Cameroon
CMRSub-Saharan Africa Lower middle incomeCapital: YaoundeEconomy
Fiscal
People
Health
Education
Trade
Energy / Env
Tech
Governance
Equality
Infra
Labor
75/80 indicators · percentile vs world (IMF / WB / WHO)underover
GDP
$73
2027▲ 8.2%
Population
29.1M
2024▲ 2.6%
GDP per Capita
$2,307
2027▲ 5.1%
Life Expectancy
63.7 years
2023▲ 2.0%
Cameroon in world space2000–2023
192 countries · log scale on X world Cameroon· trajectory line: 1980 → today
▶About Cameroon
Cameroon's GDP is $67.52B (2026), with a population of 29.1M, and GDP per capita of $2,195. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 4.1%, inflation at 3.3%, government debt at 36.3% of GDP, life expectancy of 63.7 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators.
Located in Sub-Saharan Africa, it is classified as a lower middle-income country with a GDP of $67.52 billion in 2026, ranking 89th globally. The economy exhibits a real GDP growth rate of 4.1% in 2026, with a GDP per capita of $2,000. The country maintains a moderate level of trade openness, with trade accounting for 34.4% of GDP in 2024. Foreign direct investment inflows are relatively low, at 1.7% of GDP in 2024. The economy is characterized by sectors such as agriculture, forestry, and oil, which contribute significantly to its economic output. The inflation rate for consumer prices is projected to be 3.3% in 2026, indicating a stable economic environment. Unemployment is relatively low at 3.6% in 2025. The population is approximately 29.1 million as of 2024, with a life expectancy at birth of 63.7 years in 2023. The fertility rate stands at 4.3 births per woman in 2023. Health spending is 4.6% of GDP in 2023, reflecting investments in public health. The Gini Index of 42.2 in 2021 suggests moderate income inequality.
▶Economy30 indicators · 2021–2027 · IMF / WB
▶Fiscal & Monetary18 indicators · 2021–2027 · IMF / WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 3.0% | 2027 | ▼ 9.1% | IMF |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 34.7% | 2027 | ▼ 4.4% | IMF |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -1.2% | 2027 | ▲ 0.0% | IMF |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -3.7% | 2027 | ▲ 5.1% | IMF |
| Total Investment (% of GDP) | 22.3% | 2026 | ▲ 5.6% | IMF |
| Gross National Savings (% of GDP) | 18.4% | 2026 | ▲ 3.8% | IMF |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 4.5% | 2024 | ▼ 38.6% | WB |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 13.7% | 2021 | ▲ 4.7% | WB |
| Government Expenditure (% of GDP) | 12.4% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 11.3% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 43.3% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Taxes on International Trade (% of revenue) | 11.2% | 2021 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 21.8% | 2021 | ▼ 10.9% | WB |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 4.5% | 2021 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $4.88B | 2023 | ▼ 4.9% | WB |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 5.1 | 2023 | ▼ 8.6% | WB |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 606.35 | 2024 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 198.54 | 2024 | ▲ 2.9% | WB |
▶Trade15 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 34.4% | 2024 | ▼ 9.2% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 15.7% | 2024 | ▼ 7.0% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 18.7% | 2024 | ▼ 11.0% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $8.35B | 2024 | ▲ 1.5% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $9.98B | 2024 | ▼ 2.8% | WB |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $5.90B | 2024 | ▲ 19.7% | WB |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $8.20B | 2024 | ▲ 1.0% | WB |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 1.7% | 2024 | ▼ 1.0% | WB |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 0.1% | 2024 | ▲ 173.1% | WB |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $888.2M | 2024 | ▲ 8.1% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $690.2M | 2024 | ▼ 12.3% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 1.3% | 2024 | ▼ 19.6% | WB |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 2.1% | 2023 | ▼ 36.0% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -4.1% | 2023 | ▼ 21.9% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $-2.02B | 2023 | ▼ 34.1% | WB |
▶External Debt7 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 31.3% | 2024 | ▼ 1.9% | WB |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $15.77B | 2024 | ▲ 2.4% | WB |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 3.2% | 2024 | ▼ 11.3% | WB |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $10.97B | 2024 | — | WB |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $2.03B | 2024 | ▼ 1.1% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 2.0% | 2023 | ▼ 28.4% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $940.3M | 2023 | ▼ 20.8% | WB |
▶Finance6 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 6.6% | 2023 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 12.9% | 2023 | ▼ 1.1% | WB |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 60.9% | 2024 | ▲ 17.8% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 52.9% | 2024 | ▲ 7.4% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 69.4% | 2024 | ▲ 28.1% | WB |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 32.7% | 2024 | — | WB |
▶Business Environment1 indicator · 2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 36 | 2024 | — | WB |
▶Private Sector6 indicators · 2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 21.6% | 2024 | — | WB |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 36.8% | 2024 | — | WB |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 21.2% | 2024 | — | WB |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 24.0% | 2024 | — | WB |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 13 years | 2024 | — | WB |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 75.4% | 2024 | — | WB |
