Russian Federation
Capital: MoscowRegion: Europe & Central AsiaIncome: High income
Russian Federation's GDP is $2.51T (2026), with a population of 143.5M, and GDP per capita of $17,287. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 1.0%, inflation at 5.2%, unemployment at 3.1%, government debt at 24.8% of GDP, life expectancy of 73.3 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators. Explore Russian Federation's full economic profile with 440+ indicators, interactive charts, and historical data below.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook
Economy
Financial Markets
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| 10-Year Government Bond Yield (%) | 8.99% | 2017 |
| Central Bank Policy Rate (%) | 17.83% | 2024 |
| Exchange Rate (per USD) | 80.2 | 2026 |
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 5.2% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 24.8% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -1.8% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 1.6% | 2026 |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 3.1% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 8.4% | 2024 |
| Real Interest Rate (%) | 3.4% | 2023 |
| Lending Interest Rate (%) | 11.6% | 2023 |
| Deposit Interest Rate (%) | 7.6% | 2023 |
| Government Debt (% of GDP) | 18.5% | 2023 |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 28.7% | 2023 |
| Government Expenditure (% of GDP) | 29.6% | 2023 |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 12.1% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 23.4% | 2023 |
| Taxes on International Trade (% of revenue) | 4.4% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 7.7% | 2023 |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 1.1% | 2023 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $597.22B | 2023 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 16.3 | 2023 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 92.55 | 2024 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 29.06 | 2024 |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 69.9% | 2020 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 39.5% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 21.9% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 17.6% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $476.43B | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $382.41B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $433.09B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $300.12B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | -0.4% | 2024 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | -0.0% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $-9.35B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $1.91B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 0.1% | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 9.7% | 2021 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 2.9% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $63.36B | 2024 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 16.8% | 2022 |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $376.12B | 2022 |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 2.7% | 2024 |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $24.01B | 2022 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit by Financial Sector (% of GDP) | 86.2% | 2020 |
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 54.6% | 2021 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP) | 31.4% | 2023 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (USD) | $650.49B | 2023 |
| Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP) | 10.4% | 2023 |
| Listed Domestic Companies | 194 | 2023 |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 6.7% | 2022 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 5.5% | 2022 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 79.3% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 77.3% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 81.6% | 2024 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 143.5M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | -0.2% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 9 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 17.1M | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 16.4M | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 75.1% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 107.8M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 24.9% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 73.3 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 68.0 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 78.7 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 1.4 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 8.6 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 12.1 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | -251,822 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 17.3% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 65.5% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 17.2% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 52.6% | 2024 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 26.2% | 2024 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 26.4% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 301 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 98.8 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 72.4M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 61.1% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 54.5% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 69.0% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 2.1% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 2.2% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 2.1% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 7.6% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 5.1% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 25.8% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 69.1% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (%) | 62.9% | 2024 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 4.9% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 93.7% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 7.0% | 2024 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 1.4% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 48.8% | 2025 |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 59.8% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 6.3% | 2025 |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 8.4% | 2024 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 4.2% | 2023 |
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 99.9% | 2021 |
| Female Literacy Rate (%) | 99.9% | 2021 |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 99.9% | 2021 |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 99.9% | 2021 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 97.7% | 2023 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 92.5% | 2023 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 60.4% | 2024 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 100.0% | 2019 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 97.0% | 2019 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 187,975 | 2023 |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 78,377 | 2023 |
| Primary School Teachers | 327,102 | 2023 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 1.3M | 2023 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 21 | 2017 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 99.1 | 2018 |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 21.6% | 2016 |
Health
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 14 | 2024 |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 2,009 | 2024 |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 5,601 | 2022 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 7,184 | 2022 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 19.2% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 3.5% | 2021 |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 100.0% | 2023 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 100.0% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 11.3 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 49.8% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 8.2M | 2023 |
| Arable Land (%) | 7.4% | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 8.6% | 2024 |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 2.2% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 96.9% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 92.2% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 13.2% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 3,167 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 126.4 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 133.7 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 116.9 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 43.2M | 2023 |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 5.4M | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 28.7 | 2023 |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 2.5% | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 1.5% | 2022 |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 136.7M | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 94.4% | 2024 |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 181 | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 25.8 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 26,130 | 2024 |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 0.93% | 2022 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 19,569 | 2021 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 11,408 | 2021 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 84,252 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $10.60B | 2021 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 5.5% | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $2.39B | 2024 |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 6,128 | 2021 |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 2,684 | 2022 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 98.9M | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 1,268.8 | 2023 |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 3.9M | 2022 |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 85,544 | 2021 |
| Railways, Passengers (million km) | 103,447 | 2021 |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 2.6M | 2021 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.60 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 0.8% | 2022 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 19.4% | 2022 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 16.4% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 56.5% | 2024 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 94.4% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 101.8% | 2017 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 13 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 101.98 | 2017 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 0.97 | 2019 |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 0.99 | 2019 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -1.1 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.71 | 2023 |
| Political Stability | -1.13 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | -1.12 | 2023 |
| Rule of Law | -1.19 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | -1.29 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 15.6% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 26.4% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 12.3% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 13.3% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 7.1% | 2024 |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $148.97B | 2024 |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 1.5M | 2020 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 2.0% | 2020 |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 18.9% | 2024 |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 6.8 | 2021 |
Poverty & Inequality
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 0.1% | 2023 |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 0.2% | 2023 |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 0.9% | 2023 |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 12.1% | 2020 |
| Gini Index | 33 | 2023 |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 25.1% | 2023 |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 3.1% | 2023 |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 41.0% | 2023 |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 7.7% | 2023 |
| Shared Prosperity Premium (%) | 1.9% | 2023 |
| Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day) | 41.11 | 2023 |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 0.0% | 2023 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.68 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.73 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.64 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 10.9 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 6.4M | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Departures | 12.4M | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $4.96B | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $10.80B | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 1.3% | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $2.11B | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | -0.0% | 2024 |
| Population in Largest City | 12.7M | 2025 |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 11.9% | 2025 |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 24.1% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 2.6% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | -0.7% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 76.3% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 58.2% | 2024 |
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