Eritrea
Capital: AsmaraRegion: Sub-Saharan Africa Income: Low income
GDP
N/A
Population
3.5M
2024
GDP per Capita
N/A
Life Expectancy
68.6 years
2023
Economy
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Medium/High-Tech Manufacturing (% of total) | 10.2% | 2022 |
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Investment (% of GDP) | 6.7% | 2026 |
| Gross National Savings (% of GDP) | 17.0% | 2026 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 15.07 | 2024 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $576.0M | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $562.0M | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $-27.9M | 2024 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $693.3M | 2024 |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $417.6M | 2024 |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $39.6M | 2024 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 3.5M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | 1.9% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 29 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 121,766 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 121,178 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 34.5% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 1.2M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 65.5% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 68.6 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 66.5 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 70.7 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 3.7 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 28.5 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 6.0 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | -6,698 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 38.1% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 57.7% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 4.2% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 73.4% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 216.6 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 158.5 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 1.8M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 78.3% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 72.8% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 84.1% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 6.0% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 6.7% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 5.3% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 10.2% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 55.5% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 12.7% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 31.8% | 2025 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 47.9% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 47.6% | 2025 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 4.5% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 47.7% | 2025 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 89.7% | 2022 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 44.0% | 2022 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 61.3% | 2022 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 53.4% | 2022 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 179,166 | 2022 |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 95,607 | 2022 |
| Primary School Teachers | 12,025 | 2022 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 9,725 | 2022 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 39 | 2018 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 35 | 2018 |
Health
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Health Spending (% of GDP) | 3.7% | 2023 |
| Health Spending per Capita (USD) | $28 | 2023 |
| Government Health Spending (% of GDP) | 0.8% | 2023 |
| Out-of-Pocket Health Spending (% of total) | 48.4% | 2023 |
| Physicians (per 1,000 people) | 0.1 | 2022 |
| Nurses & Midwives (per 1,000) | 1.5 | 2022 |
| Hospital Beds (per 1,000) | 1.0 | 2023 |
| Infant Mortality (per 1,000 live births) | 35.4 | 2023 |
| Under-5 Mortality, Female (per 1,000) | 31.1 | 2023 |
| Under-5 Mortality, Male (per 1,000) | 39.6 | 2023 |
| Cause of Death, Communicable (%) | 38.6% | 2019 |
| Cause of Death, Non-Communicable (%) | 49.5% | 2019 |
| Cause of Death, Injury (%) | 11.9% | 2019 |
| Measles Immunization (% of children) | 93.0% | 2024 |
| DPT Immunization (% of children) | 95.0% | 2024 |
| HIV Incidence (per 1,000) | 0.10 | 2024 |
| Tuberculosis Incidence (per 100,000) | 115 | 2024 |
| Suicide Mortality Rate (per 100,000) | 13.2 | 2021 |
| Alcohol Consumption (liters per capita) | 1.1 | 2020 |
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 290 | 2022 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 102 | 2022 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 5.8% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 80.7% | 2021 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 12.0% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 32.4 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 8.6% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 10,458 | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 0.0% | 2024 |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 0.0% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 62.7% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 639 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 106.1 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 100.6 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 109.3 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 477,686 | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 1.9 | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 20.8% | 2022 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 20.0% | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 0.2 | 2022 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 2.0 | 2024 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 34 | 2022 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 45,104 | 2020 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 0.0 | 2019 |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 27,453 | 2019 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.09 | 2018 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 97.2% | 2022 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 41.0% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 68.7% | 2018 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 65.2 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 0.92 | 2019 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -1.48 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | -1.79 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | -2.36 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | -1.86 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 5.7% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 2.8% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 2.8% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 17.5% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 13.3% | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 142,000 | 2016 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $48.0M | 2016 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population in Largest City | 1.2M | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 48.7% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | 2.1% | 2024 |