▶People23 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 29.1M | 2024 | ▲ 2.6% | WB |
| Population Growth (%) | 2.6% | 2024 | ▼ 1.1% | WB |
| Population Density (per km²) | 60 | 2023 | ▲ 2.7% | WB |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 475,440 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Land Area (sq km) | 472,710 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Urban Population (%) | 55.4% | 2024 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Urban Population (total) | 16.1M | 2024 | ▲ 3.2% | WB |
| Rural Population (%) | 44.6% | 2024 | ▼ 0.6% | WB |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 63.7 years | 2023 | ▲ 2.0% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 61.5 years | 2023 | ▲ 2.0% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 65.9 years | 2023 | ▲ 2.0% | WB |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 4.3 | 2023 | ▼ 1.7% | WB |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 33.7 | 2023 | ▼ 1.5% | WB |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 7.2 | 2023 | ▼ 6.8% | WB |
| Net Migration | -15,379 | 2025 | ▼ 10.7% | WB |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 41.4% | 2024 | ▼ 0.8% | WB |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 55.8% | 2024 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 2.8% | 2024 | ▲ 0.7% | WB |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 79.3% | 2024 | ▼ 1.2% | WB |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 5.0% | 2024 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 74.3% | 2024 | ▼ 1.3% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 275 | 2023 | ▼ 8.5% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 195.6 | 2023 | ▼ 11.6% | WB |
▶Labor19 indicators · 2021–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 11.5M | 2025 | ▲ 2.6% | WB |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 65.2% | 2025 | ▼ 0.5% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 56.6% | 2025 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 73.9% | 2025 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Unemployment (%) | 3.6% | 2025 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 4.1% | 2025 | ▼ 0.8% | WB |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 3.2% | 2025 | ▲ 0.9% | WB |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 6.5% | 2025 | ▼ 1.1% | WB |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 41.9% | 2025 | ▼ 1.2% | WB |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 14.6% | 2025 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Employment in Services (%) | 43.5% | 2025 | ▲ 1.1% | WB |
| Self-Employed (%) | 65.3% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 67.6% | 2025 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 30.7% | 2025 | ▲ 1.0% | WB |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 1.7% | 2025 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 43.9% | 2025 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 62.8% | 2025 | ▼ 0.5% | WB |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 69.3% | 2025 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 23.2% | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Education16 indicators · 2012–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 2.8% | 2023 | ▲ 6.8% | WB |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 13.8% | 2024 | ▲ 5.7% | WB |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 114.4% | 2024 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 44.8% | 2023 | ▼ 1.7% | WB |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 16.7% | 2024 | ▲ 3.9% | WB |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 75.3% | 2024 | ▲ 4.3% | WB |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 35.0% | 2023 | ▼ 2.0% | WB |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 173,924 | 2024 | ▲ 4.1% | WB |
| Primary School Teachers | 121,453 | 2024 | ▲ 2.1% | WB |
| Secondary School Teachers | 118,092 | 2023 | ▲ 2.5% | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 45 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 19 | 2016 | — | WB |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 33.9% | 2013 | — | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 61.8 | 2023 | ▼ 6.2% | WB |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 52.6% | 2012 | — | WB |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 10.2% | 2013 | — | WB |
▶Health39 indicators · 2018–2024 · WHO
▶Energy & Environment16 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 0.4 | 2024 | ▼ 3.0% | WB |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 10 | 2024 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 384 | 2022 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 284 | 2022 | ▲ 2.3% | WB |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 53.9% | 2021 | ▼ 8.8% | WB |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 79.2% | 2021 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 72.0% | 2023 | ▲ 1.4% | WB |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 30.7% | 2023 | ▲ 4.4% | WB |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 39.8 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Forest Area (%) | 42.7% | 2023 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 201,725 | 2023 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Arable Land (%) | 13.1% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 11.0% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 11.4% | 2024 | ▲ 4.6% | WB |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 71.4% | 2024 | ▲ 1.0% | WHO |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 47.1% | 2024 | ▲ 1.0% | WHO |
