Luxembourg
Capital: LuxembourgRegion: Europe & Central AsiaIncome: High income
Luxembourg's GDP is $107.76B (2026), with a population of 677,012, and GDP per capita of $154,115. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 2.1%, inflation at 2.2%, unemployment at 6.2%, government debt at 28.1% of GDP, life expectancy of 83.4 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators. Explore Luxembourg's full economic profile with 440+ indicators, interactive charts, and historical data below.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook
Economy
Financial Markets
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| 10-Year Government Bond Yield (%) | 2.92% | 2025 |
| Central Bank Policy Rate (%) | 2.26% | 2025 |
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 2.2% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 28.1% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -1.5% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 12.4% | 2026 |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 6.2% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 2.1% | 2024 |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 42.8% | 2023 |
| Government Expenditure (% of GDP) | 42.2% | 2023 |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 26.8% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 25.3% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 33.8% | 2023 |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 2.7% | 2023 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $2.79B | 2024 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 0.1 | 2024 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 0.92 | 2024 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 0.82 | 2024 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 351.3% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 191.5% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 159.7% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $178.66B | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $149.00B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $16.21B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $25.09B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 113.6% | 2024 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 116.4% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $105.99B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $2.50B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 2.7% | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 5.1% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 4.4% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $4.10B | 2024 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 85.1% | 2024 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP) | 44.9% | 2024 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (USD) | $41.86B | 2024 |
| Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP) | 0.0% | 2024 |
| Listed Domestic Companies | 28 | 2024 |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 8.5% | 2023 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 1.9% | 2023 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 98.8% | 2017 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 98.2% | 2017 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 99.3% | 2017 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 677,012 | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | 1.6% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 259 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 2,590 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 2,574 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 94.8% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 642,104 | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 5.2% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 83.4 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 81.7 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 85.1 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 1.3 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 9.5 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 6.6 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | 5,237 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 15.8% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 68.7% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 15.5% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 45.5% | 2024 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 22.5% | 2024 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 22.9% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 57.3 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 33.7 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 354,487 | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 61.5% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 57.5% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 65.5% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 6.3% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 6.5% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 6.2% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 21.5% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 0.9% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 7.6% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 91.5% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (%) | 62.3% | 2024 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 6.9% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 89.7% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 35.8% | 2024 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 3.4% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 46.5% | 2025 |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 57.6% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 10.3% | 2025 |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 9.5% | 2024 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 3.7% | 2022 |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 8.5% | 2022 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 99.1% | 2023 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 107.7% | 2023 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 21.5% | 2023 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 77.5% | 2023 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 97.7% | 2023 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 254 | 2023 |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 85 | 2023 |
| Primary School Teachers | 5,479 | 2023 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 6,491 | 2023 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 8 | 2016 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 9 | 2016 |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 31.6% | 2015 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 78.4 | 2020 |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 40.7% | 2015 |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 13.1% | 2015 |
Health
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 10.6 | 2024 |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 7 | 2024 |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 4,592 | 2023 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 11,428 | 2023 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 89.0% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 20.5% | 2021 |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 100.0% | 2023 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 100.0% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 8.7 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 34.5% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 887 | 2023 |
| Arable Land (%) | 23.8% | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 38.7% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 100.0% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 97.6% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 51.7% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 5,540 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 114.9 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 96.4 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 120.2 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 26,730 | 2023 |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 0 | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 171.1 | 2023 |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 2.5% | 2023 |
| Agricultural Irrigated Land (%) | 0.3% | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 4.8% | 2022 |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 148,070 | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 98.8% | 2024 |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 144 | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 38.3 | 2022 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 58,437.7 | 2024 |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 0.98% | 2022 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 112 | 2021 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 1,441 | 2021 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 1,171 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $635.1M | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 3.8% | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $5.72B | 2024 |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 4,879 | 2022 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 2.5M | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 6,873.2 | 2023 |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 271 | 2021 |
| Railways, Passengers (million km) | 304 | 2021 |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 176 | 2021 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 3.60 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 0.0% | 2023 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 33.3% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 59.0% | 2024 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 90.2% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 105.1% | 2017 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 4 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 105.78 | 2017 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 1.00 | 2020 |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 0.99 | 2020 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | 1.93 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | 1.91 | 2023 |
| Political Stability | 1.05 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | 1.93 | 2023 |
| Rule of Law | 1.75 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | 1.63 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 96.7% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 98.1% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 97.6% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 87.7% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 1.0% | 2024 |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $871.6M | 2024 |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 1,000 | 2020 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 0.3% | 2020 |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 2.0% | 2024 |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 1.5 | 2022 |
Poverty & Inequality
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 0.1% | 2023 |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 0.1% | 2023 |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 0.2% | 2023 |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 17.3% | 2021 |
| Gini Index | 33.6 | 2023 |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 25.0% | 2023 |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 2.8% | 2023 |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 40.7% | 2023 |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 7.1% | 2023 |
| Shared Prosperity Premium (%) | 3.2% | 2023 |
| Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day) | 106.1 | 2023 |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 0.0% | 2023 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.69 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.70 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.67 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 9.8 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 525,000 | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Departures | 1.5M | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $4.45B | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $2.46B | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 3.0% | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $265.0M | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 1.6% | 2024 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 0.0% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | 0.8% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 99.7% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 96.3% | 2024 |
Explore Rankings
See where Luxembourg ranks globally across key indicators
Similar Economies
Countries in the same region (Europe & Central Asia) or income group (High income)
