Italy
Capital: RomeRegion: Europe & Central AsiaIncome: High income
Italy's GDP is $2.70T (2026), with a population of 59.0M, and GDP per capita of $45,883. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 0.8%, inflation at 2.0%, unemployment at 6.7%, government debt at 138.3% of GDP, life expectancy of 83.7 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators. Explore Italy's full economic profile with 440+ indicators, interactive charts, and historical data below.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook
Economy
Stock Markets
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| FTSE MIB | 45,624.94 | 2026 |
Financial Markets
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| 10-Year Government Bond Yield (%) | 3.59% | 2025 |
| Central Bank Policy Rate (%) | 2.26% | 2025 |
| Exchange Rate (per USD) | 0.87 | 2026 |
Currencies
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| EUR/USD | 1.1522 | 2026 |
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 2.0% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 138.3% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -2.8% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 1.0% | 2026 |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 6.7% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 1.0% | 2024 |
| Real Interest Rate (%) | 3.2% | 2024 |
| Lending Interest Rate (%) | 5.3% | 2024 |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 39.1% | 2023 |
| Government Expenditure (% of GDP) | 47.3% | 2023 |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 24.7% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 23.3% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 33.6% | 2023 |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 1.5% | 2023 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $290.55B | 2024 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 4 | 2024 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 0.92 | 2024 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 0.6 | 2024 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 62.8% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 32.5% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 30.3% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $773.89B | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $721.84B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $674.46B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $615.37B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 1.1% | 2024 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 1.9% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $26.90B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $11.15B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 0.5% | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 11.6% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 1.1% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $25.77B | 2024 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 60.4% | 2024 |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 5.9% | 2022 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 2.8% | 2022 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 86.0% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 79.8% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 92.6% | 2024 |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 48.8% | 2024 |
Business Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 20 | 2024 |
Private Sector
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 1.6% | 2024 |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 52.9% | 2024 |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 21.0% | 2024 |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 42.3% | 2024 |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 21 years | 2024 |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 15.5% | 2024 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 59.0M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | -0.1% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 199 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 302,070 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 295,720 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 69.6% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 41.0M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 30.4% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 83.7 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 81.7 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 85.8 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 1.2 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 6.4 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 11.2 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | 75,448 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 11.9% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 63.5% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 24.6% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 57.5% | 2024 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 38.8% | 2024 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 18.7% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 64.7 | 2022 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 36.6 | 2022 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 25.6M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 49.3% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 40.8% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 58.3% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 6.4% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 7.3% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 5.7% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 20.5% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 3.3% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 26.4% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 70.2% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (%) | 49.8% | 2024 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 14.3% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 78.9% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 31.6% | 2024 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 6.8% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 42.6% | 2025 |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 46.2% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 21.1% | 2025 |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 12.0% | 2024 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 4.1% | 2022 |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 7.4% | 2022 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 103.6% | 2023 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 100.7% | 2023 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 75.9% | 2023 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 97.4% | 2023 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 96.3% | 2023 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 52,117 | 2023 |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 26,661 | 2023 |
| Primary School Teachers | 250,733 | 2023 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 458,663 | 2023 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 11 | 2017 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 10 | 2017 |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 23.9% | 2016 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 99.9 | 2022 |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 42.7% | 2015 |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 19.1% | 2016 |
Health
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 5.1 | 2024 |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 299 | 2024 |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 2,298 | 2023 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 5,047 | 2023 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 41.0% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 17.5% | 2021 |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 100.0% | 2023 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 100.0% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 14.7 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 32.9% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 97,276 | 2023 |
| Arable Land (%) | 24.0% | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 14.6% | 2024 |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 10.7% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 99.9% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 99.9% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 44.3% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 5,059 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 97 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 94 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 102.3 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 3.1M | 2023 |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 128,311 | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 114.1 | 2023 |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 2.5% | 2023 |
| Agricultural Irrigated Land (%) | 19.7% | 2021 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 18.5% | 2022 |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 15.5M | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 89.2% | 2024 |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 132 | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 31.8 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 30,647.2 | 2024 |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 1.39% | 2022 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 10,281 | 2021 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 797 | 2021 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 90,586 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $60.16B | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 5.9% | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $9.22B | 2024 |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 26,386 | 2021 |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 2,796 | 2022 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 20.3M | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 1,121 | 2023 |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 11.6M | 2022 |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 17,305 | 2021 |
| Railways, Passengers (million km) | 27,693 | 2021 |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 24,262 | 2021 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 3.70 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 3.8% | 2023 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 32.3% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 41.5% | 2024 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 84.1% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 96.3% | 2017 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 2.9 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 96.61 | 2017 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 0.99 | 2020 |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 1.00 | 2020 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | 0.55 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | 0.61 | 2023 |
| Political Stability | 0.58 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | 0.64 | 2023 |
| Rule of Law | 0.39 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | 1.12 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 67.9% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 70.3% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 60.8% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 64.9% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 1.6% | 2024 |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $37.96B | 2024 |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 338,000 | 2020 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 1.4% | 2020 |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 3.2% | 2024 |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 0.6 | 2023 |
Poverty & Inequality
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 0.9% | 2023 |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 1.0% | 2023 |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 1.9% | 2023 |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 20.1% | 2021 |
| Gini Index | 34.3 | 2023 |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 25.8% | 2023 |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 2.3% | 2023 |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 41.1% | 2023 |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 6.6% | 2023 |
| Shared Prosperity Premium (%) | 0.9% | 2023 |
| Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day) | 57.51 | 2023 |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 0.7% | 2023 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.73 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.74 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.72 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 10.5 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 38.4M | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Departures | 21.4M | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $20.46B | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $12.96B | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 3.7% | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $423.0M | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 0.0% | 2024 |
| Population in Largest City | 4.3M | 2025 |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 10.6% | 2025 |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 19.6% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 0.0% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | -0.3% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 96.8% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 78.2% | 2024 |
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