Saudi Arabia
SAUMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & PakistanHigh incomeCapital: RiyadhEconomy
Fiscal
People
Health
Education
Trade
Energy / Env
Tech
Governance
Equality
Infra
Labor
74/80 indicators · percentile vs world (IMF / WB / WHO)underover
GDP
$1.39T
2026▲ 8.8%
Population
37.0M
2025▲ 4.7%
GDP per Capita
$37,811
2026▲ 6.6%
Life Expectancy
79.0 years
2024▲ 0.3%
Saudi Arabia in world space2000–2024
192 countries · log scale on X world Saudi Arabia· trajectory line: 1980 → today
▶About Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia's GDP is $1.39T (2026), with a population of 37.0M, and GDP per capita of $37,811. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 3.1%, inflation at 2.3%, unemployment at 3.5%, government debt at 32.1% of GDP, life expectancy of 79.0 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators.
▶Economy32 indicators · 2020–2026 · IMF / WB
▶Fiscal & Monetary17 indicators · 2023–2026 · IMF / WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 2.3% | 2026 | ▲ 15.0% | IMF |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 32.1% | 2026 | ▲ 1.3% | IMF |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -3.5% | 2026 | ▲ 39.7% | IMF |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -1.6% | 2026 | ▲ 46.7% | IMF |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 3.5% | 2024 | ▼ 12.5% | IMF |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 2.1% | 2025 | ▲ 23.5% | WB |
| Government Revenue Excluding Grants (% of GDP) | 26.8% | 2024 | ▲ 0.9% | WB |
| Government Expense (% of GDP) | 24.2% | 2023 | ▲ 10.2% | WB |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 8.1% | 2024 | ▲ 3.7% | WB |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 22.9% | 2024 | ▲ 5.9% | WB |
| Taxes on International Trade (% of revenue) | 1.9% | 2024 | ▲ 6.5% | WB |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 2.5% | 2024 | ▼ 21.3% | WB |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 4.1% | 2024 | ▼ 0.7% | WB |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $505.16B | 2025 | ▲ 8.9% | WB |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 15.6 | 2025 | ▲ 3.6% | WB |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 3.75 | 2025 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 1.76 | 2025 | ▼ 5.2% | WB |
▶Trade15 indicators · 2024–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 57.9% | 2025 | ▲ 2.7% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 29.7% | 2025 | ▲ 1.2% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 28.2% | 2025 | ▲ 4.3% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $379.83B | 2025 | ▲ 3.1% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $359.76B | 2025 | ▲ 6.2% | WB |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $310.67B | 2025 | ▲ 1.7% | WB |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $254.06B | 2025 | ▲ 9.1% | WB |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 2.6% | 2025 | ▲ 50.2% | WB |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 2.1% | 2025 | ▼ 3.9% | WB |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $32.63B | 2025 | ▲ 52.9% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $350.6M | 2025 | ▲ 3.6% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 0.0% | 2025 | ▲ 1.7% | WB |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 0.5% | 2024 | ▼ 7.9% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -2.6% | 2025 | ▼ 97.8% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $-32.74B | 2025 | ▼ 101.4% | WB |
▶Finance10 indicators · 2024–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP) | 184.7% | 2025 | ▼ 15.1% | WB |
| Stock Market Capitalization (USD) | $2.36T | 2025 | ▼ 13.5% | WB |
| Stocks Traded, Total Value (% of GDP) | 26.1% | 2025 | ▼ 31.0% | WB |
| Listed Domestic Companies | 391 | 2025 | ▲ 11.1% | WB |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 13.9% | 2025 | ▲ 3.0% | WB |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 1.0% | 2025 | ▼ 16.7% | WB |
| Financial Institution or Mobile-Money Account Ownership (Age 15+, %) | 78.8% | 2024 | ▲ 6.1% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 73.5% | 2024 | — | WB |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 81.8% | 2024 | — | WB |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 57.1% | 2025 | ▲ 335.9% | WB |
▶Business Environment1 indicator · 2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 12 | 2025 | ▲ 112.1% | WB |
▶Private Sector6 indicators · 2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 1.0% | 2025 | ▼ 54.7% | WB |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 2.4% | 2025 | ▼ 51.1% | WB |
| Firms with a Female Top Manager (%) | 1.8% | 2025 | ▼ 40.4% | WB |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 1.4% | 2025 | ▼ 64.0% | WB |
| Time to Obtain an Operating License (days) | 6.3 | 2025 | ▼ 6.5% | WB |
| Firms Competing with Unregistered Firms (%) | 9.0% | 2025 | ▼ 52.6% | WB |
▶People23 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 37.0M | 2025 | ▲ 4.7% | WB |
| Population Growth (%) | 4.6% | 2025 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Population Density (per km²) | 16 | 2023 | ▲ 4.7% | WB |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 2.1M | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Land Area (sq km) | 2.1M | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Urban Population (%) | 84.6% | 2025 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Urban Population (total) | 31.3M | 2025 | ▲ 4.9% | WB |
