Madagascar
Capital: AntananarivoRegion: Sub-Saharan Africa Income: Low income
GDP
$21.09B
2026
Population
32.0M
2024
GDP per Capita
$653
2026
Life Expectancy
63.6 years
2023
Economy
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| GDP (Current USD, Billions) | $21.09B | 2026 |
| Real GDP Growth (%) | 4.3% | 2026 |
| GDP per Capita (USD) | $653 | 2026 |
| GDP, PPP (Billions Intl $) | $68.11B | 2026 |
| GDP per Capita, PPP (Intl $) | $2K | 2026 |
| Share of World GDP, PPP (%) | 0.03% | 2026 |
| GNI (Current USD) | $16.97B | 2024 |
| GNI per Capita (USD) | $510 | 2024 |
| GNI per Capita, PPP (USD) | $2K | 2024 |
| Industry Value Added (% of GDP) | 22.8% | 2024 |
| Services Value Added (% of GDP) | 47.7% | 2024 |
| Agriculture Value Added (% of GDP) | 22.5% | 2024 |
| Government Consumption (% of GDP) | 14.7% | 2024 |
| Household Consumption (% of GDP) | 71.6% | 2024 |
| Gross Capital Formation (% of GDP) | 22.2% | 2024 |
| Gross Savings (% of GNI) | 16.4% | 2022 |
| GDP Deflator (%) | 7.6% | 2024 |
| GDP per Person Employed (USD) | $3K | 2024 |
| Manufacturing Value Added (% of GDP) | 12.6% | 2024 |
| Medium/High-Tech Manufacturing (% of total) | 1.0% | 2022 |
| Adjusted Net National Income per Capita (USD) | $421 | 2021 |
| Adjusted Net Savings (% of GNI) | -3.3% | 2021 |
| External Balance on Goods & Services (% of GDP) | -8.5% | 2024 |
| Coal Rents (% of GDP) | 0.00% | 2021 |
| Mineral Rents (% of GDP) | 0.00% | 2021 |
| Oil Rents (% of GDP) | 0.08% | 2021 |
| Natural Gas Rents (% of GDP) | 0.00% | 2021 |
| Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP) | 5.5% | 2021 |
| Forest Rents (% of GDP) | 5.45% | 2021 |
| Industry Value Added (Current USD) | $3.97B | 2024 |
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 7.2% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 50.9% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -4.0% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -6.5% | 2026 |
| Total Investment (% of GDP) | 24.4% | 2026 |
| Gross National Savings (% of GDP) | 17.8% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 9.9% | 2023 |
| Lending Interest Rate (%) | 53.6% | 2023 |
| Deposit Interest Rate (%) | 13.0% | 2023 |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 10.8% | 2023 |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 9.6% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 44.4% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 22.5% | 2023 |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 7.0% | 2023 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $2.78B | 2024 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 4.0 | 2022 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 4,525.42 | 2024 |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 27.1% | 2023 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 55.0% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 31.7% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $4.05B | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $5.53B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $2.58B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $4.83B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 3.5% | 2024 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 0.8% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $606.2M | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $406.3M | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 2.3% | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 0.5% | 2023 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -5.4% | 2022 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $-829.4M | 2022 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 39.2% | 2024 |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $6.65B | 2024 |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 1.7% | 2024 |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $3.33B | 2024 |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $1.30B | 2024 |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 8.1% | 2023 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 16.6% | 2024 |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 7.1% | 2023 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 7.6% | 2023 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 24.5% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 20.3% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 29.0% | 2024 |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 4.1% | 2022 |
Business Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 73 | 2022 |
Private Sector
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 19.5% | 2022 |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 24.2% | 2022 |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 37.3% | 2022 |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 12 years | 2022 |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 46.0% | 2022 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 32.0M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | 2.4% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 54 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 587,295 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 581,800 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 32.4% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 10.4M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 67.6% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 63.6 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 61.9 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 65.4 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 4.0 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 32.1 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 7.5 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | -2,227 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 39.3% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 57.3% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 3.4% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 74.4% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 258.6 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 207.4 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 17.1M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 85.5% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 82.9% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 88.1% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 3.0% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 3.3% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 2.8% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 5.2% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 69.2% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 9.9% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 20.9% | 2025 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 84.4% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 11.7% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 36.5% | 2022 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 3.9% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 48.6% | 2025 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 3.0% | 2023 |
