Bulgaria
BGREurope & Central AsiaHigh incomeCapital: SofiaEconomy
Fiscal
People
Health
Education
Trade
Energy / Env
Tech
Governance
Equality
Infra
Labor
75/80 indicators · percentile vs world (IMF / WB / WHO)underover
GDP
$151
2027▲ 6.2%
Population
6.4M
2024▼ 0.1%
GDP per Capita
$24,529
2027▲ 7.1%
Life Expectancy
75.7 years
2023▲ 2.1%
Bulgaria in world space2000–2023
192 countries · log scale on X world Bulgaria· trajectory line: 1980 → today
▶About Bulgaria
Bulgaria's GDP is $142.20B (2026), with a population of 6.4M, and GDP per capita of $22,896. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 3.1%, inflation at 3.4%, unemployment at 3.4%, government debt at 29.9% of GDP, life expectancy of 75.7 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators.
Located in Europe and Central Asia, this high-income country has a GDP of $142.20 billion in 2026, ranking 62nd globally. The economy is projected to grow by 3.1% in real terms, with a GDP per capita of $23,000. The country exhibits a robust trade sector, with trade accounting for 110.2% of GDP in 2024, indicating significant openness to international commerce. Foreign direct investment inflows stand at 3.1% of GDP, reflecting moderate investment activity. Inflation is projected at 3.4%, while the unemployment rate is expected to be 3.4% in 2026, showing a stable labor market. The population is approximately 6.4 million as of 2024, with a life expectancy at birth of 75.7 years. The fertility rate is 1.8 births per woman, indicating a below-replacement level. Health spending constitutes 7.9% of GDP, highlighting investments in public health. The Gini Index of 39.5 suggests moderate income inequality. The country's GNI per capita is $15,000, reflecting a relatively high standard of living.
▶Economy29 indicators · 2021–2027 · IMF / WB
▶Financial Markets2 indicators · 2025–2026 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exchange Rate (per USD) | 1.67 | 2026 | — | WB |
| Exchange Rate (per EUR) | 1.96 | 2025 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
▶Fiscal & Monetary21 indicators · 2023–2027 · IMF / WB
▶Trade15 indicators · 2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 110.2% | 2024 | ▼ 8.1% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 56.4% | 2024 | ▼ 9.1% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 53.9% | 2024 | ▼ 7.0% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $63.89B | 2024 | ▲ 0.8% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $61.04B | 2024 | ▲ 3.2% | WB |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $46.60B | 2024 | ▼ 2.9% | WB |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $53.81B | 2024 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 3.1% | 2024 | ▼ 38.1% | WB |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 1.0% | 2024 | ▼ 14.1% | WB |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $3.55B | 2024 | ▼ 31.4% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $2.64B | 2024 | ▲ 15.6% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 2.3% | 2024 | ▲ 4.2% | WB |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 13.4% | 2024 | ▲ 11.4% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -1.5% | 2024 | ▼ 75.4% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $-1.74B | 2024 | ▼ 94.6% | WB |
▶External Debt4 indicators · 2022–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 55.1% | 2022 | ▼ 0.6% | WB |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $47.21B | 2022 | ▲ 5.0% | WB |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 6.8% | 2024 | ▼ 7.3% | WB |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $1.96B | 2022 | ▼ 4.9% | WB |
▶Finance11 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 47.1% | 2024 | ▲ 3.8% | WB |
| Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP) | 7.4% | 2024 | ▼ 3.2% | WB |
| Stock Market Capitalization (USD) | $8.41B | 2024 | ▲ 7.3% | WB |
| Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP) | 0.2% | 2024 | ▼ 26.3% | WB |
| Listed Domestic Companies | 204 | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 10.0% | 2023 | ▲ 1.3% | WB |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 3.6% | 2023 | ▼ 20.1% | WB |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 84.7% | 2024 | ▲ 0.9% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 85.0% | 2024 | ▲ 0.9% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 84.4% | 2024 | ▲ 0.9% | WB |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 29.4% | 2023 | — | WB |
▶Business Environment1 indicator · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 69 | 2023 | — | WB |
▶Private Sector6 indicators · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 0.7% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 29.5% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 23.5% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 15.5% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 16 years | 2023 | — | WB |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 29.2% | 2023 | — | WB |
▶People23 indicators · 2021–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 6.4M | 2024 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Population Growth (%) | -0.1% | 2024 | ▲ 72.0% | WB |
| Population Density (per km²) | 59 | 2023 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 110,997 | 2023 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| Land Area (sq km) | 108,560 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Urban Population (%) | 73.9% | 2024 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Urban Population (total) | 4.8M | 2024 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Rural Population (%) | 26.1% | 2024 | ▼ 0.8% | WB |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 75.7 years | 2023 | ▲ 2.1% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 72.0 years | 2023 | ▲ 2.0% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 79.6 years | 2023 | ▲ 2.2% | WB |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 1.8 | 2023 | ▲ 1.7% | WB |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 8.9 | 2023 | ▲ 1.1% | WB |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 15.7 | 2023 | ▼ 14.7% | WB |
