Russian Federation · Urban PM2.5 Concentration (WHO)
7.62023
Unit: micrograms per cubic metre. Publisher measure: Concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5).
Annual population-weighted PM2.5 concentration in urban areas, matching WHO SDG11.6.2 metadata; label urban scope explicitly.
Measurement basis: model-based estimate.
Displayed values are rounded, with extra precision when needed to keep a positive estimate positive. Downloads retain the full numeric estimate and the publisher's original display text separately.
A “<” sign means strictly below the stated number. Numeric readings and uncertainty endpoints keep their own comparison signs. A number without a sign does not establish certainty or an observed outcome.
World Health Organization (Global Health Observatory); retrieved 2026-09-07. Retrieval time is separate from an official publisher release vintage.
Download this immutable source capture · Source and coverage corrections
One row per country, indicator and year, with raw values, source links and reuse notices. Thresholds have an empty numeric value and separate number/operator fields; value_kind distinguishes upper bounds from absent readings.
History and uncertainty
Charts plot numeric readings. Reported upper bounds create gaps; their values, uncertainty endpoints and source notes remain available in the table and downloads.
Reported estimates and uncertainty · 14 rows
Each comparison sign applies to its own reading or uncertainty endpoint. Values retain source precision. “Not reported” identifies an absent reading or uncertainty endpoint in this source capture.
| Country | Year | Reading | Lower endpoint | Upper endpoint | Publisher note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russian Federation | 2010 | 12.318533845 | 9.542679915 | 15.292431477 | — |
| Russian Federation | 2011 | 10.325631041 | 8.69297461 | 12.871572574 | — |
| Russian Federation | 2012 | 10.531637854 | 8.797133758 | 13.047887598 | — |
| Russian Federation | 2013 | 10.967958493 | 8.853086875 | 13.74764679 | — |
| Russian Federation | 2014 | 10.897074235 | 8.978241784 | 13.557911228 | — |
| Russian Federation | 2015 | 9.28372377 | 7.542119521 | 11.661336312 | — |
| Russian Federation | 2016 | 8.632056247 | 7.296078038 | 11.238702837 | — |
| Russian Federation | 2017 | 8.478368119 | 7.037844192 | 11.005668619 | — |
| Russian Federation | 2018 | 9.378604116 | 7.834711351 | 11.67963418 | — |
| Russian Federation | 2019 | 8.999972447 | 7.479165515 | 11.146386498 | — |
| Russian Federation | 2020 | 8.556349923 | 7.038014842 | 10.850821658 | — |
| Russian Federation | 2021 | 8.727329245 | 7.146067422 | 10.979769928 | — |
| Russian Federation | 2022 | 7.618013057 | 6.293132255 | 9.457284313 | — |
| Russian Federation | 2023 | 7.647617585 | 6.170613813 | 9.953327113 | — |
One row per country, indicator and year, with raw values, source links and reuse notices. Thresholds have an empty numeric value and separate number/operator fields; value_kind distinguishes upper bounds from absent readings.