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 74.7% | 2021 |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 77.9% | 2021 |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 82.4% | 2021 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 132.7% | 2024 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 34.1% | 2021 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 6.1% | 2023 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 60.7% | 2024 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 30.9% | 2024 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 135,621 | 2024 |
| Primary School Teachers | 138,648 | 2024 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 40 | 2018 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 19 | 2018 |
Health
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Health Spending (% of GDP) | 3.4% | 2023 |
| Health Spending per Capita (USD) | $17 | 2023 |
| Government Health Spending (% of GDP) | 1.0% | 2023 |
| Out-of-Pocket Health Spending (% of total) | 27.4% | 2023 |
| Physicians (per 1,000 people) | 0.2 | 2022 |
| Nurses & Midwives (per 1,000) | 0.3 | 2022 |
| Infant Mortality (per 1,000 live births) | 64.8 | 2023 |
| Under-5 Mortality, Female (per 1,000) | 59.5 | 2023 |
| Under-5 Mortality, Male (per 1,000) | 69.8 | 2023 |
| Cause of Death, Communicable (%) | 45.5% | 2019 |
| Cause of Death, Non-Communicable (%) | 45.0% | 2019 |
| Cause of Death, Injury (%) | 9.5% | 2019 |
| Measles Immunization (% of children) | 46.0% | 2024 |
| DPT Immunization (% of children) | 60.0% | 2024 |
| HIV Incidence (per 1,000) | 0.51 | 2024 |
| Tuberculosis Incidence (per 100,000) | 224 | 2024 |
| Stunting, Children Under 5 (%) | 39.8% | 2021 |
| Overweight, Children Under 5 (%) | 1.9% | 2021 |
| Smoking Prevalence, Males (%) | 43.0% | 2022 |
| Smoking Prevalence, Females (%) | 10.7% | 2022 |
| Suicide Mortality Rate (per 100,000) | 6.1 | 2021 |
| Alcohol Consumption (liters per capita) | 1.0 | 2020 |
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 309 | 2022 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 81 | 2022 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 34.0% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 83.1% | 2022 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 1.6% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 12.8 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 21.3% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 123,902 | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 5.1% | 2024 |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 1.3% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 55.3% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 15.4% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 70.3% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 2,426 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 105.9 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 108.2 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 94.4 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 2.2M | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 7.3 | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 4.0% | 2022 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 20.4% | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 0.1 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 25.1 | 2024 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 6 | 2021 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 22 | 2021 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 157 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $7.9M | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 20.9% | 2022 |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 328 | 2021 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 313,313 | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 2.5 | 2023 |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 199,713 | 2019 |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 673 | 2021 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.30 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 46.0% | 2022 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 16.0% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 68.9% | 2022 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 9.4% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 157.2% | 2018 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 129.8 | 2023 |
| Women Who Believe Husband Can Beat Wife (%) | 40.6% | 2021 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 1.04 | 2019 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -1.00 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | -1.02 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | -0.80 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | -0.32 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 18.4% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 13.7% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 18.9% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 19.9% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 0.7% | 2024 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 0.2% | 2020 |
Poverty & Inequality
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 69.2% | 2021 |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 83.9% | 2021 |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 96.6% | 2021 |
| Gini Index | 36.8 | 2021 |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 29.6% | 2021 |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 2.9% | 2021 |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 44.7% | 2021 |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 7.2% | 2021 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.39 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.40 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.38 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 4.7 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 87,100 | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $202.0M | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $97.0M | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 7.8% | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $57.0M | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population in Largest City | 4.2M | 2025 |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 12.9% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 65.7% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | 1.8% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 12.8% | 2024 |