▶Agriculture11 indicators · 2022–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 20.9% | 2023 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 1,779 | 2023 | ▲ 5.1% | WB |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 107.8 | 2022 | ▲ 3.3% | WB |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 108.5 | 2022 | ▲ 1.7% | WB |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 110.5 | 2022 | ▲ 4.5% | WB |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 2.2M | 2023 | ▼ 4.5% | WB |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 229,332 | 2023 | ▲ 2.1% | WB |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 16.4 | 2023 | ▲ 29.2% | WB |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 4.8% | 2023 | ▼ 5.9% | WB |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 0.4% | 2022 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 3.9M | 2023 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
▶Technology8 indicators · 2022–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 41.9% | 2023 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 96 | 2023 | ▲ 7.4% | WB |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 2.1 | 2022 | ▼ 4.7% | WB |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 25.2 | 2024 | ▲ 47.5% | WB |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 1,506 | 2022 | ▲ 12.5% | WB |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $6.2M | 2023 | ▼ 27.6% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 9.5% | 2023 | ▲ 130.3% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $189.9M | 2023 | ▲ 169.4% | WB |
▶Infrastructure9 indicators · 2020–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 331,025 | 2023 | ▲ 31.1% | WB |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 0 | 2023 | ▼ 11.9% | WB |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 366,667 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 884 | 2021 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Railways, Passengers (million km) | 225 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 874 | 2021 | ▼ 8.5% | WB |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.10 | 2022 | — | WB |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 8.7% | 2022 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Gender8 indicators · 2018–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 33.9% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 57.7% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 21.9% | 2025 | ▲ 1.5% | WB |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 110.5% | 2018 | — | WB |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 106.7 | 2023 | ▼ 1.5% | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 116.77 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 1.10 | 2021 | ▲ 25.9% | WB |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 0.90 | 2019 | — | WB |
▶Governance10 indicators · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -1.16 | 2023 | ▼ 2.9% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.91 | 2023 | ▼ 2.8% | WB |
| Political Stability | -1.4 | 2023 | ▼ 1.5% | WB |
| Regulatory Quality | -0.91 | 2023 | ▼ 1.6% | WB |
| Rule of Law | -1.04 | 2023 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Voice & Accountability | -1.07 | 2023 | ▲ 7.0% | WB |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 13.2% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 17.5% | 2023 | ▼ 7.5% | WB |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 16.5% | 2023 | ▲ 6.1% | WB |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 11.4% | 2023 | ▲ 4.8% | WB |
▶Military6 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 1.0% | 2024 | ▲ 8.9% | WB |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $534.9M | 2024 | ▲ 17.1% | WB |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 34,000 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 0.3% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 6.1% | 2024 | ▲ 13.0% | WB |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 6.8 | 2022 | — | WB |
▶Poverty & Inequality10 indicators · 2021 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 26.7% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 41.3% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 74.0% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 37.7% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Gini Index | 42.2 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 31.1% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 2.1% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 47.9% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 5.4% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 8.2% | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Social Protection8 indicators · 2020–2021 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social Insurance Coverage (%) | 3.7% | 2021 | — | — |
| Social Assistance Coverage (%) | 7.4% | 2021 | — | — |
| Labor Market Programs Coverage (%) | 2.2% | 2021 | — | — |
| Social Protection Coverage (%) | 12.7% | 2021 | — | — |
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.40 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.40 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.40 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 5.3 years | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Tourism5 indicators · 2019–2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 1.0M | 2019 | — | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $437.0M | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $697.0M | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 7.1% | 2020 | — | WB |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $28.0M | 2019 | — | WB |
▶Urban Development6 indicators · 2022–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 3.1% | 2024 | ▼ 1.5% | WB |
| Population in Largest City | 4.9M | 2025 | ▲ 3.7% | WB |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 29.2% | 2025 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 30.8% | 2025 | ▲ 0.9% | WB |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 32.7% | 2022 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | 2.0% | 2024 | ▼ 0.7% | WB |
