Eritrea
ERISub-Saharan Africa Low incomeCapital: AsmaraEconomy
Fiscal
People
Health
Education
Trade
Energy / Env
Tech
Governance
Equality
Infra
Labor
47/80 indicators · percentile vs world (IMF / WB / WHO)underover
GDP
$2
2019▼ 1.2%
Population
3.5M
2024▲ 1.9%
GDP per Capita
$567
2019▼ 2.4%
Life Expectancy
68.6 years
2023▲ 1.2%
Eritrea in world space2000–2019
192 countries · log scale on X world Eritrea· trajectory line: 1980 → today
▶About Eritrea
with a population of 3.5M. Key indicators include life expectancy of 68.6 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators.
Economically, the region is classified under Sub-Saharan Africa with a low-income status. The capital, Asmara, serves as the central hub for economic activities. The unemployment rate is projected to be around 5.978% in 2025. The economy relies heavily on agriculture, mining, and services, with significant contributions from remittances and external aid. Socially, the population is estimated to be 3,535,603 in 2024. Life expectancy stands at 68.624 years as of 2023. The society faces challenges such as limited access to education and healthcare, though efforts are being made to improve these sectors. The social fabric is influenced by a blend of traditional and modern values, with a strong emphasis on community and family ties.
▶Economy7 indicators · 2019–2022 · IMF / WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDP (Current USD, Billions) | $2 | 2019 | ▼ 1.2% | IMF |
| Real GDP Growth (%) | 3.8% | 2019 | ▼ 70.8% | IMF |
| GDP per Capita (USD) | $567 | 2019 | ▼ 2.4% | IMF |
| GDP, PPP (Billions Intl $) | $6 | 2019 | ▲ 4.5% | IMF |
| GDP per Capita, PPP (Intl $) | $1,821 | 2019 | ▲ 3.2% | IMF |
| Share of World GDP, PPP (%) | 0.01% | 2019 | ▲ 0.0% | IMF |
| Medium/High-Tech Manufacturing (% of total) | 10.2% | 2022 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
▶Fiscal & Monetary9 indicators · 2019–2026 · IMF / WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 1.3% | 2019 | ▲ 109.0% | IMF |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 260.4% | 2019 | ▼ 2.5% | IMF |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | 2.7% | 2019 | ▼ 48.1% | IMF |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 13.0% | 2019 | ▼ 16.1% | IMF |
| Total Investment (% of GDP) | 6.7% | 2026 | ▼ 1.3% | IMF |
| Gross National Savings (% of GDP) | 17.0% | 2026 | ▲ 1.0% | IMF |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $191.7M | 2019 | ▲ 17.6% | WB |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 15.07 | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 4.94 | 2021 | ▼ 1.5% | WB |
▶Trade3 indicators · 2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $576.0M | 2024 | ▲ 19.3% | WB |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $562.0M | 2024 | ▲ 12.9% | WB |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $-27.9M | 2024 | ▼ 1450.0% | WB |
▶External Debt4 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $693.3M | 2024 | ▼ 4.5% | WB |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $417.6M | 2024 | — | WB |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $39.6M | 2024 | ▼ 2.8% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $129.2M | 2023 | ▲ 103.5% | WB |
▶People23 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 3.5M | 2024 | ▲ 1.9% | WB |
| Population Growth (%) | 1.9% | 2024 | ▲ 5.1% | WB |
| Population Density (per km²) | 29 | 2023 | ▲ 1.8% | WB |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 121,766 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Land Area (sq km) | 121,178 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Urban Population (%) | 34.5% | 2024 | ▼ 0.5% | WB |
| Urban Population (total) | 1.2M | 2024 | ▲ 1.4% | WB |
| Rural Population (%) | 65.5% | 2024 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 68.6 years | 2023 | ▲ 1.2% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 66.5 years | 2023 | ▲ 1.3% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 70.7 years | 2023 | ▲ 1.2% | WB |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 3.7 | 2023 | ▼ 1.9% | WB |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 28.5 | 2023 | ▼ 0.5% | WB |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 6 | 2023 | ▼ 4.3% | WB |
| Net Migration | -6,698 | 2025 | ▲ 47.2% | WB |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 38.1% | 2024 | ▼ 1.4% | WB |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 57.7% | 2024 | ▲ 0.9% | WB |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 4.2% | 2024 | ▲ 1.3% | WB |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 73.4% | 2024 | ▼ 2.0% | WB |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 7.3% | 2024 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 66.1% | 2024 | ▼ 2.2% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 216.6 | 2023 | ▼ 6.4% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 158.5 | 2023 | ▼ 7.7% | WB |
▶Labor17 indicators · 2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 1.8M | 2025 | ▲ 2.9% | WB |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 78.3% | 2025 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 72.8% | 2025 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 84.1% | 2025 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Unemployment (%) | 6.0% | 2025 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 6.7% | 2025 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 5.3% | 2025 | ▲ 1.0% | WB |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 10.2% | 2025 | ▲ 1.8% | WB |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 55.5% | 2025 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 12.7% | 2025 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| Employment in Services (%) | 31.8% | 2025 | ▲ 1.4% | WB |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 47.9% | 2025 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 47.6% | 2025 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 4.5% | 2025 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 47.7% | 2025 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 73.7% | 2025 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 52.4% | 2025 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
