Spain
Capital: MadridRegion: Europe & Central AsiaIncome: High income
Spain's GDP is $2.04T (2026), with a population of 48.8M, and GDP per capita of $40,582. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 2.0%, inflation at 2.0%, unemployment at 10.7%, government debt at 98.7% of GDP, life expectancy of 83.9 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators. Explore Spain's full economic profile with 440+ indicators, interactive charts, and historical data below.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook
Economy
Stock Markets
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| IBEX 35 | 17,555.9 | 2026 |
Financial Markets
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| 10-Year Government Bond Yield (%) | 3.22% | 2025 |
| Central Bank Policy Rate (%) | 2.26% | 2025 |
| Exchange Rate (per USD) | 0.87 | 2026 |
Currencies
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| EUR/USD | 1.1522 | 2026 |
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 2.0% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 98.7% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -2.5% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 2.6% | 2026 |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 10.7% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 2.8% | 2024 |
| Government Debt (% of GDP) | 107.3% | 2023 |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 29.6% | 2023 |
| Government Expenditure (% of GDP) | 34.0% | 2023 |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 15.0% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 24.8% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 22.4% | 2023 |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 0.7% | 2023 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $107.77B | 2024 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 1.8 | 2024 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 0.92 | 2024 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 0.56 | 2024 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 70.0% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 37.1% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 32.9% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $639.46B | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $567.65B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $424.23B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $471.91B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 2.5% | 2024 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 4.1% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $42.78B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $6.33B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 0.4% | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 9.3% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 3.2% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $54.93B | 2024 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 74.2% | 2024 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP) | 43.7% | 2024 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (USD) | $753.99B | 2024 |
| Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP) | 16.0% | 2024 |
| Listed Domestic Companies | 277 | 2024 |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 5.7% | 2023 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 3.1% | 2023 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 98.4% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 97.8% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 99.0% | 2024 |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 40.0% | 2024 |
Business Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 58 | 2024 |
Private Sector
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 0.9% | 2024 |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 56.6% | 2024 |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 13.4% | 2024 |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 73.4% | 2024 |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 66 years | 2024 |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 26.3% | 2024 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 48.8M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | 1.0% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 97 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 505,976 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 499,697 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 80.3% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 39.2M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 19.7% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 83.9 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 81.2 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 86.7 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 1.1 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 6.7 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 9 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | 96,630 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 12.9% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 65.9% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 21.1% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 51.7% | 2024 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 32.1% | 2024 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 19.6% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 65.7 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 34.2 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 24.5M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 57.4% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 52.8% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 62.2% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 10.4% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 11.9% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 9.0% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 24.7% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 3.4% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 19.9% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 76.8% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (%) | 58.0% | 2024 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 10.1% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 85.5% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 35.5% | 2024 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 4.5% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 47.2% | 2025 |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 51.5% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 14.5% | 2025 |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 10.1% | 2024 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 4.6% | 2022 |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 9.9% | 2022 |
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 99.7% | 2021 |
| Female Literacy Rate (%) | 99.6% | 2021 |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 99.8% | 2021 |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 99.7% | 2021 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 103.0% | 2023 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 118.4% | 2023 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 93.7% | 2023 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 99.6% | 2023 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 91.4% | 2023 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 35,806 | 2023 |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 17,903 | 2023 |
| Primary School Teachers | 243,366 | 2023 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 337,789 | 2023 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 13 | 2017 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 12 | 2017 |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 26.9% | 2016 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 99.9 | 2021 |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 37.3% | 2016 |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 21.8% | 2016 |
Health
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 4.5 | 2024 |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 220 | 2024 |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 2,294 | 2023 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 5,118 | 2023 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 47.0% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 19.0% | 2021 |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 100.0% | 2023 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 100.0% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 9.6 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 37.2% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 185,850 | 2023 |
| Arable Land (%) | 23.0% | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 17.9% | 2024 |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 12.8% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 99.9% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 99.9% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 49.6% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 2,191 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 98.8 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 87 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 118.7 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 5.4M | 2023 |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 766,686 | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 115.1 | 2023 |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 2.5% | 2023 |
| Agricultural Irrigated Land (%) | 15.1% | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 26.1% | 2022 |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 11.9M | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 95.8% | 2024 |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 128 | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 37.2 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 29,986.4 | 2024 |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 1.44% | 2022 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 1,308 | 2021 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 126 | 2021 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 67,100 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $23.80B | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 10.4% | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $22.80B | 2024 |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 12,010 | 2021 |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 3,387 | 2022 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 94.1M | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 1,130.9 | 2023 |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 17.2M | 2022 |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 15,963 | 2021 |
| Railways, Passengers (million km) | 17,002 | 2021 |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 10,299 | 2021 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 3.90 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 3.2% | 2023 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 19.9% | 2023 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 44.3% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 53.3% | 2024 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 88.9% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 93.9% | 2017 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 4.8 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 93.47 | 2017 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 1.03 | 2020 |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 1.01 | 2020 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | 0.63 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | 0.75 | 2023 |
| Political Stability | 0.29 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | 0.69 | 2023 |
| Rule of Law | 0.82 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | 1.19 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 71.7% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 76.9% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 78.3% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 55.0% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 1.4% | 2024 |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $24.62B | 2024 |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 199,000 | 2020 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 0.9% | 2020 |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 3.2% | 2024 |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 0.7 | 2023 |
Poverty & Inequality
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 0.8% | 2023 |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 1.0% | 2023 |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 2.3% | 2023 |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 20.2% | 2022 |
| Gini Index | 33.4 | 2023 |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 24.5% | 2023 |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 2.2% | 2023 |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 40.2% | 2023 |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 6.5% | 2023 |
| Shared Prosperity Premium (%) | 1.8% | 2023 |
| Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day) | 54.85 | 2023 |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 0.6% | 2023 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.73 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.74 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.72 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 10.5 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 36.4M | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Departures | 6.2M | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 1.3% | 2024 |
| Population in Largest City | 6.8M | 2025 |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 17.3% | 2025 |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 25.7% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 0.0% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | 0.1% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 99.5% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 88.3% | 2024 |
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