Pakistan
PAKMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & PakistanLower middle incomeCapital: IslamabadEconomy
Fiscal
People
Health
Education
Trade
Energy / Env
Tech
Governance
Equality
Infra
Labor
73/80 indicators · percentile vs world (IMF / WB / WHO)underover
GDP
$410
2025▲ 10.5%
Population
251.3M
2024▲ 1.5%
GDP per Capita
$1,707
2025▲ 8.4%
Life Expectancy
67.6 years
2023▲ 0.3%
Pakistan in world space2000–2023
192 countries · log scale on X world Pakistan· trajectory line: 1980 → today
▶About Pakistan
Pakistan's GDP is $410.50B (2025), with a population of 251.3M, and GDP per capita of $1,707. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 3.6%, inflation at 6.0%, unemployment at 7.5%, government debt at 71.3% of GDP, life expectancy of 67.6 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators.
In the region of Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan, the economy is classified as lower middle income. The capital, Islamabad, serves as the political and administrative hub. The GDP is projected to reach $410.495 billion in 2025, with a growth rate of 3.6% in 2026. The GDP per capita is estimated at $1706.912 in 2025. Inflation is expected to be around 6.0% in 2026. Trade constitutes 27.58% of the GDP in 2024, and the unemployment rate is projected to be 5.42% in 2025. The population is approximately 251,269,164 in 2024, with a life expectancy of 67.649 years as of 2023. The society is diverse, with a rich cultural heritage and a predominantly young population, which presents both opportunities and challenges for economic and social development.
▶Economy30 indicators · 2021–2027 · IMF / WB
▶Financial Markets1 indicator · 2026 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exchange Rate (per USD) | 279.25 | 2026 | — | WB |
▶Fiscal & Monetary14 indicators · 2021–2027 · IMF / WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 6.5% | 2027 | ▲ 8.3% | IMF |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 69.2% | 2027 | ▼ 2.9% | IMF |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -3.9% | 2027 | ▲ 4.9% | IMF |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -0.4% | 2027 | ▲ 0.0% | IMF |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 6.8% | 2027 | ▼ 9.3% | IMF |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 12.6% | 2024 | ▼ 58.9% | WB |
| Real Interest Rate (%) | -1.5% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Lending Interest Rate (%) | 8.7% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Deposit Interest Rate (%) | 5.8% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $18.41B | 2024 | ▲ 34.1% | WB |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 2.8 | 2024 | ▲ 13.9% | WB |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 278.58 | 2024 | ▼ 0.6% | WB |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 66.96 | 2024 | ▲ 19.1% | WB |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 38.2% | 2024 | ▼ 10.5% | WB |
▶Trade15 indicators · 2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 27.6% | 2024 | ▼ 3.1% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 10.4% | 2024 | ▼ 1.0% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 17.2% | 2024 | ▼ 4.4% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $38.61B | 2024 | ▲ 9.3% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $63.87B | 2024 | ▲ 5.5% | WB |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $32.32B | 2024 | ▲ 13.5% | WB |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $56.45B | 2024 | ▲ 12.6% | WB |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 0.7% | 2024 | ▲ 17.8% | WB |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 0.0% | 2024 | ▲ 137.9% | WB |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $2.66B | 2024 | ▲ 30.0% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $34.91B | 2024 | ▲ 31.5% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 9.4% | 2024 | ▲ 19.1% | WB |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 2.4% | 2024 | ▲ 28.1% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 0.1% | 2024 | ▲ 143.3% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $496.3M | 2024 | ▲ 147.8% | WB |
▶External Debt7 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 35.6% | 2024 | ▼ 9.7% | WB |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $129.72B | 2024 | ▼ 1.0% | WB |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 4.5% | 2024 | ▼ 7.5% | WB |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $80.40B | 2024 | — | WB |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $12.32B | 2024 | ▲ 6.8% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 1.2% | 2023 | ▲ 155.4% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $3.96B | 2023 | ▲ 128.6% | WB |
▶Finance11 indicators · 2022–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 11.5% | 2024 | ▼ 4.6% | WB |
| Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP) | 14.0% | 2024 | ▲ 46.3% | WB |
| Stock Market Capitalization (USD) | $52.07B | 2024 | ▲ 61.4% | WB |
| Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP) | 5.3% | 2024 | ▲ 104.7% | WB |
| Listed Domestic Companies | 530 | 2024 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 4.8% | 2023 | ▼ 3.0% | WB |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 6.6% | 2023 | ▲ 1.3% | WB |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 27.3% | 2024 | ▲ 30.1% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 11.9% | 2024 | ▼ 11.6% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 42.3% | 2024 | ▲ 50.1% | WB |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 5.5% | 2022 | — | WB |
▶Business Environment1 indicator · 2022 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 20 | 2022 | — | WB |
▶Private Sector6 indicators · 2022 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 21.6% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 4.9% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 3.4% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 5.9% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 4 years | 2022 | — | WB |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 44.6% | 2022 | — | WB |
