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World›Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan›Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

SAUMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & PakistanHigh incomeCapital: Riyadh
Economy
Fiscal
People
Health
Education
Trade
Energy / Env
Tech
Governance
Equality
Infra
Labor
74/80 indicators · percentile vs world (IMF / WB / WHO)underover
GDP
$1,379
2027▲ 4.8%
Population
35.3M
2024▲ 4.7%
GDP per Capita
$36,807
2027▲ 2.7%
Life Expectancy
78.7 years
2023▲ 1.8%
Saudi Arabia in world space2000–2023
1k10k100k505560657075808590GDP per capita (USD, log)Life expectancy (years)20002023
192 countries · log scale on X world Saudi Arabia· trajectory line: 1980 → today
▶About Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia's GDP is $1.32T (2026), with a population of 35.3M, and GDP per capita of $35,839. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 4.0%, inflation at 2.0%, unemployment at 3.5%, government debt at 31.8% of GDP, life expectancy of 78.7 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators.

The economy is projected to see a GDP growth rate of 4.0% in 2026, with a total GDP of $1316.25 billion. The GDP per capita is expected to reach $35,839.34, reflecting a high-income status. Inflation is anticipated to be at 2.0%, while trade as a percentage of GDP stood at 54.68% in 2024. The unemployment rate is projected to be 3.04% in 2025. The society benefits from a life expectancy of 78.73 years as of 2023. The population is estimated to be 35,300,280 in 2024.

▶Economy30 indicators · 2020–2027 · IMF / WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
GDP (Current USD, Billions)$1,3792027▲ 4.8%IMF
Real GDP Growth (%)3.2%2027▼ 20.0%IMF
GDP per Capita (USD)$36,8072027▲ 2.7%IMF
GDP, PPP (Billions Intl $)$2,9882027▲ 5.0%IMF
GDP per Capita, PPP (Intl $)$79,7502027▲ 2.9%IMF
Share of World GDP, PPP (%)1.30%2027▲ 0.1%IMF
GNI (Current USD)$1.25T2024▲ 1.6%WB
GNI per Capita (USD)$35,6302024▼ 1.9%WB
GNI per Capita, PPP (USD)$71,7302024▼ 0.4%WB
Industry Value Added (% of GDP)44.9%2024▼ 5.6%WB
Services Value Added (% of GDP)47.1%2024▲ 5.2%WB
Agriculture Value Added (% of GDP)2.5%2024▲ 3.2%WB
Government Consumption (% of GDP)21.3%2024▲ 1.9%WB
Household Consumption (% of GDP)44.9%2024▲ 3.1%WB
Gross Capital Formation (% of GDP)30.2%2024▲ 3.5%WB
Gross Savings (% of GNI)29.9%2024▼ 6.5%WB
GDP Deflator (%)-0.3%2024▲ 88.5%WB
GDP per Person Employed (USD)$131,0272024▼ 3.3%WB
Manufacturing Value Added (% of GDP)15.7%2024▼ 1.1%WB
Medium/High-Tech Manufacturing (% of total)29.1%2022▼ 0.0%WB
Adjusted Net National Income per Capita (USD)$18,8382020—WB
Adjusted Net Savings (% of GNI)10.9%2020—WB
External Balance on Goods & Services (% of GDP)3.5%2024▼ 44.0%WB
Coal Rents (% of GDP)0.00%2021—WB
Mineral Rents (% of GDP)0.16%2021▲ 167.4%WB
Oil Rents (% of GDP)23.69%2021—WB
Natural Gas Rents (% of GDP)1.72%2021—WB
Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP)25.6%2021—WB
Forest Rents (% of GDP)0.00%2021▼ 19.8%WB
Industry Value Added (Current USD)$557.10B2024▼ 4.0%WB
▶Stock Markets1 indicator · 2026 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Tadawul All Share11,343.172026▲ 2.0%WB
▶Fiscal & Monetary17 indicators · 2023–2027 · IMF / WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Inflation, Consumer Prices (%)2.0%2027▲ 0.0%IMF
Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP)34.4%2027▲ 8.2%IMF
