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Jamaica

JAMLatin America & Caribbean Upper middle incomeCapital: Kingston
Economy
Fiscal
People
Health
Education
Trade
Energy / Env
Tech
Governance
Equality
Infra
Labor
71/80 indicators · percentile vs world (IMF / WB / WHO)underover
GDP
$25
2027▲ 4.0%
Population
2.8M
2024▼ 0.0%
GDP per Capita
$9,094
2027▲ 3.9%
Life Expectancy
71.5 years
2023▼ 0.0%
Jamaica in world space2000–2023
1k10k100k505560657075808590GDP per capita (USD, log)Life expectancy (years)20002023
192 countries · log scale on X world Jamaica· trajectory line: 1980 → today
▶About Jamaica

Jamaica's GDP is $24.13B (2026), with a population of 2.8M, and GDP per capita of $8,756. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 1.5%, inflation at 5.0%, unemployment at 4.2%, government debt at 57.4% of GDP, life expectancy of 71.5 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators.

Situated in the Latin America & Caribbean region, this upper middle-income country has a GDP of $24.13 billion in 2026, ranking 127th globally. The economy is projected to grow by 1.5% in real terms in 2026, with a GDP per capita of $9,000. Inflation is anticipated to be 5.0%, while the unemployment rate is expected to be 4.2% in 2024 and 3.3% in 2025. The country's Gross National Income (GNI) per capita is $7,000 in 2024. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows constitute 1.4% of GDP in 2024, indicating moderate trade openness. The Gini Index of 39.9 in 2021 suggests a moderate level of income inequality. The population stands at 2.8 million in 2024, with a life expectancy at birth of 71.5 years in 2023. The fertility rate is 1.4 births per woman. Health spending is substantial, at 7.6% of GDP in 2023, reflecting investments in public health. The country faces demographic challenges, including an aging population and low fertility rates, which may impact future economic growth and social dynamics.

▶Economy25 indicators · 2021–2027 · IMF / WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
GDP (Current USD, Billions)$252027▲ 4.0%IMF
Real GDP Growth (%)1.5%2027▲ 0.0%IMF
GDP per Capita (USD)$9,0942027▲ 3.9%IMF
GDP, PPP (Billions Intl $)$412027▲ 3.3%IMF
GDP per Capita, PPP (Intl $)$14,8282027▲ 3.1%IMF
Share of World GDP, PPP (%)0.02%2027▲ 0.0%IMF
GNI (Current USD)$21.66B2024▲ 2.5%WB
GNI per Capita (USD)$7,2102024▲ 5.1%WB
GNI per Capita, PPP (USD)$12,6902024▲ 1.7%WB
Industry Value Added (% of GDP)16.5%2024▼ 1.5%WB
Services Value Added (% of GDP)60.0%2024▲ 0.1%WB
Agriculture Value Added (% of GDP)8.0%2024▲ 2.4%WB
GDP Deflator (%)4.9%2024▼ 57.1%WB
GDP per Person Employed (USD)$20,7412024▼ 0.9%WB
Manufacturing Value Added (% of GDP)7.7%2024▼ 2.6%WB
Medium/High-Tech Manufacturing (% of total)18.8%2022▲ 0.0%WB
Adjusted Net National Income per Capita (USD)$4,6882021▲ 7.0%WB
Adjusted Net Savings (% of GNI)30.8%2021▲ 32.7%WB
Coal Rents (% of GDP)0.00%2021—WB
Mineral Rents (% of GDP)0.00%2021—WB
Oil Rents (% of GDP)0.29%2021▲ 155.8%WB
Natural Gas Rents (% of GDP)0.00%2021—WB
Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP)0.5%2021▲ 41.9%WB
Forest Rents (% of GDP)0.16%2021▼ 21.4%WB
Industry Value Added (Current USD)$3.63B2024▲ 1.3%WB
▶Fiscal & Monetary22 indicators · 2020–2027 · IMF / WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Inflation, Consumer Prices (%)5.0%2027▲ 0.0%IMF
Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP)56.0%2027▼ 2.4%IMF
Fiscal Balance (% of GDP)-0.8%2027▲ 11.1%IMF