| Net Migration | -2,961 | 2025 | ▼ 665.1% | WB |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 14.5% | 2024 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 63.5% | 2024 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 22.0% | 2024 | ▲ 0.9% | WB |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 57.5% | 2024 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 34.7% | 2024 | ▲ 1.1% | WB |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 22.8% | 2024 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 234.4 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 118.3 | 2021 | ▲ 24.4% | WB |
▶Labor20 indicators · 2024–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 3.1M | 2025 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 56.1% | 2025 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 50.4% | 2025 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 62.4% | 2025 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Unemployment (%) | 3.5% | 2025 | ▼ 15.8% | WB |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 3.3% | 2025 | ▼ 16.4% | WB |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 3.8% | 2025 | ▼ 15.4% | WB |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 10.2% | 2025 | ▼ 18.7% | WB |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 4.7% | 2025 | ▼ 3.2% | WB |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 27.9% | 2025 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Employment in Services (%) | 67.4% | 2025 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| Self-Employed (%) | 55.5% | 2024 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 6.9% | 2025 | ▼ 2.1% | WB |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 88.2% | 2025 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 12.0% | 2024 | ▼ 4.3% | WB |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 4.9% | 2025 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 46.8% | 2025 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 54.1% | 2025 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 11.8% | 2025 | ▼ 1.2% | WB |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 10.5% | 2024 | ▼ 5.9% | WB |
▶Education17 indicators · 2013–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 4.5% | 2022 | ▼ 4.4% | WB |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 12.0% | 2022 | ▼ 2.2% | WB |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 95.4% | 2023 | ▼ 0.5% | WB |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 95.6% | 2023 | ▼ 1.1% | WB |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 79.9% | 2023 | ▼ 5.1% | WB |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 94.5% | 2023 | ▼ 1.3% | WB |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 93.5% | 2023 | ▼ 2.6% | WB |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 13,937 | 2023 | ▲ 8.0% | WB |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 6,566 | 2023 | ▲ 5.7% | WB |
| Primary School Teachers | 23,192 | 2023 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| Secondary School Teachers | 42,503 | 2023 | ▲ 1.6% | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 15 | 2017 | — | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 13 | 2016 | — | WB |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 19.7% | 2013 | — | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 99.0 | 2022 | ▲ 1.3% | WB |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 38.9% | 2013 | — | WB |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 15.9% | 2013 | — | WB |
▶Health38 indicators · 2014–2024 · WHO
▶Energy & Environment15 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 5.3 | 2024 | ▼ 7.5% | WB |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 34 | 2024 | ▼ 7.5% | WB |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 2,604 | 2023 | ▼ 12.3% | WB |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 5,361 | 2023 | ▼ 3.2% | WB |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 22.2% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 20.4% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 100.0% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 17.1 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Forest Area (%) | 36.2% | 2023 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 39,320 | 2023 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Arable Land (%) | 32.1% | 2023 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 35.6% | 2024 | ▲ 7.6% | WB |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 8.2% | 2024 | ▲ 1.2% | WB |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 99.2% | 2024 | ▼ 0.0% | WHO |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 86.1% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WHO |
▶Agriculture12 indicators · 2022–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 46.1% | 2023 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 5,224 | 2023 | ▲ 1.4% | WB |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 100.7 | 2022 | ▼ 8.0% | WB |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 102.7 | 2022 | ▼ 9.4% | WB |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 89.2 | 2022 | ▼ 2.3% | WB |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 2.0M | 2023 | ▲ 4.2% | WB |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 6,704 | 2023 | ▲ 19.8% | WB |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 128.3 | 2023 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 2.5% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Agricultural Irrigated Land (%) | 0.6% | 2023 | ▲ 12.6% | WB |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 25.9% | 2022 | ▲ 4.4% | WB |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 10.3M | 2023 | ▲ 5.7% | WB |