Fiscal Balance (% of GDP)-3.8%2027▼ 2.7%IMF
Current Account Balance (% of GDP)-3.2%2027▼ 28.0%IMF
Unemployment Rate (%)3.5%2024▼ 12.5%IMF
Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank)1.7%2024▼ 27.5%WB
Government Revenue (% of GDP)27.1%2024▲ 2.1%WB
Government Expenditure (% of GDP)24.2%2023▲ 10.2%WB
Tax Revenue (% of GDP)8.2%2024▲ 4.9%WB
Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue)22.9%2024▲ 5.9%WB
Taxes on International Trade (% of revenue)1.9%2024▲ 6.5%WB
Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev)2.5%2024▼ 21.3%WB
Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP)4.1%2024▲ 0.5%WB
Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD)$463.87B2024▲ 1.3%WB
Total Reserves (months of imports)15.12024▼ 9.1%WB
Official Exchange Rate (per USD)3.752024▲ 0.0%WB
PPP Conversion Factor1.852024▼ 2.6%WB
▶Trade15 indicators · 2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Trade (% of GDP)54.7%2024▲ 0.9%WB
Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP)29.1%2024▼ 3.7%WB
Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP)25.6%2024▲ 6.9%WB
Exports of Goods & Services (USD)$360.90B2024▼ 2.1%WB
Imports of Goods & Services (USD)$317.01B2024▲ 8.7%WB
Merchandise Exports (USD)$305.50B2024▼ 4.5%WB
Merchandise Imports (USD)$232.81B2024▲ 12.5%WB
FDI Inflows (% of GDP)1.7%2024▼ 8.0%WB
FDI Outflows (% of GDP)2.2%2024▲ 56.5%WB
FDI Net Inflows (USD)$21.34B2024▼ 6.4%WB
Personal Remittances Received (USD)$338.5M2024▲ 8.4%WB
Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP)0.0%2024▲ 6.5%WB
High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured)0.5%2024▼ 7.9%WB
Current Account Balance (% of GDP)-1.3%2024▼ 161.6%WB
Current Account Balance (USD)$-16.25B2024▼ 162.6%WB
▶Finance10 indicators · 2022–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP)220.0%2024▼ 11.1%WB
Stock Market Capitalization (USD)$2.73T2024▼ 9.6%WB
Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP)38.2%2024▲ 35.8%WB
Listed Domestic Companies3522024▲ 13.9%WB
Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%)13.7%2023▼ 1.9%WB
Bank Nonperforming Loans (%)1.5%2023▼ 16.0%WB
Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%)78.8%2024▲ 6.1%WB
Account Ownership, Female (%)73.5%2024▲ 15.7%WB
Account Ownership, Male (%)81.8%2024▲ 0.2%WB
Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%)13.1%2022—WB
▶Business Environment1 indicator · 2022 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Time to Get Electricity (days)62022—WB
▶Private Sector6 indicators · 2022 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%)2.3%2022—WB
Firms with Female Top Manager (%)4.9%2022—WB
Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%)3.0%2022—WB
Firms Offering Training (%)3.9%2022—WB
Average Firm Age (years)7 years2022—WB
Firms Using Computers (%)19.0%2022—WB
▶People23 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Population35.3M2024▲ 4.7%WB
Population Growth (%)4.6%2024▼ 0.2%WB
Population Density (per km²)162023▲ 4.7%WB
Surface Area (sq km)2.1M2023▲ 0.0%WB
Land Area (sq km)2.1M2023▲ 0.0%WB
Urban Population (%)84.5%2024▲ 0.2%WB
Urban Population (total)29.8M2024▲ 4.9%WB
Rural Population (%)15.5%2024▼ 1.0%WB
Life Expectancy at Birth78.7 years2023▲ 1.8%WB
Life Expectancy, Male77.1 years2023▲ 2.1%WB
Life Expectancy, Female81.2 years2023▲ 1.2%WB
Fertility Rate (births per woman)2.32023▲ 6.5%WB
Birth Rate (per 1,000)16.42023▲ 7.9%WB
