Madagascar—R&D Spending (% of GDP)
Madagascar's R&D spending (% of GDP) was 0.01% in 2017. This represents a +0.9% change from 2016. Over the past 15 years, the highest recorded value was 0.29% (2003) and the lowest was 0.01% (2016). Data sourced from the World Bank World Development Indicators.
Historical Data
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 0.01% | +0.9% |
| 2016 | 0.01% | -4.3% |
| 2014 | 0.01% | -85.4% |
| 2011 | 0.09% | -8.4% |
| 2010 | 0.10% | -24.1% |
| 2009 | 0.13% | +11.0% |
| 2008 | 0.12% | -2.7% |
| 2007 | 0.12% | -14.4% |
| 2006 | 0.14% | -6.5% |
| 2005 | 0.15% | -21.6% |
| 2004 | 0.19% | -33.7% |
| 2003 | 0.29% | +44.1% |
| 2002 | 0.20% | +11.0% |
| 2001 | 0.18% | +81.2% |
| 2000 | 0.10% |
Top Countries — R&D Spending (% of GDP)
| # | Country | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Israel | 6.35% | 2023 |
| 2 | Liechtenstein | 6.01% | 2023 |
| 3 | Korea, Rep. | 4.94% | 2023 |
| 4 | Sweden | 3.60% | 2023 |
| 5 | United States | 3.45% | 2023 |
| 6 | Japan | 3.44% | 2023 |
| 7 | Belgium | 3.27% | 2023 |
| 8 | Austria | 3.26% | 2023 |
| 9 | Switzerland | 3.22% | 2023 |
| 10 | Germany | 3.15% | 2023 |
About This Indicator
Definition
Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
Methodology
Data compiled by Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), uri: https://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/resources/bulk, publisher: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), date accessed: 2025-03-26, date published: 2025-02.
Unit
% of GDP