▶Technology13 indicators · 2021–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 82.4% | 2024 | ▲ 2.5% | WB |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 118 | 2023 | ▲ 1.1% | WB |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 37 | 2023 | ▲ 5.9% | WB |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 50,750.6 | 2024 | ▼ 6.2% | WB |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 0.75% | 2022 | ▼ 2.4% | WB |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 165 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 6 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 4,784 | 2022 | ▼ 1.5% | WB |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $3.35B | 2024 | ▲ 5.3% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 26.3% | 2024 | ▲ 9.6% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $4.37B | 2024 | ▲ 11.2% | WB |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 388 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 2,557 | 2022 | ▲ 9.0% | WB |
▶Infrastructure9 indicators · 2021–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 723,825 | 2023 | ▲ 12.4% | WB |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 0.6 | 2023 | ▼ 27.3% | WB |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 254,854 | 2022 | ▲ 4.0% | WB |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 4,031 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Railways, Passengers (million km) | 1,205 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 4,658 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 3.20 | 2022 | — | WB |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 0.7% | 2023 | ▼ 29.5% | WB |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 40.2% | 2023 | ▲ 23.2% | WB |
▶Gender8 indicators · 2017–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 20.8% | 2024 | ▼ 13.8% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 49.6% | 2024 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 91.1% | 2025 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 91.4% | 2017 | — | WB |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 39.1 | 2023 | ▼ 0.8% | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 90.99 | 2017 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 0.98 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 0.99 | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Governance10 indicators · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.14 | 2023 | ▲ 12.9% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness | 0.05 | 2023 | ▲ 117.4% | WB |
| Political Stability | 0.34 | 2023 | ▲ 9.1% | WB |
| Regulatory Quality | 0.41 | 2023 | ▲ 27.2% | WB |
| Rule of Law | -0.01 | 2023 | ▲ 93.6% | WB |
| Voice & Accountability | 0.39 | 2023 | ▲ 35.3% | WB |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 50.0% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 53.3% | 2023 | ▲ 25.6% | WB |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 53.8% | 2023 | ▲ 7.5% | WB |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 55.5% | 2023 | ▲ 1.3% | WB |
▶Military6 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 2.1% | 2024 | ▲ 10.5% | WB |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $2.33B | 2024 | ▲ 17.1% | WB |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 37,000 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 1.2% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 5.5% | 2024 | ▲ 5.7% | WB |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 1.1 | 2023 | ▼ 2.2% | WB |
▶Poverty & Inequality12 indicators · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 1.0% | 2023 | ▼ 9.1% | WB |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 1.6% | 2023 | ▼ 5.9% | WB |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 4.4% | 2023 | ▼ 20.0% | WB |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 21.7% | 2023 | ▲ 5.3% | WB |
| Gini Index | 39.5 | 2023 | ▲ 3.4% | WB |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 31.1% | 2023 | ▲ 3.3% | WB |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 2.1% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 46.2% | 2023 | ▲ 2.4% | WB |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 6.0% | 2023 | ▼ 3.2% | WB |
| Shared Prosperity Premium (%) | 6.2% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day) | 39.41 | 2023 | — | WB |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 0.4% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
▶Social Protection4 indicators · 2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.61 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.63 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.60 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 8.7 years | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Tourism6 indicators · 2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 5.0M | 2020 | — | WB |
| International Tourism, Departures | 4.0M | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $1.79B | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $1.26B | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 4.5% | 2020 | — | WB |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $156.0M | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Urban Development8 indicators · 2022–2025 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 0.2% | 2024 | ▲ 281.3% | WB |
| Population in Largest City | 1.3M | 2025 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 27.1% | 2025 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 20.1% | 2025 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 0.2% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | -0.9% | 2024 | ▲ 26.6% | WB |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 96.2% | 2024 | ▼ 0.1% | WHO |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 75.7% | 2024 | ▲ 1.4% | WHO |