| Rural Population (%) | 15.4% | 2025 | ▼ 1.0% | WB |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 79.0 years | 2024 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 77.3 years | 2024 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 81.3 years | 2024 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 2.3 | 2024 | ▲ 1.2% | WB |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 16.5 | 2024 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 2.3 | 2024 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Net Migration | 119,738 | 2025 | ▼ 2.0% | WB |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 23.6% | 2025 | ▼ 0.8% | WB |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 73.3% | 2025 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 3.1% | 2025 | ▲ 3.6% | WB |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 36.4% | 2025 | ▼ 0.5% | WB |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 4.2% | 2025 | ▲ 3.5% | WB |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 32.2% | 2025 | ▼ 1.0% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 86.5 | 2024 | ▼ 9.5% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 54.5 | 2024 | ▼ 3.1% | WB |
▶Labor19 indicators · 2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 18.4M | 2025 | ▲ 4.8% | WB |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 65.1% | 2025 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 33.6% | 2025 | ▲ 0.8% | WB |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 83.3% | 2025 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| Unemployment (%) | 3.0% | 2025 | ▼ 13.6% | WB |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 9.7% | 2025 | ▼ 10.8% | WB |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 1.5% | 2025 | ▼ 18.9% | WB |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 10.0% | 2025 | ▼ 13.0% | WB |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 2.5% | 2025 | ▼ 2.9% | WB |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 23.1% | 2025 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Employment in Services (%) | 74.4% | 2025 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Labor Force Participation, Age 15+ (National Estimate, %) | 67.4% | 2025 | ▲ 1.7% | WB |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 1.7% | 2025 | ▼ 2.1% | WB |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 94.5% | 2025 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 3.9% | 2025 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 18.9% | 2025 | ▲ 1.4% | WB |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 63.1% | 2025 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 5.5% | 2025 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 16.4% | 2025 | ▲ 1.4% | WB |
▶Education18 indicators · 2018–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 4.5% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 15.6% | 2024 | ▼ 1.3% | WB |
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 97.9% | 2024 | — | WB |
| Female Literacy Rate (%) | 96.7% | 2024 | — | WB |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 98.6% | 2024 | — | WB |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 99.9% | 2024 | — | WB |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 104.0% | 2024 | ▲ 1.8% | WB |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 110.7% | 2024 | ▼ 9.4% | WB |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 83.9% | 2024 | ▲ 13.7% | WB |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 99.4% | 2024 | ▼ 17.1% | WB |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 103.5% | 2024 | ▼ 10.8% | WB |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 17,458 | 2024 | ▼ 81.2% | WB |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 4,633 | 2024 | ▼ 89.1% | WB |
| Primary School Teachers | 244,652 | 2024 | ▲ 4.2% | WB |
| Secondary School Teachers | 242,375 | 2024 | ▲ 2.2% | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 14 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 12 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Persistence to Last Primary Grade (% of Cohort) | 82.4% | 2018 | — | WB |
▶Health51 indicators · 2020–2025 · WHO
▶Energy & Environment18 indicators · 2021–2025 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions per Capita, Excluding LULUCF (t CO2e) | 18.5 | 2024 | ▼ 2.0% | WB |
| CO₂ Emissions, Excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e) | 653 | 2024 | ▲ 2.7% | WB |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 7,149 | 2023 | ▼ 5.0% | WB |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 11,911 | 2023 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 0.1% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 0.1% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 100.0% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 100.0% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 73.5 | 2023 | ▼ 5.5% | WB |
| Forest Area (%) | 0.5% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 9,770 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Arable Land (%) | 1.6% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Terrestrial and Marine Protected Areas (%) | 17.0% | 2025 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 3.5% | 2025 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 99.0% | 2024 | ▼ 0.0% | WHO |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 97.6% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WHO |
| Urban PM2.5 Concentration (WHO) | 44.976758627 | 2023 | — | WHO |
| Air Pollution Mortality (household + ambient, age-standardized) | 45.463 | 2021 | — | WHO |