Death Rate (per 1,000)2.32023▼ 8.9%WB
Net Migration119,7382025▼ 2.0%WB
Population Ages 0–14 (%)23.8%2024▼ 1.2%WB
Population Ages 15–64 (%)73.2%2024▲ 0.2%WB
Population Ages 65+ (%)3.0%2024▲ 4.7%WB
Age Dependency Ratio (%)36.6%2024▼ 0.7%WB
Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%)4.0%2024▲ 4.4%WB
Youth Dependency Ratio (%)32.5%2024▼ 1.4%WB
Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000)95.62023▼ 11.8%WB
Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000)56.22023▼ 8.8%WB
▶Labor19 indicators · 2024–2025 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Total Labor Force17.9M2025▲ 1.8%WB
Labor Force Participation (%)65.1%2025▼ 0.2%WB
Female Labor Force Participation (%)33.6%2025▲ 0.8%WB
Male Labor Force Participation (%)83.3%2025▼ 0.2%WB
Unemployment (%)3.0%2025▼ 13.6%WB
Female Unemployment (%)9.7%2025▼ 10.8%WB
Male Unemployment (%)1.5%2025▼ 18.9%WB
Youth Unemployment (%)10.0%2025▼ 13.0%WB
Employment in Agriculture (%)2.5%2025▼ 2.9%WB
Employment in Industry (%)23.1%2025▲ 0.0%WB
Employment in Services (%)74.4%2025▲ 0.1%WB
Self-Employed (%)66.3%2024▼ 0.5%WB
Vulnerable Employment (%)1.7%2025▼ 2.1%WB
Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total)94.5%2025▲ 0.0%WB
Employers (% of total employment)3.9%2025▲ 0.3%WB
Labor Force, Female (% of total)18.9%2025▲ 1.4%WB
Employment to Population Ratio (%)63.1%2025▲ 0.3%WB
Self-Employed (% of total)5.5%2025▼ 0.4%WB
NEET Youth (% not in education/employment)16.2%2024▼ 4.8%WB
▶Education18 indicators · 2018–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Education Spending (% of GDP)5.1%2023—WB
Education Spending (% of govt expenditure)14.8%2024▼ 8.7%WB
Adult Literacy Rate (%)97.9%2024▲ 0.3%WB
Female Literacy Rate (%)96.7%2024—WB
Male Literacy Rate (%)98.6%2024—WB
Youth Literacy Rate (%)99.9%2024▲ 0.4%WB
Primary School Enrollment (%)104.0%2024▲ 1.8%WB
Secondary School Enrollment (%)110.7%2024▼ 9.4%WB
Tertiary School Enrollment (%)83.9%2024▲ 21.0%WB
Primary Completion Rate (%)99.4%2024▼ 17.1%WB
Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%)103.5%2024▼ 12.8%WB
Out-of-School Children, Primary17,4582024▼ 81.2%WB
Out-of-School Girls, Primary4,6332024▼ 89.1%WB
Primary School Teachers244,6522024▲ 4.2%WB
Secondary School Teachers242,3752024▲ 2.2%WB
Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary142018—WB
Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary122018—WB
Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary)82.42018—WB
▶Health42 indicators · 2019–2024 · WHO
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Health Spending (% of GDP)5.7%2023▲ 7.0%WHO
Health Spending per Capita (USD)$1,8252023▼ 0.3%WHO
Government Health Spending (% of GDP)4.4%2023▲ 7.9%WHO
Out-of-Pocket Health Spending (% of total)14.1%2023▲ 10.4%WHO
Physicians (per 1,000 people)3.42023▼ 2.2%WHO
Nurses & Midwives (per 1,000)6.62023▲ 5.2%WHO
Hospital Beds (per 1,000)2.42023▼ 1.2%WHO
Infant Mortality (per 1,000 live births)6.22023▼ 3.1%WHO
Neonatal Mortality (per 1,000)32023▼ 3.2%WHO
Maternal Mortality (per 100,000)72023▼ 22.2%WHO
Under-5 Mortality, Female (per 1,000)62023▼ 4.8%WHO
Under-5 Mortality, Male (per 1,000)6.32023▼ 3.1%WHO
Cause of Death, Communicable (%)7.1%2019—WHO
Cause of Death, Non-Communicable (%)73.4%2019—WHO
Cause of Death, Injury (%)19.5%2019—WHO
Measles Immunization (% of children)96.0%2024▼ 1.0%WHO
DPT Immunization (% of children)97.0%2024▲ 0.0%WHO