Current Account Balance (% of GDP)-0.1%2027▼ 125.0%IMF
Unemployment Rate (%)4.2%2024▼ 4.5%IMF
Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank)5.4%2024▼ 16.4%WB
Real Interest Rate (%)6.8%2024▲ 2280.6%WB
Lending Interest Rate (%)12.0%2024▲ 3.0%WB
Deposit Interest Rate (%)6.2%2024▲ 7.1%WB
Government Debt (% of GDP)97.9%2020—WB
Government Revenue (% of GDP)26.9%2020—WB
Government Expenditure (% of GDP)27.5%2020—WB
Tax Revenue (% of GDP)23.7%2020—WB
Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue)45.8%2020—WB
Taxes on International Trade (% of revenue)8.8%2020—WB
Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev)33.2%2020—WB
Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP)2.3%2020—WB
Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD)$4.87B2023▲ 7.7%WB
Total Reserves (months of imports)5.52023▲ 5.9%WB
Official Exchange Rate (per USD)156.442024▲ 1.5%WB
PPP Conversion Factor94.12024▲ 2.4%WB
Broad Money (% of GDP)61.0%2024▲ 3.6%WB
▶Trade10 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Merchandise Exports (USD)$1.87B2024▼ 6.7%WB
Merchandise Imports (USD)$7.29B2024▼ 4.0%WB
FDI Inflows (% of GDP)1.4%2024▼ 39.7%WB
FDI Outflows (% of GDP)0.0%2024▲ 126.7%WB
FDI Net Inflows (USD)$305.1M2024▼ 38.0%WB
Personal Remittances Received (USD)$3.56B2024▼ 1.0%WB
Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP)16.2%2024▼ 3.7%WB
High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured)2.6%2023▲ 79.9%WB
Current Account Balance (% of GDP)3.1%2024▲ 16.1%WB
Current Account Balance (USD)$678.8M2024▲ 19.3%WB
▶External Debt7 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
External Debt (% of GNI)76.1%2024▼ 5.5%WB
External Debt Stocks (USD)$14.84B2024▼ 3.6%WB
Total Debt Service (% of GNI)11.3%2024▼ 19.8%WB
Present Value of External Debt (USD)$7.61B2024—WB
Use of IMF Credit (USD)$1.74B2024▲ 8.2%WB
Net ODA Received (% of GNI)0.4%2023▼ 21.9%WB
Net ODA Received (USD)$86.4M2023▼ 10.6%WB
▶Finance10 indicators · 2021–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Domestic Credit by Financial Sector (% of GDP)152.3%2021▼ 4.8%WB
Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP)45.1%2024▲ 1.3%WB
Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP)56.5%2024▼ 0.6%WB
Stock Market Capitalization (USD)$12.43B2024▲ 2.2%WB
Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP)2.2%2024▲ 67.7%WB
Listed Domestic Companies1012024▲ 3.1%WB
Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%)73.3%2021—WB
Account Ownership, Female (%)71.6%2021—WB
Account Ownership, Male (%)75.1%2021—WB
Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%)32.3%2024—WB
▶Business Environment1 indicator · 2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Time to Get Electricity (days)182024—WB
▶Private Sector6 indicators · 2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%)2.3%2024—WB
Firms with Female Top Manager (%)66.9%2024—WB
Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%)37.9%2024—WB
Firms Offering Training (%)23.0%2024—WB
Average Firm Age (years)13 years2024—WB
Firms Using Computers (%)73.4%2024—WB
▶People23 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Population2.8M2024▼ 0.0%WB
Population Growth (%)-0.0%2024▼ 195.2%WB
Population Density (per km²)2622023▲ 0.0%WB
Surface Area (sq km)10,9902023▲ 0.0%WB
Land Area (sq km)10,8302023▲ 0.0%WB
Urban Population (%)58.9%2024▲ 0.8%WB
Urban Population (total)1.7M2024▲ 0.8%WB
Rural Population (%)41.1%2024▼ 1.2%WB