▶Education14 indicators · 2004–2022 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 89.7% | 2022 | ▲ 13.9% | WB |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 44.0% | 2022 | ▼ 4.6% | WB |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 61.3% | 2022 | ▼ 10.1% | WB |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 53.4% | 2022 | ▲ 8.4% | WB |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 179,166 | 2022 | ▲ 2.5% | WB |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 95,607 | 2022 | ▲ 1.1% | WB |
| Primary School Teachers | 12,025 | 2022 | ▲ 33.2% | WB |
| Secondary School Teachers | 9,725 | 2022 | ▲ 30.8% | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 39 | 2018 | ▼ 1.3% | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 35 | 2018 | ▼ 4.2% | WB |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 23.1% | 2004 | — | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 80.0 | 2017 | — | WB |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 21.1% | 2004 | — | WB |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 31.9% | 2004 | — | WB |
▶Health38 indicators · 2010–2024 · WHO
▶Energy & Environment14 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 0.2 | 2024 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 1 | 2024 | ▲ 1.8% | WB |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 290 | 2022 | ▲ 0.9% | WB |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 102 | 2022 | ▲ 2.7% | WB |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 5.8% | 2021 | ▼ 8.8% | WB |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 80.7% | 2021 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 54.4% | 2023 | ▲ 1.9% | WB |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 12.0% | 2023 | ▲ 0.8% | WB |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 32.4 | 2020 | ▼ 10.8% | WB |
| Forest Area (%) | 8.6% | 2023 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 10,458 | 2023 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Arable Land (%) | 5.7% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 0.0% | 2024 | — | WB |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 0.0% | 2024 | — | WB |
▶Agriculture10 indicators · 2022–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 62.7% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 639 | 2023 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 106.1 | 2022 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 100.6 | 2022 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 109.3 | 2022 | ▲ 0.7% | WB |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 477,686 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 1,862 | 2023 | ▲ 12.3% | WB |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 1.9 | 2023 | ▼ 52.5% | WB |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 20.8% | 2022 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 305,240 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
▶Technology5 indicators · 2022–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 20.0% | 2023 | ▲ 7.0% | WB |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 59 | 2022 | ▲ 10.0% | WB |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 0.2 | 2022 | ▲ 10.9% | WB |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 2 | 2024 | ▲ 587.0% | WB |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 34 | 2022 | ▲ 4.6% | WB |
▶Infrastructure6 indicators · 2018–2022 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 45,104 | 2020 | ▼ 55.5% | WB |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 0 | 2019 | — | WB |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 27,453 | 2019 | ▼ 26.3% | WB |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.09 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 97.2% | 2022 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Gender7 indicators · 2018–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 22.0% | 2019 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 41.0% | 2025 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 68.7% | 2018 | ▲ 13.4% | WB |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 65.2 | 2023 | ▼ 0.8% | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 73.38 | 2018 | ▲ 13.0% | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 0.92 | 2019 | ▲ 0.8% | WB |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 0.86 | 2019 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
▶Governance10 indicators · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -1.48 | 2023 | ▼ 15.1% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness | -1.79 | 2023 | ▼ 3.6% | WB |
| Political Stability | -0.79 | 2023 | ▲ 17.2% | WB |
| Regulatory Quality | -2.36 | 2023 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Rule of Law | -1.76 | 2023 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| Voice & Accountability | -1.86 | 2023 | ▲ 1.1% | WB |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 5.7% | 2023 | ▼ 29.4% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 2.8% | 2023 | ▼ 25.0% | WB |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 2.8% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 17.5% | 2023 | ▲ 16.2% | WB |
▶Military2 indicators · 2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Armed Forces Personnel | 202,000 | 2020 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 13.3% | 2020 | ▼ 1.4% | WB |
▶Tourism2 indicators · 2016 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 142,000 | 2016 | — | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $48.0M | 2016 | — | WB |
▶Urban Development5 indicators · 2022–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 1.4% | 2024 | ▲ 4.6% | WB |
| Population in Largest City | 1.2M | 2025 | ▲ 3.6% | WB |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 92.5% | 2025 | ▲ 1.6% | WB |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 48.7% | 2022 | ▼ 6.3% | WB |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | 2.1% | 2024 | ▲ 5.2% | WB |