HIV Incidence (per 1,000)0.12024▲ 0.0%WHO
Tuberculosis Incidence (per 100,000)82024▲ 0.0%WHO
Stunting, Children Under 5 (%)10.8%2020—WHO
Overweight, Children Under 5 (%)11.6%2020—WHO
Smoking Prevalence, Males (%)27.6%2022▲ 1.1%WHO
Smoking Prevalence, Females (%)2.1%2022▼ 4.5%WHO
Suicide Mortality Rate (per 100,000)0.92021—WHO
Alcohol Consumption (liters per capita)02020—WHO
Maternal Deaths402023▼ 9.0%WHO
Tuberculosis Incidence (per 100K)8.42024▲ 0.0%WHO
People Living with HIV13,0002024▲ 8.3%WHO
Malaria Deaths (estimated)02024—WHO
Malaria Incidence (per 1K at risk)02024—WHO
DTP3 Immunization Coverage (%)97%2024▲ 0.0%WHO
Measles Immunization Coverage (%)96%2024▼ 1.0%WHO
Hepatitis B Immunization Coverage (%)97%2024▲ 0.0%WHO
Physicians (total)342023▼ 2.2%WHO
Nursing & Midwifery Personnel662023▲ 5.2%WHO
Dentists (total)213,1102023▲ 8.8%WHO
Pharmacists (total)4,9972023▲ 7.0%WHO
Child Wasting (<5 years, %)3.9%2020—WHO
Child Underweight (<5 years, %)3.5%2020—WHO
Universal Health Coverage Index832023▲ 1.2%WHO
Road Traffic Death Rate (per 100K)6,6512021—WHO
Health Expenditure per Capita (WHO, USD)$1,8252023▼ 0.3%WHO
▶Energy & Environment16 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB / WHO
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita)18.52024▼ 2.0%WB
CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes)6532024▲ 2.7%WB
Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita)7,5302022▲ 0.9%WB
Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita)11,8352022▼ 1.9%WB
Renewable Electricity Output (%)0.1%2021—WB
Renewable Energy Consumption (%)0.1%2021—WB
Access to Electricity (%)100.0%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%)100.0%2023▲ 0.0%WB
PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³)53.12020—WB
Forest Area (%)0.5%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Forest Area (sq km)9,7702023▲ 0.0%WB
Arable Land (%)1.6%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Terrestrial Protected Areas (%)17.0%2024▲ 19.7%WB
Marine Protected Areas (%)3.5%2024▲ 40.0%WB
Access to Basic Drinking Water (%)99.0%2024▼ 0.0%WHO
Access to Basic Sanitation (%)97.6%2024▲ 0.0%WHO
▶Agriculture12 indicators · 2022–2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Agricultural Land (%)80.8%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Cereal Yield (kg per hectare)5,1222023▲ 2.4%WB
Food Production Index (2014–2016=100)172.72022▲ 3.2%WB
Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100)182.32022▲ 4.7%WB
Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100)164.72022▲ 2.1%WB
Land Under Cereal Production (hectares)232,9322023▲ 9.0%WB
Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes)69,0552023▲ 7.5%WB
Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare)122.42023▲ 2.6%WB
Prevalence of Undernourishment (%)2.5%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Agricultural Irrigated Land (%)0.4%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal)974.2%2022▲ 0.0%WB
Cereal Production (metric tons)1.2M2023▲ 11.6%WB
▶Technology13 indicators · 2021–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Internet Users (%)100.0%2024▲ 0.0%WB
Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people)1582023▲ 5.3%WB
Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100)43.62023▲ 4.2%WB
Secure Internet Servers (per million)482.82024▲ 13.4%WB
R&D Spending (% of GDP)0.56%2023▲ 22.0%WB
Patent Applications, Residents1,3982021—WB