Life Expectancy at Birth71.5 years2023▼ 0.0%WB
Life Expectancy, Male69.0 years2023▼ 0.0%WB
Life Expectancy, Female74.0 years2023▲ 0.0%WB
Fertility Rate (births per woman)1.42023▼ 1.0%WB
Birth Rate (per 1,000)11.62023▼ 2.0%WB
Death Rate (per 1,000)8.12023▲ 2.2%WB
Net Migration-11,0532025▼ 5.2%WB
Population Ages 0–14 (%)18.7%2024▼ 2.3%WB
Population Ages 15–64 (%)73.1%2024▲ 0.1%WB
Population Ages 65+ (%)8.2%2024▲ 4.4%WB
Age Dependency Ratio (%)36.8%2024▼ 0.4%WB
Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%)11.2%2024▲ 4.3%WB
Youth Dependency Ratio (%)25.6%2024▼ 2.4%WB
Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000)201.52023▲ 0.4%WB
Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000)123.32023▼ 0.1%WB
▶Labor20 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Total Labor Force1.6M2025▲ 0.6%WB
Labor Force Participation (%)69.6%2025▲ 0.2%WB
Female Labor Force Participation (%)63.0%2025▲ 0.2%WB
Male Labor Force Participation (%)76.3%2025▲ 0.2%WB
Unemployment (%)3.3%2025▲ 4.3%WB
Female Unemployment (%)4.3%2025▲ 4.8%WB
Male Unemployment (%)2.4%2025▲ 3.5%WB
Youth Unemployment (%)10.8%2025▲ 4.1%WB
Employment in Agriculture (%)13.9%2025▼ 2.1%WB
Employment in Industry (%)17.1%2025▼ 0.0%WB
Employment in Services (%)68.9%2025▲ 0.5%WB
Self-Employed (%)66.4%2023▲ 2.7%WB
Vulnerable Employment (%)31.6%2025▼ 0.3%WB
Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total)64.3%2025▲ 0.2%WB
Part-Time Employment (%)7.2%2023▼ 15.9%WB
Employers (% of total employment)4.2%2025▲ 0.2%WB
Labor Force, Female (% of total)46.1%2025▲ 0.0%WB
Employment to Population Ratio (%)67.3%2025▲ 0.0%WB
Self-Employed (% of total)35.7%2025▼ 0.3%WB
NEET Youth (% not in education/employment)19.7%2023▼ 9.6%WB
▶Education18 indicators · 2018–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Education Spending (% of GDP)5.5%2024▼ 2.5%WB
Education Spending (% of govt expenditure)17.9%2024▲ 5.5%WB
Female Literacy Rate (%)90.8%2022—WB
Youth Literacy Rate (%)93.6%2022—WB
Primary School Enrollment (%)87.7%2023▼ 5.9%WB
Secondary School Enrollment (%)85.4%2023▲ 3.1%WB
Primary Completion Rate (%)81.1%2023▲ 3.1%WB
Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%)83.9%2023▲ 1.6%WB
Out-of-School Children, Primary27,6042023▲ 79.0%WB
Out-of-School Girls, Primary13,1012023▲ 52.5%WB
Primary School Teachers12,5482023▲ 12.8%WB
Secondary School Teachers12,5462023▼ 0.8%WB
Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary252018—WB
Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary172018—WB
Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap)34.2%2018—WB
Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary)66.42022—WB
Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt)37.7%2018—WB
Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt)19.6%2018—WB
▶Health38 indicators · 2018–2024 · WHO
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Health Spending (% of GDP)7.6%2023▼ 12.1%WHO
Health Spending per Capita (USD)$5202023▼ 0.2%WHO
Government Health Spending (% of GDP)4.9%2023▼ 17.4%WHO
Out-of-Pocket Health Spending (% of total)20.2%2023▲ 6.4%WHO
Physicians (per 1,000 people)0.52023—WHO
Nurses & Midwives (per 1,000)1.62023▼ 3.5%WHO
Hospital Beds (per 1,000)1.62023▼ 3.5%WHO
Infant Mortality (per 1,000 live births)19.32023▲ 0.0%WHO
Neonatal Mortality (per 1,000)14.52023▲ 0.0%WHO
Maternal Mortality (per 100,000)1302023▼ 5.8%WHO
Under-5 Mortality, Female (per 1,000)16.82023▲ 0.0%WHO
Under-5 Mortality, Male (per 1,000)21.72023▲ 0.5%WHO
