Peru
Capital: LimaRegion: Latin America & Caribbean Income: Upper middle income
Peru's GDP is $326.61B (2026), with a population of 34.2M, and GDP per capita of $9,398. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 2.7%, inflation at 1.9%, unemployment at 6.5%, government debt at 33.6% of GDP, life expectancy of 77.7 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators. Explore Peru's full economic profile with 440+ indicators, interactive charts, and historical data below.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook
Economy
Financial Markets
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Exchange Rate (per USD) | 3.46 | 2026 |
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 1.9% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 33.6% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -2.2% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 1.2% | 2026 |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 6.5% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 2.0% | 2024 |
| Real Interest Rate (%) | 7.7% | 2022 |
| Lending Interest Rate (%) | 12.6% | 2022 |
| Deposit Interest Rate (%) | 4.8% | 2022 |
| Government Debt (% of GDP) | 35.2% | 2021 |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 20.7% | 2021 |
| Government Expenditure (% of GDP) | 22.8% | 2021 |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 15.9% | 2021 |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 36.3% | 2021 |
| Taxes on International Trade (% of revenue) | 0.8% | 2021 |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 29.5% | 2021 |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 1.6% | 2021 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $79.25B | 2024 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 10.5 | 2024 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 3.75 | 2024 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 1.78 | 2024 |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 61.6% | 2022 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 51.5% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 28.5% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 22.9% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $82.54B | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $66.34B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $73.03B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $55.15B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 2.4% | 2024 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 0.4% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $6.80B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $4.93B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 1.7% | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 5.2% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 2.2% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $6.39B | 2024 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 34.2% | 2024 |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $93.27B | 2024 |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 5.6% | 2024 |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $41.19B | 2024 |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $2.46B | 2024 |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 0.2% | 2023 |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $586.3M | 2023 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 45.7% | 2022 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP) | 28.4% | 2024 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (USD) | $82.20B | 2024 |
| Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP) | 1.3% | 2024 |
| Listed Domestic Companies | 176 | 2024 |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 11.7% | 2023 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 4.5% | 2023 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 59.3% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 56.2% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 62.5% | 2024 |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 54.0% | 2023 |
Business Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 54 | 2023 |
Private Sector
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 6.1% | 2023 |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 55.3% | 2023 |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 22.4% | 2023 |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 61.4% | 2023 |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 118 years | 2023 |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 58.4% | 2023 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 34.2M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | 1.1% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 26 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 1.3M | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 1.3M | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 85.2% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 29.2M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 14.8% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 77.7 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 75.4 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 80.1 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 2 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 15.9 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 5.5 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | 11,931 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 24.0% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 66.8% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 9.2% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 49.7% | 2024 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 13.8% | 2024 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 35.9% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 136.9 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 92.6 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 19.2M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 72.9% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 65.0% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 80.9% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 5.1% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 5.8% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 4.6% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 9.5% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 23.1% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 16.8% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 60.1% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (%) | 72.5% | 2024 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 47.5% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 48.7% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 39.8% | 2024 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 3.8% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 45.2% | 2025 |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 69.1% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 51.3% | 2025 |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 22.8% | 2022 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 4.2% | 2023 |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 19.2% | 2024 |
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 93.7% | 2024 |
| Female Literacy Rate (%) | 90.7% | 2024 |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 97.0% | 2024 |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 99.5% | 2024 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 113.9% | 2023 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 111.4% | 2023 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 95.0% | 2019 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 92.0% | 2019 |
| Primary School Teachers | 220,208 | 2024 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 224,754 | 2024 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 17 | 2018 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 14 | 2018 |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 33.9% | 2018 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 93.1 | 2016 |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 34.2% | 2018 |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 15.8% | 2018 |
Health
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 2 | 2024 |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 69 | 2024 |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 827 | 2022 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 1,588 | 2022 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 61.3% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 30.6% | 2021 |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 96.2% | 2023 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 91.8% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 27 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 56.1% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 718,119 | 2023 |
| Arable Land (%) | 3.1% | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 16.8% | 2024 |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 7.9% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 95.6% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 78.8% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 19.1% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 4,791 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 128.1 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 130.7 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 123.1 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 1.1M | 2023 |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 3.5M | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 93.5 | 2023 |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 6.9% | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 1.6% | 2022 |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 5.5M | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 82.0% | 2024 |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 122 | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 10.4 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 826.8 | 2024 |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 0.16% | 2022 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 94 | 2021 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 1,141 | 2021 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 4,585 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $286.2M | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 2.2% | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $154.5M | 2024 |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 97 | 2021 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 17.7M | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 299.2 | 2023 |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 2.9M | 2022 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 3.00 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 0.8% | 2022 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 38.5% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 64.6% | 2024 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 45.3% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 105.6% | 2018 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 43.6 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 106.54 | 2018 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 0.95 | 2021 |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 0.97 | 2021 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.72 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.49 | 2023 |
| Political Stability | -0.52 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | 0.29 | 2023 |
| Rule of Law | -0.54 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | 0.06 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 25.5% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 33.0% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 30.2% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 24.2% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 0.9% | 2024 |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $2.57B | 2024 |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 158,000 | 2020 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 0.9% | 2020 |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 4.1% | 2024 |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 8.6 | 2021 |
Poverty & Inequality
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 5.1% | 2024 |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 10.7% | 2024 |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 36.2% | 2024 |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 27.6% | 2024 |
| Gini Index | 40.1 | 2024 |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 30.3% | 2024 |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 2.0% | 2024 |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 46.2% | 2024 |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 5.6% | 2024 |
| Shared Prosperity Premium (%) | -1.6% | 2024 |
| Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day) | 13.86 | 2024 |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 1.5% | 2024 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Social Insurance Coverage (%) | 8.1% | 2022 |
| Social Assistance Coverage (%) | 79.8% | 2022 |
| Labor Market Programs Coverage (%) | 1.7% | 2022 |
| Social Protection Coverage (%) | 83.4% | 2022 |
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.61 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.60 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.61 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 8.6 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 1.1M | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Departures | 791,000 | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $1.00B | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $938.0M | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 2.2% | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $226.0M | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 1.6% | 2024 |
| Population in Largest City | 11.5M | 2025 |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 38.9% | 2025 |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 33.3% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 45.1% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | -1.6% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 49.4% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 56.5% | 2024 |
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