Patent Applications, Non-Residents2,5812021—WB
Scientific Journal Articles25,8252022▲ 19.5%WB
High-Technology Exports (USD)$243.4M2024▼ 7.0%WB
ICT Service Exports (% of service exports)3.5%2024▼ 9.0%WB
ICT Service Exports (USD)$2.17B2024▲ 4.7%WB
Industrial Design Applications, Resident8532021▲ 58.8%WB
Researchers in R&D (per million)1,1212023▲ 17.0%WB
▶Infrastructure9 indicators · 2010–2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Air Transport, Passengers Carried48.0M2023▲ 65.4%WB
Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km)1,036.82023▼ 27.9%WB
Container Port Traffic (TEU)10.5M2022▲ 5.9%WB
Rail Lines (total km)2,9392018—WB
Railways, Passengers (million km)1352018—WB
Railways, Goods (million ton-km)1,8522010—WB
Logistics Performance Index (1–5)3.402022—WB
Electricity from Oil (%)41.2%2022▼ 0.4%WB
Electricity from Nuclear (%)0.0%2021—WB
▶Gender8 indicators · 2018–2025 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Women in Parliament (%)19.9%2024▲ 0.0%WB
Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%)33.5%2024▼ 3.3%WB
Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%)93.2%2025▲ 0.1%WB
Girls Out-of-School Rate (%)92.1%2018—WB
Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000)11.12023▲ 8.0%WB
Gender Parity Index, Primary91.512018—WB
Gender Parity Index, Secondary0.962021▲ 3.6%WB
Gender Parity in Primary Education1.012021▼ 0.5%WB
▶Governance10 indicators · 2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Control of Corruption0.542023▲ 50.0%WB
Government Effectiveness0.82023▲ 36.8%WB
Political Stability-0.212023▲ 40.1%WB
Regulatory Quality0.522023▲ 23.5%WB
Rule of Law0.412023▲ 43.0%WB
Voice & Accountability-1.422023▲ 4.6%WB
Control of Corruption (percentile rank)66.5%2023▲ 4.4%WB
Government Effectiveness (percentile rank)78.8%2023▲ 11.3%WB
Rule of Law (percentile rank)62.7%2023▲ 8.1%WB
Political Stability (percentile rank)39.8%2023▲ 15.6%WB
▶Military6 indicators · 2019–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Military Spending (% of GDP)7.3%2024▲ 0.2%WB
Military Expenditure (USD)$80.33B2024▲ 3.3%WB
Armed Forces Personnel282,0002020—WB
Armed Forces (% of labor force)1.9%2020—WB
Military Spending (% of govt expenditure)22.3%2024▼ 1.1%WB
Intentional Homicides (per 100,000)0.92019—WB
▶Social Protection4 indicators · 2020 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Human Capital Index (0–1)0.582020—WB
Human Capital Index, Female0.602020—WB
Human Capital Index, Male0.562020—WB
Learning-Adjusted Years of School7.9 years2020—WB
▶Tourism6 indicators · 2019–2020 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
International Tourism, Arrivals20.3M2019—WB
International Tourism, Departures27.2M2019—WB
Tourism Receipts (USD)$5.96B2020—WB
Tourism Expenditures (USD)$9.07B2020—WB
Tourism Receipts (% of total exports)3.2%2020—WB
International Tourism, Transport Services (USD)$1.92B2020—WB
▶Urban Development7 indicators · 2022–2025 · WB / WHO
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Urban Population Growth (%)4.8%2024▼ 0.2%WB
Population in Largest City8.0M2025▲ 1.7%WB
Population in Largest City (% of urban)26.2%2025▼ 0.2%WB
Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total)50.7%2025▼ 0.1%WB
Population in Slums (% of urban)0.6%2022—WB
Rural Population Growth (%)3.6%2024▼ 0.1%WB
Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%)83.9%2024▼ 0.1%WHO

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