Cause of Death, Communicable (%)9.0%2019—WHO
Cause of Death, Non-Communicable (%)79.3%2019—WHO
Cause of Death, Injury (%)11.7%2019—WHO
Measles Immunization (% of children)94.0%2024▲ 1.1%WHO
DPT Immunization (% of children)99.0%2024▲ 0.0%WHO
HIV Incidence (per 1,000)0.42024▼ 11.1%WHO
Tuberculosis Incidence (per 100,000)22024▼ 46.5%WHO
Smoking Prevalence, Males (%)15.9%2022▼ 1.9%WHO
Smoking Prevalence, Females (%)3.5%2022▼ 2.8%WHO
Suicide Mortality Rate (per 100,000)1.72021▲ 8.3%WHO
Alcohol Consumption (liters per capita)3.12020—WHO
Maternal Deaths432023▼ 7.2%WHO
Tuberculosis Incidence (per 100K)2.32024▼ 46.5%WHO
People Living with HIV28,0002024▲ 0.0%WHO
DTP3 Immunization Coverage (%)99%2024▲ 0.0%WHO
Measles Immunization Coverage (%)94%2024▲ 1.1%WHO
Hepatitis B Immunization Coverage (%)99%2024▲ 0.0%WHO
Physicians (total)102024▲ 122.4%WHO
Nursing & Midwifery Personnel212024▲ 29.6%WHO
Dentists (total)5,3982024▲ 17.6%WHO
Pharmacists (total)5502024—WHO
Child Wasting (<5 years, %)3.2%2018—WHO
Child Underweight (<5 years, %)2.5%2018—WHO
Universal Health Coverage Index742023▼ 1.3%WHO
Road Traffic Death Rate (per 100K)5022021—WHO
Health Expenditure per Capita (WHO, USD)$5202023▼ 0.2%WHO
▶Energy & Environment16 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB / WHO
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita)2.82024▲ 4.8%WB
CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes)82024▲ 4.8%WB
Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita)9692022▲ 10.0%WB
Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita)1,1482022▲ 3.6%WB
Renewable Electricity Output (%)12.8%2021▼ 2.8%WB
Renewable Energy Consumption (%)10.5%2021▼ 10.3%WB
Access to Electricity (%)97.7%2023▼ 2.3%WB
Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%)93.0%2023▲ 0.0%WB
PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³)17.42020—WB
Forest Area (%)56.2%2023▲ 0.6%WB
Forest Area (sq km)6,0852023▲ 0.6%WB
Arable Land (%)11.1%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Terrestrial Protected Areas (%)1.6%2024▲ 0.0%WB
Marine Protected Areas (%)0.7%2024▼ 12.5%WB
Access to Basic Drinking Water (%)87.6%2024▼ 0.4%WHO
Access to Basic Sanitation (%)91.6%2024▲ 0.6%WHO
▶Agriculture11 indicators · 2022–2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Agricultural Land (%)38.5%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Cereal Yield (kg per hectare)1,1402023▼ 1.9%WB
Food Production Index (2014–2016=100)113.32022▲ 7.2%WB
Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100)111.72022▲ 6.9%WB
Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100)114.92022▲ 7.4%WB
Land Under Cereal Production (hectares)2,0092023▼ 3.7%WB
Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes)12,5292023▼ 0.0%WB
Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare)59.22023▼ 0.2%WB
Prevalence of Undernourishment (%)7.7%2023▲ 2.7%WB
Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal)12.4%2022▲ 0.0%WB
Cereal Production (metric tons)2,2912023▼ 5.6%WB
▶Technology11 indicators · 2021–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Internet Users (%)89.5%2023▲ 8.5%WB
Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people)1152023▲ 8.8%WB
Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100)15.82023▲ 5.5%WB
Secure Internet Servers (per million)1922024▲ 0.6%WB
Patent Applications, Residents162021▲ 60.0%WB
Patent Applications, Non-Residents602021▲ 27.7%WB
Scientific Journal Articles1682022▼ 20.8%WB
