Madagascar · Child Underweight, Under 5 (survey, %)

22.6%2021

Publisher note: Enquête Démographique et de Santé à Madagascar, 2021. Antananarivo, Madagascar et Rockville, Maryland, USA : INSTAT et ICF.

Unit: percent of children under age 5. Publisher measure: Underweight prevalence among children under 5 years of age (% weight-for-age <-2 SD), survey-based estimates.

Weight-for-age below -2 SD, WHO country-level survey estimates, both sexes, no additional disaggregation; retain survey comments. Reference years are irregular survey labels; fieldwork windows were not supplied by the retained projection. Matching year labels do not prove matching collection periods.

Measurement basis: survey-based estimate; reference years are irregular.

Reference-period cadence: irregular survey reference years.

Displayed values are rounded, with extra precision when needed to keep a positive estimate positive. Downloads retain the full numeric estimate and the publisher's original display text separately.

A “<” sign means strictly below the stated number. Numeric readings and uncertainty endpoints keep their own comparison signs. A number without a sign does not establish certainty or an observed outcome.

World Health Organization (Global Health Observatory); retrieved 2026-09-07. Retrieval time is separate from an official publisher release vintage.

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One row per country, indicator and year, with raw values, source links and reuse notices. Thresholds have an empty numeric value and separate number/operator fields; value_kind distinguishes upper bounds from absent readings.

History and uncertainty

Charts plot numeric readings. Reported upper bounds create gaps; their values, uncertainty endpoints and source notes remain available in the table and downloads.

Reported estimates and uncertainty · 9 rows

Each comparison sign applies to its own reading or uncertainty endpoint. Values retain source precision. “Not reported” identifies an absent reading or uncertainty endpoint in this source capture.

Reported estimates and independently qualified uncertainty endpoints
Country	Year	Reading	Lower endpoint	Upper endpoint	Publisher note
Madagascar	1992	35.2	33.4	37.1	Enquête nationale démographique et sanitaire 1992. Demographic and Health Surveys. Centre National de Recherches sur l'Environnement. Antananarivo, Madagascar, 1994
Madagascar	1993	40.9	Not reported	Not reported	Enquête permanente aupres des menages - rapport principal, décembre 1995. Antananarivo, Madagascar, 1995 Converted estimate
Madagascar	1995	30.4	Not reported	Not reported	Enquête par grappes a indicateurs multiples [multiple indicators cluster survey (MICS)], Madagascar 1995 (rapport préliminaires). Antananarivo, Madagascar: Institut National de la Statistique et UNICEF, 1996 Converted estimate
Madagascar	1997	34.5	32.3	36.9	Enquête démographique et de santé, Madagascar 1997. Demographic and Health Surveys. Institut Nacional de la Statistique. Antananarivo, Madgascar, 1998 Reduced age range
Madagascar	2004	36.7	34.1	39.5	Enquête Démographique et de Santé de Madagascar 2003-2004. Demographic and Health Surveys. Calverton, Maryland, USA : INSTAT et ORC Macro, 2005
Madagascar	2011	28.4	26.9	30	Enquête Anthropométrique et Développement de l'Enfant Madagascar 2011, Round 3 Oedema data was not considered in the analysis
Madagascar	2012	32.6	30.9	34.4	Enquête Nationale Sur le Suivi des Objectifs du Millènaire pour le Dèveloppement de Madagascar, (ENSOMD) 2012-2013 Oedema data was not considered in the analysis
Madagascar	2018	26.4	25.3	27.5	Enquête par grappes à indicateurs multiples-MICS Madagascar 2018, Rapport final. Antananarivo, Madagascar : INSTAT et UNICEF 2019
Madagascar	2021	22.6	21.2	24.1	Enquête Démographique et de Santé à Madagascar, 2021. Antananarivo, Madagascar et Rockville, Maryland, USA : INSTAT et ICF.