.8% | 2023 |
| Government Expenditure (% of GDP) | 35.8% | 2023 |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 20.5% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 40.9% | 2023 |
| Taxes on International Trade (% of revenue) | 0.0% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 17.9% | 2023 |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 2.5% | 2023 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $43.70B | 2024 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 7.5 | 2024 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 1.81 | 2024 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 0.76 | 2024 |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 82.1% | 2024 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 110.2% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 56.4% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 53.9% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $63.89B | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $61.04B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $46.60B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $53.81B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 3.1% | 2024 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 1.0% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $3.55B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $2.64B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 2.3% | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 13.4% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -1.5% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $-1.74B | 2024 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 55.1% | 2022 |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $47.21B | 2022 |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 6.8% | 2024 |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $1.96B | 2022 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 47.1% | 2024 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP) | 7.4% | 2024 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (USD) | $8.41B | 2024 |
| Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP) | 0.2% | 2024 |
| Listed Domestic Companies | 204 | 2024 |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 10.0% | 2023 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 3.6% | 2023 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 84.7% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 85.0% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 84.4% | 2024 |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 29.4% | 2023 |
Business Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 69 | 2023 |
Private Sector
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 0.7% | 2023 |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 29.5% | 2023 |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 23.5% | 2023 |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 15.5% | 2023 |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 16 years | 2023 |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 29.2% | 2023 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 6.4M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | -0.1% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 59 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 110,997 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 108,560 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 73.9% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 4.8M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 26.1% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 75.7 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 72.0 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 79.6 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 1.8 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 8.9 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 15.7 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | -2,961 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 14.5% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 63.5% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 22.0% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 57.5% | 2024 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 34.7% | 2024 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 22.8% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 234.4 | 2021 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 118.3 | 2021 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 3.1M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 56.1% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 50.4% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 62.4% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 3.5% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 3.3% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 3.8% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 10.2% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 4.7% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 27.9% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 67.4% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (%) | 55.5% | 2024 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 6.9% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 88.2% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 12.0% | 2024 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 4.9% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 46.8% | 2025 |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 54.1% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 11.8% | 2025 |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 10.5% | 2024 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 4.5% | 2022 |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 12.0% | 2022 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 95.4% | 2023 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 95.6% | 2023 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 79.9% | 2023 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 94.5% | 2023 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 93.5% | 2023 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 13,937 | 2023 |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 6,566 | 2023 |
| Primary School Teachers | 23,192 | 2023 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 42,503 | 2023 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 15 | 2017 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 13 | 2016 |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 19.7% | 2013 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 99.0 | 2022 |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 38.9% | 2013 |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 15.9% | 2013 |
Health
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 5.3 | 2024 |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 34 | 2024 |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 2,604 | 2023 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 5,361 | 2023 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 22.2% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 20.4% | 2021 |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 100.0% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 17.1 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 36.2% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 39,320 | 2023 |
| Arable Land (%) | 32.1% | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 35.6% | 2024 |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 8.2% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 99.2% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 86.1% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 46.1% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 5,224 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 100.7 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 102.7 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 89.2 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 2.0M | 2023 |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 6,704 | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 128.3 | 2023 |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 2.5% | 2023 |
| Agricultural Irrigated Land (%) | 0.6% | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 25.9% | 2022 |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 10.3M | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 82.4% | 2024 |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 118 | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 37 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 50,750.6 | 2024 |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 0.75% | 2022 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 165 | 2021 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 6 | 2021 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 4,784 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $3.35B | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 26.3% | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $4.37B | 2024 |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 388 | 2021 |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 2,557 | 2022 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 723,825 | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 0.6 | 2023 |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 254,854 | 2022 |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 4,031 | 2021 |
| Railways, Passengers (million km) | 1,205 | 2021 |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 4,658 | 2021 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 3.20 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 0.7% | 2023 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 40.2% | 2023 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 20.8% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 49.6% | 2024 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 91.1% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 91.4% | 2017 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 39.1 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 90.99 | 2017 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 0.98 | 2020 |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 0.99 | 2020 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.14 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | 0.05 | 2023 |
| Political Stability | 0.34 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | 0.41 | 2023 |
| Rule of Law | -0.01 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | 0.39 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 50.0% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 53.3% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 53.8% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 55.5% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 2.1% | 2024 |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $2.33B | 2024 |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 37,000 | 2020 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 1.2% | 2020 |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 5.5% | 2024 |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 1.1 | 2023 |
Poverty & Inequality
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 1.0% | 2023 |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 1.6% | 2023 |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 4.4% | 2023 |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 21.7% | 2023 |
| Gini Index | 39.5 | 2023 |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 31.1% | 2023 |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 2.1% | 2023 |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 46.2% | 2023 |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 6.0% | 2023 |
| Shared Prosperity Premium (%) | 6.2% | 2023 |
| Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day) | 39.41 | 2023 |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 0.4% | 2023 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.61 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.63 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.60 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 8.7 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 5.0M | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Departures | 4.0M | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $1.79B | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $1.26B | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 4.5% | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $156.0M | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 0.2% | 2024 |
| Population in Largest City | 1.3M | 2025 |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 27.1% | 2025 |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 20.1% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 0.2% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | -0.9% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 96.2% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 75.7% | 2024 |
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