High-Technology Exports (USD)$1.2M2023▲ 31.8%WB
ICT Service Exports (% of service exports)2.4%2024▲ 0.3%WB
ICT Service Exports (USD)$127.6M2024▲ 0.0%WB
Industrial Design Applications, Resident942021▼ 55.5%WB
▶Infrastructure6 indicators · 2018–2022 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Air Transport, Passengers Carried180,9512018—WB
Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km)02019—WB
Container Port Traffic (TEU)2.1M2022▲ 8.2%WB
Logistics Performance Index (1–5)2.502022—WB
Electricity from Oil (%)34.2%2022▲ 20.4%WB
Electricity from Nuclear (%)0.0%2021—WB
▶Gender8 indicators · 2007–2025 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Women in Parliament (%)27.4%2024▼ 4.0%WB
Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%)60.6%2023▲ 3.8%WB
Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%)69.5%2025▲ 0.0%WB
Girls Out-of-School Rate (%)79.3%2018—WB
Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000)36.52023▼ 0.7%WB
Gender Parity Index, Primary79.342018—WB
Gender Parity Index, Secondary1.072007—WB
Gender Parity in Primary Education1.002007—WB
▶Governance10 indicators · 2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Control of Corruption-0.112023▼ 380.6%WB
Government Effectiveness0.412023▼ 32.6%WB
Political Stability0.382023▲ 5.7%WB
Regulatory Quality0.12023▼ 48.5%WB
Rule of Law-0.172023▼ 146.0%WB
Voice & Accountability0.562023▼ 4.5%WB
Control of Corruption (percentile rank)50.9%2023▼ 5.3%WB
Government Effectiveness (percentile rank)66.0%2023▼ 7.9%WB
Rule of Law (percentile rank)44.8%2023▼ 13.6%WB
Political Stability (percentile rank)57.3%2023▲ 1.3%WB
▶Military6 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Military Spending (% of GDP)1.3%2024▲ 7.4%WB
Military Expenditure (USD)$262.5M2024▲ 14.0%WB
Armed Forces Personnel6,0002020—WB
Armed Forces (% of labor force)0.4%2020—WB
Military Spending (% of govt expenditure)4.1%2024▲ 5.9%WB
Intentional Homicides (per 100,000)49.42023▼ 6.9%WB
▶Poverty & Inequality12 indicators · 2021–2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Poverty at $2.15/day (%)1.4%2021—WB
Poverty at $3.65/day (%)5.1%2021—WB
Poverty at $6.85/day (%)22.9%2021—WB
Poverty Headcount, National (%)8.2%2023▼ 50.9%WB
Gini Index39.92021—WB
Income Share, Top 10%29.6%2021—WB
Income Share, Bottom 10%2.2%2021—WB
Income Share, Top 20%45.8%2021—WB
Income Share, Bottom 20%5.7%2021—WB
Shared Prosperity Premium (%)2.3%2021—WB
Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day)18.942021—WB
Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%)0.3%2021—WB
▶Social Protection4 indicators · 2020 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Human Capital Index (0–1)0.532020—WB
Human Capital Index, Female0.562020—WB
Human Capital Index, Male0.512020—WB
Learning-Adjusted Years of School7.1 years2020—WB
▶Tourism2 indicators · 2020 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
International Tourism, Arrivals1.3M2020—WB
Tourism Expenditures (USD)$291.0M2020—WB
▶Urban Development6 indicators · 2022–2025 · WB / WHO
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Urban Population Growth (%)0.8%2024▼ 2.8%WB
Population in Largest City603,7702025▲ 0.6%WB
Population in Largest City (% of urban)35.8%2025▼ 0.2%WB
Population in Slums (% of urban)0.9%2022—WB
Rural Population Growth (%)-1.2%2024▼ 8.8%WB
Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%)73.6%2024▲ 1.5%WHO

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