▶People23 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 251.3M | 2024 | ▲ 1.5% | WB |
| Population Growth (%) | 1.5% | 2024 | ▼ 2.5% | WB |
| Population Density (per km²) | 321 | 2023 | ▲ 1.6% | WB |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 796,100 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Land Area (sq km) | 770,880 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Urban Population (%) | 39.2% | 2024 | ▲ 0.9% | WB |
| Urban Population (total) | 98.4M | 2024 | ▲ 2.4% | WB |
| Rural Population (%) | 60.8% | 2024 | ▼ 0.6% | WB |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 67.6 years | 2023 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 65.3 years | 2023 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 70.2 years | 2023 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 3.6 | 2023 | ▼ 1.6% | WB |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 27.8 | 2023 | ▼ 1.2% | WB |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 6.5 | 2023 | ▼ 0.7% | WB |
| Net Migration | -1.2M | 2025 | ▲ 11.8% | WB |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 36.7% | 2024 | ▼ 1.0% | WB |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 59.0% | 2024 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 4.3% | 2024 | ▲ 2.0% | WB |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 69.4% | 2024 | ▼ 1.1% | WB |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 7.3% | 2024 | ▲ 1.5% | WB |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 62.1% | 2024 | ▼ 1.4% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 201 | 2023 | ▼ 0.7% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 129.9 | 2023 | ▼ 1.2% | WB |
▶Labor20 indicators · 2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 85.2M | 2025 | ▲ 2.3% | WB |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 52.3% | 2025 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 24.0% | 2025 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 80.1% | 2025 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Unemployment (%) | 5.4% | 2025 | ▼ 1.3% | WB |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 6.9% | 2025 | ▼ 5.5% | WB |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 5.0% | 2025 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 9.6% | 2025 | ▲ 0.8% | WB |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 36.2% | 2025 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 25.3% | 2025 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Employment in Services (%) | 38.5% | 2025 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| Self-Employed (%) | 55.3% | 2025 | ▲ 5.0% | WB |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 55.5% | 2025 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 43.0% | 2025 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 12.2% | 2025 | ▼ 20.0% | WB |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 1.5% | 2025 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 22.8% | 2025 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 49.5% | 2025 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 57.0% | 2025 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 28.5% | 2025 | ▼ 17.5% | WB |
▶Education21 indicators · 2015–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 1.9% | 2023 | ▼ 1.3% | WB |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 9.8% | 2023 | ▲ 3.7% | WB |
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 58.9% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Female Literacy Rate (%) | 48.5% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 69.1% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 73.1% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 83.7% | 2024 | ▲ 2.9% | WB |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 48.3% | 2024 | ▲ 14.2% | WB |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 10.9% | 2024 | ▲ 3.6% | WB |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 74.1% | 2024 | ▲ 8.0% | WB |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 55.8% | 2024 | ▲ 18.6% | WB |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 5.4M | 2024 | ▼ 35.2% | WB |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 2.8M | 2024 | ▼ 40.5% | WB |
| Primary School Teachers | 445,877 | 2024 | ▼ 13.4% | WB |
| Secondary School Teachers | 2.0M | 2024 | ▲ 7.7% | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 44 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 20 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 31.1% | 2015 | — | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 65.3 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 37.4% | 2015 | — | WB |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 22.1% | 2017 | — | WB |
▶Health39 indicators · 2018–2024 · WHO
▶Energy & Environment16 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 0.8 | 2024 | ▼ 3.8% | WB |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 204 | 2024 | ▼ 2.3% | WB |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 471 | 2022 | ▲ 1.2% | WB |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 606 | 2022 | ▲ 6.3% | WB |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 28.3% | 2021 | ▼ 12.3% | WB |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 41.6% | 2021 | ▼ 2.6% | WB |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 95.6% | 2023 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 54.9% | 2023 | ▲ 3.6% | WB |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 43 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Forest Area (%) | 4.7% | 2023 | ▼ 1.1% | WB |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 36,019 | 2023 | ▼ 1.1% | WB |