▶Agriculture12 indicators · 2022–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 80.8% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 5,122 | 2023 | ▲ 2.4% | WB |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 172.7 | 2022 | — | WB |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 182.3 | 2022 | ▲ 4.7% | WB |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 164.7 | 2022 | — | WB |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 232,932 | 2023 | ▲ 9.0% | WB |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 85,324 | 2024 | ▲ 14.2% | WB |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 122.4 | 2023 | ▲ 2.6% | WB |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 2.5% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Agricultural Irrigated Land (%) | 0.4% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 974.2% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 1.2M | 2023 | ▲ 11.6% | WB |
▶Technology13 indicators · 2021–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 100.0% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 160 | 2024 | ▲ 1.1% | WB |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 44.1 | 2024 | ▲ 1.1% | WB |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 482.8 | 2024 | ▲ 13.4% | WB |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 0.64% | 2024 | ▲ 28.4% | WB |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 1,398 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 2,581 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 24,595 | 2023 | ▲ 7.4% | WB |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $243.4M | 2024 | ▼ 7.0% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 3.6% | 2025 | ▲ 4.8% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $2.51B | 2025 | ▲ 15.8% | WB |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 853 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 1,235 | 2024 | ▲ 10.2% | WB |
▶Infrastructure9 indicators · 2010–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 48.0M | 2023 | ▲ 65.4% | WB |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 1,036.8 | 2023 | ▼ 27.9% | WB |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 8.0M | 2024 | ▼ 29.4% | WB |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 2,939 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Rail Passengers Carried (million passenger-km) | 135 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 1,852 | 2010 | — | WB |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 3.40 | 2022 | — | WB |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 41.1% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Gender8 indicators · 2018–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 19.9% | 2025 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 35.2% | 2025 | ▲ 5.3% | WB |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 93.2% | 2025 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Gross Intake to First Primary Grade, Female (%) | 92.1% | 2018 | — | WB |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 11.1 | 2024 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Gross Intake to First Primary Grade, Total (%) | 91.5% | 2018 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 0.96 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 1.01 | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Governance10 indicators · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | 0.54 | 2023 | ▲ 50.0% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness | 0.8 | 2023 | ▲ 36.8% | WB |
| Political Stability | -0.21 | 2023 | ▲ 40.1% | WB |
| Regulatory Quality | 0.52 | 2023 | ▲ 23.5% | WB |
| Rule of Law | 0.41 | 2023 | ▲ 43.0% | WB |
| Voice & Accountability | -1.42 | 2023 | ▲ 4.6% | WB |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 66.5% | 2023 | ▲ 4.4% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 78.8% | 2023 | ▲ 11.3% | WB |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 62.7% | 2023 | ▲ 8.1% | WB |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 39.8% | 2023 | ▲ 15.6% | WB |
▶Military6 indicators · 2019–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 7.3% | 2024 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $80.33B | 2024 | ▲ 3.3% | WB |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 282,000 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 1.9% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 22.3% | 2024 | ▼ 1.1% | WB |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 0.9 | 2019 | — | WB |
▶Social Protection4 indicators · 2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.58 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.60 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.56 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 7.9 years | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Tourism6 indicators · 2019–2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 20.3M | 2019 | — | WB |
| International Tourism, Departures | 27.2M | 2019 | — | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $5.96B | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $9.07B | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 3.2% | 2020 | — | WB |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $1.92B | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Urban Development7 indicators · 2022–2025 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 4.8% | 2025 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Population in Largest City | 8.0M | 2025 | ▲ 1.7% | WB |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 25.4% | 2025 | ▼ 3.1% | WB |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 49.2% | 2025 | ▼ 3.0% | WB |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 0.6% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | 3.6% | 2025 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 83.9% | 2024 | ▼ 0.1% | WHO |
