Cameroon
Capital: YaoundeRegion: Sub-Saharan Africa Income: Lower middle income
Cameroon's GDP is $67.52B (2026), with a population of 29.1M, and GDP per capita of $2,195. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 4.1%, inflation at 3.3%, government debt at 36.3% of GDP, life expectancy of 63.7 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators. Explore Cameroon's full economic profile with 440+ indicators, interactive charts, and historical data below.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook
Economy
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 3.3% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 36.3% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -1.2% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -3.9% | 2026 |
| Total Investment (% of GDP) | 22.3% | 2026 |
| Gross National Savings (% of GDP) | 18.4% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 4.5% | 2024 |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 13.7% | 2021 |
| Government Expenditure (% of GDP) | 12.4% | 2021 |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 11.3% | 2021 |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 43.3% | 2021 |
| Taxes on International Trade (% of revenue) | 11.2% | 2021 |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 21.8% | 2021 |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 4.5% | 2021 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $4.88B | 2023 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 5.1 | 2023 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 606.35 | 2024 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 198.54 | 2024 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 34.4% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 15.7% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 18.7% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $8.35B | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $9.98B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $5.90B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $8.20B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 1.7% | 2024 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 0.1% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $888.2M | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $690.2M | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 1.3% | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 2.1% | 2023 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -4.1% | 2023 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $-2.02B | 2023 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 31.3% | 2024 |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $15.77B | 2024 |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 3.2% | 2024 |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $10.97B | 2024 |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $2.03B | 2024 |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 2.0% | 2023 |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $940.3M | 2023 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 6.6% | 2023 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 12.9% | 2023 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 60.9% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 52.9% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 69.4% | 2024 |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 32.7% | 2024 |
Business Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 36 | 2024 |
Private Sector
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 21.6% | 2024 |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 36.8% | 2024 |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 21.2% | 2024 |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 24.0% | 2024 |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 13 years | 2024 |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 75.4% | 2024 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 29.1M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | 2.6% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 60 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 475,440 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 472,710 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 55.4% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 16.1M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 44.6% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 63.7 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 61.5 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 65.9 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 4.3 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 33.7 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 7.2 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | -15,379 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 41.4% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 55.8% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 2.8% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 79.3% | 2024 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 5.0% | 2024 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 74.3% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 275 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 195.6 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 11.5M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 65.2% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 56.6% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 73.9% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 3.6% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 4.1% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 3.2% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 6.5% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 41.9% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 14.6% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 43.5% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (%) | 65.3% | 2021 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 67.6% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 30.7% | 2025 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 1.7% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 43.9% | 2025 |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 62.8% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 69.3% | 2025 |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 23.2% | 2021 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 2.8% | 2023 |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 13.8% | 2024 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 114.4% | 2024 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 44.8% | 2023 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 16.7% | 2024 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 75.3% | 2024 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 35.0% | 2023 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 173,924 | 2024 |
| Primary School Teachers | 121,453 | 2024 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 118,092 | 2023 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 45 | 2018 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 19 | 2016 |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 33.9% | 2013 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 61.8 | 2023 |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 52.6% | 2012 |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 10.2% | 2013 |
Health
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 0.4 | 2024 |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 10 | 2024 |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 384 | 2022 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 284 | 2022 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 53.9% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 79.2% | 2021 |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 72.0% | 2023 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 30.7% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 39.8 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 42.7% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 201,725 | 2023 |
| Arable Land (%) | 13.1% | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 11.0% | 2024 |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 11.4% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 71.4% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 47.1% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 20.9% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 1,779 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 107.8 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 108.5 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 110.5 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 2.2M | 2023 |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 229,332 | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 16.4 | 2023 |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 4.8% | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 0.4% | 2022 |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 3.9M | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 41.9% | 2023 |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 96 | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 2.1 | 2022 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 25.2 | 2024 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 1,506 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $6.2M | 2023 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 9.5% | 2023 |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $189.9M | 2023 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 331,025 | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 0 | 2023 |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 366,667 | 2020 |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 884 | 2021 |
| Railways, Passengers (million km) | 225 | 2020 |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 874 | 2021 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.10 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 8.7% | 2022 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 33.9% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 57.7% | 2021 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 21.9% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 110.5% | 2018 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 106.7 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 116.77 | 2018 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 1.10 | 2021 |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 0.90 | 2019 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -1.16 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.91 | 2023 |
| Political Stability | -1.4 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | -0.91 | 2023 |
| Rule of Law | -1.04 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | -1.07 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 13.2% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 17.5% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 16.5% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 11.4% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 1.0% | 2024 |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $534.9M | 2024 |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 34,000 | 2020 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 0.3% | 2020 |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 6.1% | 2024 |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 6.8 | 2022 |
Poverty & Inequality
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 26.7% | 2021 |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 41.3% | 2021 |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 74.0% | 2021 |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 37.7% | 2021 |
| Gini Index | 42.2 | 2021 |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 31.1% | 2021 |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 2.1% | 2021 |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 47.9% | 2021 |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 5.4% | 2021 |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 8.2% | 2021 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Social Insurance Coverage (%) | 3.7% | 2021 |
| Social Assistance Coverage (%) | 7.4% | 2021 |
| Labor Market Programs Coverage (%) | 2.2% | 2021 |
| Social Protection Coverage (%) | 12.7% | 2021 |
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.40 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.40 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.40 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 5.3 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 1.0M | 2019 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $437.0M | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $697.0M | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 7.1% | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $28.0M | 2019 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 3.1% | 2024 |
| Population in Largest City | 4.9M | 2025 |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 29.2% | 2025 |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 30.8% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 32.7% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | 2.0% | 2024 |
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