| Arable Land (%) | 39.3% | 2023 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 15.3% | 2024 | ▲ 56.1% | WB |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 1.2% | 2024 | ▲ 50.0% | WB |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 90.7% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WHO |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 71.9% | 2024 | ▲ 0.1% | WHO |
▶Agriculture12 indicators · 2022–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 46.7% | 2023 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 3,634 | 2023 | ▲ 4.9% | WB |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 122.4 | 2022 | ▲ 0.9% | WB |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 104.1 | 2022 | ▼ 8.2% | WB |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 125.3 | 2022 | ▲ 3.6% | WB |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 14.6M | 2023 | ▲ 4.5% | WB |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 509,998 | 2023 | ▲ 2.0% | WB |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 160.3 | 2023 | ▲ 9.1% | WB |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 16.5% | 2023 | ▼ 1.2% | WB |
| Agricultural Irrigated Land (%) | 54.2% | 2023 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 326.0% | 2022 | ▼ 2.6% | WB |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 53.2M | 2023 | ▲ 9.6% | WB |
▶Technology13 indicators · 2021–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 27.4% | 2023 | ▲ 13.1% | WB |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 77 | 2023 | ▼ 3.2% | WB |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 1.4 | 2023 | ▲ 5.6% | WB |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 109.7 | 2024 | ▼ 3.3% | WB |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 0.16% | 2023 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 426 | 2021 | ▲ 26.0% | WB |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 567 | 2021 | ▲ 0.9% | WB |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 22,643 | 2022 | ▲ 9.1% | WB |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $535.2M | 2024 | ▲ 39.3% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 44.8% | 2024 | ▲ 22.2% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $3.63B | 2024 | ▲ 33.7% | WB |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 463 | 2021 | ▲ 26.5% | WB |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 474 | 2023 | ▲ 18.0% | WB |
▶Infrastructure9 indicators · 2018–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 7.2M | 2023 | ▲ 3.3% | WB |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 309.5 | 2023 | ▲ 224.7% | WB |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 3.4M | 2022 | ▼ 4.6% | WB |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 7,791 | 2019 | — | WB |
| Railways, Passengers (million km) | 24,903 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 8,080 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.42 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 16.6% | 2022 | ▼ 2.3% | WB |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 15.6% | 2022 | ▲ 29.8% | WB |
▶Gender8 indicators · 2018–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 17.0% | 2024 | ▼ 16.7% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 28.2% | 2025 | ▲ 15.0% | WB |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 26.7% | 2025 | ▲ 1.8% | WB |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 107.3% | 2018 | — | WB |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 41.1 | 2023 | ▼ 2.8% | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 117.24 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 0.87 | 2019 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 0.88 | 2019 | — | WB |
▶Governance10 indicators · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -1 | 2023 | ▼ 24.2% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.58 | 2023 | ▲ 7.5% | WB |
| Political Stability | -1.93 | 2023 | ▼ 5.0% | WB |
| Regulatory Quality | -0.9 | 2023 | ▼ 1.6% | WB |
| Rule of Law | -0.86 | 2023 | ▼ 27.9% | WB |
| Voice & Accountability | -0.96 | 2023 | ▼ 11.3% | WB |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 18.9% | 2023 | ▼ 16.7% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 30.7% | 2023 | ▲ 4.8% | WB |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 21.2% | 2023 | ▼ 15.1% | WB |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 6.6% | 2023 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
▶Military6 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 2.7% | 2024 | ▼ 7.4% | WB |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $10.17B | 2024 | ▲ 17.9% | WB |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 943,000 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 1.3% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 13.8% | 2024 | ▼ 7.7% | WB |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 4.3 | 2023 | ▲ 6.3% | WB |
▶Social Protection4 indicators · 2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.41 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.40 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.41 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 5.1 years | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Tourism4 indicators · 2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $765.0M | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $1.25B | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 2.8% | 2020 | — | WB |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $326.0M | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Urban Development7 indicators · 2022–2025 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 2.4% | 2024 | ▼ 10.5% | WB |
| Population in Largest City | 18.1M | 2025 | ▲ 2.4% | WB |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 17.9% | 2025 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 20.1% | 2025 | ▲ 1.0% | WB |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 56.0% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | 0.9% | 2024 | ▲ 12.7% | WB |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 45.0% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WHO |
